Scribd
Upload
490 views9 pages

Solution: Bernoulli Trials & Binomial Distributions

The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.

Uploaded by

Gladis Torres
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
490 views9 pages

Solution: Bernoulli Trials & Binomial Distributions

The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.

Uploaded by

Gladis Torres
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

14

Solution Section 4.4 Bernoulli Trials & Binomial Distributions



Exercise
If a baseball player has a batting average of 0.350, what is the probability that the player will get the
following number of hits in the next four times at bat?
a) Exactly 2 hits
b) At least 2 hits.
Solution
a) Given: .35 1 .35 .65, 4 p q n = = = =
2 2
4,2
( 2) (.35) (.65) P x C = =


0.311 ~
b) ( 2) (2) (3) (4) P x P P P > = + +

2 2 3 4 0
4,2 4,3 4,4
(.35) (.65) (.35) (.65) (.35) (.65) C C C = + +

015 . 1115 . 3105 . + + =

0.437 ~


Exercise
If a true-false test with 10 questions is given, what is the probability of scoring
a) Exactly 70% just by guessing?
b) 70% or better just by guessing?
Solution
Given: .5 1 .5 .5, 10 p q n = = = =
a)
10,7
7 3
( 7) (.5) (.5) P x C = =


0.117 ~
b) ( 7) (7) (8) (9) (10) P x P P P P > = + + +
10,8 10,9 10,10
7 3 8 2 9 1 10 0
10,7
(.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) (.5) C C C C = + + +

0.172 ~


15

Exercise
If 60% of the electorate supports the mayor, what is the probability that in a random sample of 10 voters,
fewer than half support her?
Solution
10 , 4 . 6 . ) ( = = = = n q mayor the ports sup electorate P p

) 0 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( P P P P P x P + + + + = s


10
) 4 (.
0 , 10
9
) 4 (.
1
) 6 (.
1 , 10
8
) 4 (.
2
) 6 (.
2 , 10
7
) 4 (.
3
) 6 (.
3 , 10
6
) 4 (.
4
) 6 (.
4 , 10
C C C C C + + + + =
0.166 ~


Exercise
Each year a company selects a number of employees for a management training program given by nearby
university. On the average, 70% of those sent complete the program. Out of 7 people sent by the
company, what is the probability that
a) Exactly 5 complete the program?
b) 5 or more complete the program?
Solution
a) 7 , 3 . 7 . 1 7 . = = = = n q p
318 . ) 3 (. ) 7 (. ) 5 (
2 5
5 , 7
= = = C x P


.318 =
b) ) 7 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( P P P x P + + = >

6 7
7,6 7,7
0
.318 (.7) (.3) (.7) (.3) C C = + +

0824 . 2471 . 318 . + + =

0.647 ~


Exercise
If the probability of a new employee in a fast-food chain still being with the company at the end of 1 year
is 0.6, what is the probability that out of 8 newly hired people?
a) 5 will still be with the company after 1 year?
b) 5 or more will still be with the company after 1 year?
Solution
a) .6 .4, 8 p q n = = =
( )
5 3
8,5
5 (.6) (.4) P x C = =

.279 =
16

b) ( ) 5 (5) (6) (7) (8) P x P P P P > = + + +

8
) 6 (.
8 , 8
1
) 4 (.
7
) 6 (.
7 , 8
2
) 4 (.
6
) 6 (.
6 , 8
3
) 4 (.
5
) 6 (.
5 , 8
C C C C + + + =
0.594 ~


Exercise
A manufacturing process produces, on the average, 6 defective items out of 100. To control quality, each
day a sample of 10 completed items is selected at random and inspected. If the sample produces more
than 2 defective items, then the whole days output is inspected and the manufacturing process is
reviewed. What is the probability of this happening, assuming that the process is still producing 6%
defective items?
Solution
10 94 . ) ( 06 . ) ( = = = = = n defective not P q defective P p
| | ) 0 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) 2 ( P P P x P x P + + = s = >
| |
10 0
0 , 10
9 1
1 , 10
8 2
2 , 10
) 94 (. ) 06 (. ) 94 (. ) 06 (. ) 94 (. ) 06 (. 1 C C C + + =
) 5386 . 3438 . 0988 (. 1 + + ~
0.188 ~
A days output will be inspected with a probability of .0188


