STATGRAPHICS Rev.

7/18/2006

Analysis Procedures
The main STATGRAPHICS menu provides access to over 150 procedures that perform statistical analyses. Each of the procedures operates similarly: 1. Data Input Dialog Box: When first selected, the procedure displays a dialog box on which to indicate the columns containing the data to be analyzed. 2. Analysis Windows: After the data is selected, an analysis window is created with certain default tables and graphs. Each table or graph is placed into a separate pane in the analysis window. 3. Analysis Toolbar: Additional tables and graphs may be requested by clicking on buttons on the analysis toolbar, which is located beneath the main STATGRAPHICS toolbar. The analysis toolbar also contains buttons that let you interact with any of the graphs. 4. Save Results: Numerical results generated by many procedures may be saved back to a datasheet using the Save Results button on the analysis toolbar. 5. Printing Tables and Graphs: Tables and graphs may be sent to a printer. 6. Copying Tables and Graphs: Tables and graphs may also be copied to the StatGallery, the StatReporter, or other applications such as Microsoft Word. 7. Saving Graphs: Graphs may also be saved to disk as image files. Each of these main steps in an analysis is described below.

Data Input Dialog Boxes

Each procedure begins by displaying a data input dialog box that requests the data to be analyzed by the selected procedure. The data input dialog box for the Simple Regression procedure is shown below:

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This dialog box has two required data fields, Y and X, and one optional field, (Select). Optional fields are indicated by parentheses. Common to all data input dialog boxes are: 1. Variable list the list box on the left displays all columns in the datasheets. To enter a name into a field, click on it once to highlight the name and then click on the arrow button to the left of the field where the name is to be written. 2. Sort column names indicates whether the list of names is alphabetical or in the order that the names appear in the datasheets. The default setting may be changed using the Sort Variables Names option on the General tab of the Preferences dialog box, accessible from the main Edit menu. 3. Data fields fields such as Y and X request the primary data to be used to perform the statistical analysis. Either variable names or STATGRAPHICS expressions such as LOG(weight) may be entered into these fields. 4. Select field field where an optional selection phrase may be entered. This phrase is used to select a subset of the rows in the datasheet, rather than all of the rows. Acceptable entries in the Select field include: FIRST(k) selects the first k rows in the datasheet, where k is any positive integer. LAST(k) selects the last k rows in the datasheet. RANDOM(k) selects a random set of k rows from the datasheet. ROWS(from, to) selects a range of rows beginning with row from and ending with row to.

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STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/18/2006 Boolean expressions such as Domestic = 1 which selects rows based on one or more variables from any of the datasheets. Boolean expressions may be created using any of the following operators: & | = <> < <= > >= Boolean and Boolean or Boolean equal Boolean not equal Boolean less than Boolean less than or equal Boolean greater than Boolean greater than or equal

The and and or operators connect two Boolean expressions, as in Domestic = 1 & Type = Midsize where both conditions would have to be true for the rows to be selected. Note that non-numeric values must be enclosed in double quotes. A column of 0s and 1s. When evaluated, a Boolean expression results in a 1 if true and a 0 if false. If desired, you can manually create a column containing 0s and 1s in the datasheet and use that column name in the Select field.

5. Transform If you click in any field of the data input dialog box and press this button, a second dialog box will be displayed to help create a STATGRAPHICS expression to place in that field:

Expression: the STATGRAPHICS expression to be entered into the selected data field.

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STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/18/2006 Variables: list of column names in the datasheets. Operators: list of STATGRAPHICS operators with an indication of how many arguments each operator has. Display: press this button to display the first several values of the current expression.

Use this dialog box to create a STATGRAPHICS expression by clicking on the desired elements. When the OK button is pressed, the expression you created will be typed into the data field for you. Note that it is not necessary to use the Transform button if you would rather type an expression into a data field manually. For more information on how to construct an expression, see the document titled STATGRAPHICS Operators. After entering the desired data, press the OK button to begin the statistical procedure.

Analysis Windows
After the dialog box has been completed, a new analysis window will be opened containing the results of the statistical analysis, using all of the default system options. A typical window has multiple panes, one with each table or graph, separated by splitter bars:

Text output is placed in rich edit controls in the leftmost column, while graphs are placed in panes in the rightmost column. To enlarge a selected pane, double-click on the desired table or graph with the mouse. Double-click again to return it to its original size.

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Analysis Toolbar
Below the main STATGRAPHICS toolbar is a second toolbar called the analysis toolbar that contains buttons which control whatever analysis currently has the focus:

From left to right, the buttons perform the following operations: Input dialog: redisplays the data input dialog box so that the selection of input data variables may be changed. All tables and graphs in analysis windows are hot, in the sense that they will change whenever the specified input variables change. This can happen in two ways: 1. If the user presses the Input Dialog button, changes the variable selections on the data input dialog box, and presses OK. 2. If the data in the datasheets change. Tables: displays a choice of tables to be included in the analysis window:

The available tables depend on the statistical procedure. Graphs: displays a choice of graphs to be included in the analysis window:

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STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/18/2006 The available graphs also depend on the statistical procedure. Save results: allows numerical values generated by the statistical procedure to be saved back to one of the datasheets. This option is described in a later section of this document. Analysis options: controls options that apply to all tables and graphs in the analysis window. A dialog box will be displayed, specific to the current analysis:

