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    Fpgas: An Overview: Sanjiv Malik

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    Siva Krishna
    This document provides an overview of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It describes FPGAs as integrated circuits that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to implement different logic functions. FPGAs combine the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the high performance of application-specific ICs. The document outlines key FPGA facts such as their reprogrammability, faster speeds than discrete components, and vendors like Xilinx and Altera. It also compares FPGAs to other technologies and discusses their internal design, programming process, and uses in applications like signal processing, graphics, and cryptography.

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    Fpgas: An Overview: Sanjiv Malik

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    Siva Krishna
    88 views24 pages
    This document provides an overview of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It describes FPGAs as integrated circuits that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to implement different logic functions. FPGAs combine the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the high performance of application-specific ICs. The document outlines key FPGA facts such as their reprogrammability, faster speeds than discrete components, and vendors like Xilinx and Altera. It also compares FPGAs to other technologies and discusses their internal design, programming process, and uses in applications like signal processing, graphics, and cryptography.

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    This document provides an overview of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It describes FPGAs as integrated circuits that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to implement different logic functions. FPGAs combine the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the high performance of application-specific ICs. The document outlines key FPGA facts such as their reprogrammability, faster speeds than discrete components, and vendors like Xilinx and Altera. It also compares FPGAs to other technologies and discusses their internal design, programming process, and uses in applications like signal processing, graphics, and cryptography.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views24 pages

    Fpgas: An Overview: Sanjiv Malik

    Uploaded by

    Siva Krishna
    This document provides an overview of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). It describes FPGAs as integrated circuits that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to implement different logic functions. FPGAs combine the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the high performance of application-specific ICs. The document outlines key FPGA facts such as their reprogrammability, faster speeds than discrete components, and vendors like Xilinx and Altera. It also compares FPGAs to other technologies and discusses their internal design, programming process, and uses in applications like signal processing, graphics, and cryptography.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    FPGAs : An Overview

    Sanjiv Malik

    October 18, 2007

    What is Programmable Logic?


    Can be defined as an IC whose functionality can be modified On-the fly

    October 18, 2007

    Field Programmable Gate Arrays


    FPGA is an IC with ability to reconfigure its circuitry for a desired application or function at any time after manufacturing Adaptive hardware that continuously changes in response to the input data or processing environment Combination of general-purpose processors and ASICs (Application Specific IC). Quick reconfiguration time, in order of 100 S to 1 mS

    October 18, 2007

    FPGA Facts
    You can download FPGAs as many time as you want no limit - with different functionalities every time if you want. If you make a mistake in your design, just fix your "logic function", re-compile and re-download it. No PCB, solder or component to change. The designs can run much faster than if you were to design a board with discrete components, since everything runs within the FPGA, on its silicon die. FPGAs loose their functionality when the power goes away (like RAM in a computer that looses its content). You have to re-download them when power goes back up to restore the functionality.
    October 18, 2007 4

    FPGA Facts (Cont..)


    FPGAs Evolved from PALs, PLDs, Complex PLDs FPGAs comparison to other options
    Technology Custom VLSI Gate array FPGA Gates <10M <2M <100K Speed <500 MHz <200 MHz <100 MHz NRE Cost $20K-$100M $10K-$1M $100-$100K Part Cost $1-up $1-up $10-$1K Spin time weeks days/weeks minutes/hours

    FPGA Strengths: quick prototyping and time-to-market, reprogrammability, relatively easy to use FPGA Weaknesses: cost, density, speed FPGA Vendors: Xilinx, Altera, Actel, Atmel, Lucent, Cypress, QuickLogic, IBM, Motorola
    October 18, 2007 5

    FPGAs vs CPLDs
    FPGAs are "fine-grain" devices. That means that they contain a lot (up to 100000) of tiny blocks of logic with flip-flops. FPGAs are RAM based. They need to be "downloaded" (configured) at each power-up. FPGAs can contain very large digital designs FPGAs have special routing resources to implement efficiently binary counters and arithmetic functions (adders, comparators...). CPLDs are "coarse-grain" devices. They contain relatively few (a few 100's max) large blocks of logic with flip-flops. CPLDs are EEPROM based. They are active at power-up (i.e. as long as they've been programmed at least once CPLDs can contain small designs only. CPLDs do not have

    October 18, 2007

    An Example FPGA Chip

    October 18, 2007

    Where are FPGAs used?


    Some of the examples of FPGA usage are: Fast prototypes of large designs for simulation/ verification later to be implemented in ICs Signal, image processing: filters, warping, music Graphics, UART and other device controllers Military: target dependent correlation/recognition Cryptography: DES search Hardware genetic algorithms

    October 18, 2007

    FPGA internal design


    The basic structure of FPGAs is array-based, meaning that each chip comprises a twodimensional array of logic blocks that can be interconnected via horizontal and vertical routing channels. FPGAs consists of an array of CLB, IOB and programmable interconnects CLB : Configurable Logic Block IOB : Input/output block
    October 18, 2007 9

    FPGA Internal design(Cont..)

    October 18, 2007

    10

    Control Logic Block

    October 18, 2007

    11

    Example Control Logic Block

    October 18, 2007

    12

    Input/Output Block

    October 18, 2007

    13

    FPGA Development tools


    Design tools Pin Assignment tools Design Entry tools Simulation tools Synthesis tools

    October 18, 2007

    14

    FPGA Programming Steps


    1. Use a computer to describe the "logic function" that you want. You might draw a schematic, or create a text file describing the function, doesn't matter. Compile the "logic function" on your computer, using a software provided by the FPGA vendor. That creates a binary file that can be downloaded into the FPGA. Connect a cable from your computer to the FPGA, and download the binary file to the FPGA. That's it! Your FPGA behaves according to your "logic function".
    15

    2.

    3. 4.

    October 18, 2007

    Our Sample Board

    October 18, 2007

    16

    October 18, 2007

    17

    Step 1: Creating the logic[VHDL)

    October 18, 2007

    18

    Advance FPFA based system designs


    For designing microprocessor-based complex embedded systems, advance FPGAs are available. These contains gates of the order of TODO Xilings and vendors provide system design wizards to create complex systems.

    October 18, 2007

    19

    Xilings FPGA based Advance system design

    October 18, 2007

    20

    Xilings FPGA based Advance system design(Cont)

    October 18, 2007

    21

    Xilings FPGA based Advance system design(Cont)

    October 18, 2007

    22

    Conclusion
    Over time FPGAs will become the dominant form of digital logic design and implementation. Their ease of access, principally through the low cost of the devices, makes them attractive to small firms and small parts of large companies. The fast manufacturing turn-around they provide is an essential element of success in the market.

    October 18, 2007

    23

    October 18, 2007

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