Exercise
A manufacturing process produces, on the average, 3% defective items. The company ships 10 items in
each box and wishes to guarantee no more than 1 defective item per box. If this guarantee accompanies
each box, what is the probability that the box will fail to satisfy the guarantee?
Solution
10 97 . 03 . = = = n q p

) 2 ( 1 ) 2 ( ) ( < = > = x P x P satisfy to fail P

) 2 ( 1 < = x P
)] 1 ( ) 0 ( [ 1 P P + =

9
) 97 (.
1
) 03 (.
1 , 10
10
) 97 (.
0
) 03 (.
0 , 10
1 C C + =
0.035 ~


17

Exercise
A manufacturing process produces, on the average, 5 defective items out of 100. To control quality, each
day a random sample of 6 completed items is selected and inspected. If a success on a single trial
(inspection of 1 item) is finding the item defective, then the inspection of each of the 6 items in the
sample constitutes a binomial experiment, which has a binomial distribution.
a) Write the function defining the distribution
b) Construct a table and histogram for the distribution.
c) Compute the mean and standard deviation.
Solution
6 95 . 05 .
100
5
= = = = n q p
a)
6
6,
( ) (.05) (.95) , 0 1 2 3 4 5, 6
x
x x
P X C x , , , , ,

= =
b) Table and histogram for the distribution.

x P(x)
0 .735
1 .23
2 .31
3 .002
4 .0001
5 .000
6 .000



c) np =

6 .05 =


3 =
npq o =
6(.05)(.95) =
.53 =



0.735
0.23
0.31
0.002 0.0001 0 0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P
(
X
)

# of Success
18

Exercise
Each year a company selects 5 employees for a management training program given at a nearly
university. On the average, 40% of those sent complete the course in the top 10% of their class. If we
consider an employee finishing in the top 10% of the class a success in a binomial experiment, then for
the 5 employee entering the program there exists a binomial distribution involving P(x success out of 5).
a) Write the function defining the distribution
b) Construct a table and histogram for the distribution.
c) Compute the mean and standard deviation.
Solution
5 6 . 4 . = = = n q p
a)
5
5,
( ) (.4) (.6) , 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5
x x
x
P X C x

= =
b) Table









Histogram











c) np =

5 .4 =


2 =
npq o =
5(.4)(.6) =
1.095 ~


x P(x)
0 0.078
1 0.259
2 0.346
3 0.230
4 0.077
5 0.01
0.078
0.259
0.346
0.23
0.077
0.01
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5
P
(
X
)

# of Success
19

Exercise
A person with tuberculosis is given a chest x-ray. Four tuberculosis x-ray specialists examine each x-ray
independently. If each specialist can detect tuberculosis 80% of the time when it is present, what is the
probability that at least 1 of the specialists will detect tuberculosis in this person?
Solution
4 2 . 8 . = = = n q p
) 1 ( 1 ) 1 ( < = > x P x P
) 0 ( 1 = = x P
998 . 0 ) 2 (. ) 8 (. 1
4 4
0 , 4
~ = C


Exercise
A pharmaceutical laboratory claims that a drug it produces causes serious side effects in 20 people out of
1,000 on the average. To check this claim, a hospital administers the drug to 10 randomly chosen patients
and finds that 3 suffer from serious side effects. If the laboratorys claims are correct, what is the
probability of the hospital obtaining these results?
Solution
0 1 98 . 02 .
1000
20
= = = = n q p
( )
10,3
3 7
3 (.02) (.98) P x C = =