If the options are changed, all of the tables and graphs are recalculated when the OK button is pressed. Pane options: controls options that apply only to the table or graph that has been maximized by double-clicking in its pane before this button is pressed. A dialog box will be displayed, specific to the current table or graph:

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If the options are changed, the selected table or graph is recalculated when the OK button is pressed. Note: in rare cases where tables and graphs are linked, such as the Frequency Table and Frequency Histogram in the One Variable Analysis procedure, additional tables or graphs may also be recalculated. The additional buttons will only be active when a graph has been maximized and support various operations for that graph. They are described in the document titled Graphics Options. Briefly: Graphics options: displays a tabbed dialog box with settings for the currently maximized graph. Add text: adds additional text to the graph. Jitter: offsets points randomly in the horizontal and/or vertical direction so that identical points do not fall exactly at the same position. Brush: interactively colors points based on the value of an additional variable. Smooth/Rotate: adds a smoother to a 2D plot or rotates a 3D plot. Identify: specifies a label to be displayed when a point is clicked on with the mouse. Exclude: excludes or includes a point from the analysis by clicking on it with the mouse. When excluded, the entire analysis is recalculated after excluding the indicated row of data. This option only applies to selected procedures.

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Save Results
Many of the analyses permit the user to save results back to one of the datasheets. This is accomplished by pushing the fourth button from the left on the analysis toolbar: . When pressed, it displays a dialog box showing the results that may be saved. For example, when running the Simple Regression procedure, the dialog box is shown below:

Save: select the item or items to save. Target Variables: specify names for the columns in which the results will be saved. Datasheet: specify the datasheet in which the results will be placed. Autosave: check this box to have the results automatically resaved whenever the analysis procedure recalculates the results. Save comments: check this box to save variable comments along with the data.

Printing Tables and Graphs

To print the tables and graphs that have been generated, two options are available: 1. Select Print from the File menu or press the Printer button on the main STATGRAPHICS toolbar. This displays the following dialog box: 2005 by StatPoint, Inc. Analysis Procedures - 8

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Print Range: You may select to print all panes within the window, all visible panes (those that have not been hidden), all text panes, or all graphics panes. Print Quality: the resolution at which the output will be printed. Print to File: if checked, the printed output will be sent to a file instead of the printer. You will be asked to specify the file name. Copies: the number of copies to be printed. Setup: Push the Setup button to select a different printer or to change printer options. All Analyses: if checked, the contents of all analysis windows will be printed. Otherwise, only the contents of the window that currently has the focus will be printed.

2. Maximize a table or graph and press the alternate mouse button. Select Print from the popup menu:

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Copying Tables or Graphs

Tables and graphs may be copied to other applications or other windows within STATGRAPHICS. Copying a Single Table or Graph to another Application To copy a single table or graph to an application such as Microsoft Word: 1. Maximize the pane containing the table or graph by double-clicking on it. 2. Press the alternate mouse button and select Copy (or press the Copy button on the main STATGRAPHICS toolbar). This places the table or graph on the Windows clipboard. 3. Load the other application, go to the position where the table or graph is to be placed, and select Paste from that applications Edit menu. Copying all Tables and Graphs to another Application The easiest way to copy all tables and graphs from the analysis window into another application is via the StatReporter: 1. Within any pane, press the alternate mouse button and select Copy Analysis to StatReporter. This places all tables and graphs in the StatReporter window. 2. Activate the StatReporter window, highlight the tables and graphs to be copied, and then press the Copy button on the main STATGRAPHICS toolbar. 3. Load the other application, go to the position where the table or graph is to be placed, and select Paste from that applications Edit menu. Copying a Graph to the StatGallery To copy a graph to the StatGallery: 1. Maximize the pane containing the graph by double-clicking on it. 2. Press the alternate mouse button and select Copy Pane to StatGallery. This places the graph on the Windows clipboard. 3. Activate the StatGallery window and locate the pane in which the graph is to be placed. Then press the alternate mouse button and select Paste from the popup menu. If a graph is already in the selected pane, a dialog box will be displayed:

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STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/18/2006 Select Replace to replace the previous graph or Overlay to draw it on top of the other graph. If overlaid, the scaling of the second graph will be adjusted if necessary to match the scaling of the graph already there.

Saving a Graph in an Image File

Single graphs may also be saved to disk as image files in the following manner: 1. Maximize the pane containing the graph to be saved by double-clicking on it. 2. Press the alternate mouse button and select Save Graph from the popup menu.. 3. Select the file in which to save the graph from the following dialog box:

File name: name of the image file to be saved. Save as type: type of image file. Available types include: Windows Metafiles (*.wmf): a metafile format that can be pasted into other applications such as Microsoft Word or PowerPoint. JPEG 24 Bit Color (*.jpg): a compact file format that can be imbedded in an html file or web page. TIF Color (*.tif): uses the Tagged Image File Format without LZW compression. PNG High Color (*.png): uses the Portable Networks Graphics format. Windows BMP High Color (*.bmp): Windows bitmaps. Note that these files may be very large.

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STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/18/2006 Encapsulated PostScript (*.eps): files often used to transfer images to commercial printers. For graphs that will later be imbedded in documents created by Windows applications, Windows metafiles are usually the most convenient. For graphs that will be viewed using a web browser, JPEG files are most commonly used.

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