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Brain and Its Functions

The amygdala lies deep in the limbic brain and is associated with basic survival functions like sex, fear, and anger. It triggers physiological responses to threats and has been linked to mental health conditions. The brain stem controls involuntary functions essential for survival like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum coordinates movement and some types of learning. The cerebrum makes up two-thirds of brain mass and is divided into four lobes with specialized functions like memory, language, and vision.

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129 views2 pages

Brain and Its Functions

The amygdala lies deep in the limbic brain and is associated with basic survival functions like sex, fear, and anger. It triggers physiological responses to threats and has been linked to mental health conditions. The brain stem controls involuntary functions essential for survival like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum coordinates movement and some types of learning. The cerebrum makes up two-thirds of brain mass and is divided into four lobes with specialized functions like memory, language, and vision.

Uploaded by

Jeebee Logroño Alo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AMYGDALA: Lying deep in the center of the limbic emotional brain, this powerful structure, the size and

shape of an almond, is constantly alert to the needs of basic survival including sex, emotional reactions such as anger and fear. Consequently it inspires aversive cues, such as sweaty palms, and has recently been associated with a range of mental conditions including depression to even autism. It is larger in male brains, often enlarged in the brains of sociopaths and it shrinks in the elderly. BRAIN STEM: The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. The brain stem controls functions basic to the survival of all animals, such as heart rate, breathing, digesting foods, and sleeping. It is the lowest, most primitive area of the human brain. CEREBELLUM: Two peach-size mounds of folded tissue located at the top of the brain stem, the cerebellum is the guru of skilled, coordinated movement (e.g., returning a tennis serve or throwing a slider down and in) and is involved in some learning pathways. CEREBRUM: This is the largest brain structure in humans and accounts for

The Frontal Lobe is the most recentlyevolved part of the brain and the last to develop in young adulthood. Its dorsolateral prefrontal circuit is the brains top executive. It organizes responses to complex problems, plans steps to an objective, searches memory for relevant experience, adapts strategies to accommodate new data, guides behavior with verbal skills and houses working memory. Its orbitofrontal circuit manages emotional impulses in socially appropriate ways for productive behaviors including empathy, altruism, interpretation of facial expressions. Stroke in this area typically releases foul language and fatuous behavior patterns. The Temporal Lobe controls memory storage area, emotion, hearing, and, on the left side, language. The Parietal Lobe receives and processes sensory information from the body including calculating location and speed of objects. The Occipital Lobe processes visual data and routes it to other parts of the brain for

about two-thirds of the brains mass. It is divided into two sides the left and right hemispheresthat are separated by a deep groove down the center from the back of the brain to the forehead. These two halves are connected by long neuron branches called the corpuscallosum which is relatively larger in womens brains than in mens. The cerebrum is positioned over and around most other brain structures, and its four lobes are specialized by function but are richly connected. The outer 3 millimeters of gray matter is thecerebral cortex which consists of closely packed neurons that control most of our body functions, including the mysterious state of consciousness, the senses, the bodys motor skills, reasoning and language.

identification and storage.

HIPPOCAMPUS: located deep within the brain, it processes new memories for longterm storage. If you didn't have it, you couldn't live in the present, you'd be stuck in the past of old memories. It is among the first functions to falter in Alzheimer's. HYPOTHALAMUS: Located at the base of the brain where signals from the brain and the bodys hormonal system interact, the hypothalamus maintains the bodys status quo. It monitors numerous bodily functions such as blood pressure and body temperature, as well as controlling body weight and appetite. THALAMUS: Located at the top of the brain stem, the thalamus acts as a twoway relay station, sorting, processing, and directing signals from the spinal cord and mid-brain structures up to the cerebrum, and, conversely, from the cerebrum down the spinal cord to the nervous system.

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