0.0008 ~



Exercise
The probability that brown-eyed parents, both with the recessive gene for blue, will have a child with
brown eye is .75. If such parents have 5 children, what is the probability that they will have
a) All blue-eyed children?
b) Exactly 3 children with brown eyes?
c) At least 3 children with brown eyes?
Solution
5 5 2 . 75 . = = = n q p
a) ( )
0 5
5,0
0 (.75) (.25) 0.00098 P x C = ~ =
b) ( )
3 2
5,3
3 (.75) (.25) 0.264 P x C ~ = =
c) ( ) 3 (3) (4) (5) P x P P P > = + +

0 5
5 , 5
1 4
4 , 5
2 3
3 , 5
) 25 (. ) 75 (. ) 25 (. ) 75 (. ) 25 (. ) 75 (. C C C + + =
.897 ~
20

Exercise
The probability of gene mutation under a given level of radiation is
5
10 3

. What is the probability of


the occurrence of at least 1 gene mutation if
5
10 genes are expected to this level of radiation?
Solution

5 5
10 3 1 10 3

= = q p


) 0 ( 1 ) 1 ( P x P = >


5
5 10
1 (1 3 10 )

=
0.95 ~


Exercise
If the probability of a person contracting influenza on exposure is .6 consider the binomial distribution for
a family of 6 that has been exposed.
a) Write the function defining the distribution.
b) Compute the mean and standard deviation.
Solution
0.6 .4, 6 p q n = = =
a)
6
6,
( ) (.6) (.4) , 0 1 2 3 4 5, 6
x
x x
P X C x , , , , ,

= =
b) 6(.6) 3.6 np = = =
6(.6)(.4) 1.2 npq o = = =


Exercise
The probability that a given drug will produce a serious side effect in a person using the drug is .02. In the
binomial distribution for 450 people using the drug, what are the mean and standard deviation?
Solution
450 , 98 . 02 . 0 = = = n q p

np =
450 .02 =
9 =
npq o =


450 .02 .98 =


2.97 ~

21

Exercise
An opinion poll based on a small sample can be unrepresentative of the population. To see why, let us
assume that 40% of the electorate favors a certain candidate. If a random sample of 7 is asked their
preference, what is the probability that a majority will favor this candidate?
Solution
7 , 6 . 4 . 0 = = = n q p
) 7 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( P P P P x P + + + = >

0 7
7 , 7
1 6
6 , 7
2 5
5 , 7
3 4
4 , 7
) 6 (. ) 4 (. ) 6 (. ) 4 (. ) 6 (. ) 4 (. ) 6 (. ) 4 (. ) 4 ( C C C C x P + + + = >
0.29 ~
(Better than one chance out of four)


Exercise
A multiple choice test is given with 5 choices only one is correct, for each of 5 questions. Answering each
of the 5 questions by guessing constitutes a binomial experiment with an associated binomial distribution
a) Write the function defining the distribution.
b) Compute the mean and standard deviation.
Solution

1
0.2 .8, 5
5
p q n = = = =
a)
5
5,
( ) (.2) (.8) , 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
x x
P X C x , , , , ,

= =
b) 5(.2) 1 np = = =
npq o =


5(.2)(.8) =


.894 =


Exercise
Suppose a die is rolled 4 times.
a) Find the probability distribution for the number of times 1 is rolled.
b) What is the expected number of times 1 is rolled
Solution
a) ( )
( ) ( )
4,0
0 4
5 1
0
6 6
0.482 P x C ~ = =
22

( )
( ) ( )
4,1
1 3
5 1
1
6 6
0.386 P x C ~ = =

( )
( ) ( )
4,2
2 2
5 1
2
6 6
0.116 P x C ~ = =

( )
( ) ( )
4,3
3 1
5 1
3
6 6
0.0154 P x C ~ = =

( )
( ) ( )
4,4
4 0
5 1
4
6 6
0.00077 P x C = ~ =


x 0 1 2 3 4
( ) P x 0.482 0.386 0.116 0.0154 0.00077

b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0.482 1 0.386 2 0.116 3 0.0154 4 0.00077 E x = + + + +

0.667 ~

You might also like