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FEATURES User-Programmable Temperature Setpoint 2.0C Setpoint Accuracy 4.0C Preset Hysteresis Wide Supply Range (+2.7 V dc to +7.0 V dc) Wide Temperature Range (40 C to +150C) Low Power Dissipation (230 W @ 3.3 V) APPLICATIONS Industrial Process Control Thermal Control Systems CPU Monitoring (i.e., Pentium) Computer Thermal Management Circuits Fan Control Handheld/Portable Electronic Equipment

Low Voltage, Resistor Programmable Thermostatic Switch AD22105

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AD22105
200k RPULLUP 1 8 NC

OUT

2 SET POINT 3

VS

GND

RSET

NC

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

NC

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD22105 is a solid state thermostatic switch. Requiring only one external programming resistor, the AD22105 can be set to switch accurately at any temperature in the wide operating range of 40C to +150C. Using a novel circuit architecture, the AD22105 asserts an open collector output when the ambient temperature exceeds the user-programmed setpoint temperature. The AD22105 has approximately 4C of hysteresis which prevents rapid thermal on/off cycling.

The AD22105 is designed to operate on a single power supply voltage from +2.7 V to +7.0 V facilitating operation in battery powered applications as well as in industrial control systems. Because of low power dissipation (230 W @ 3.3 V), selfheating errors are minimized and battery life is maximized. An optional internal 200 k pull-up resistor is included to facilitate driving light loads such as CMOS inputs. Alternatively, a low power LED indicator may be driven directly.

+2.7V TO +7.0V

AD22105
TOP VIEW

RSET

1 OUT

Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit

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Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Analog Devices, Inc., 1996 One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703

AD22105SPECIFICATIONS (V = 3.3 V, T = +25C, R

S A

LOAD

= internal 200 k, unless otherwise noted)

Min Typ 0.5 0.05 4.1 Max 2.0 3.0 0.15 Units C C C/V C 400 +7.0 120 90 200 5 260 mV V A A k s

Parameter TEMPERATURE ACCURACY Ambient Setpoint Accuracy Temperature Setpoint Accuracy Power Supply Rejection HYSTERESIS Hysteresis Value OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT Output Low Voltage POWER SUPPLY Supply Range Supply Current, Output LOW Supply Current, Output HIGH INTERNAL PULL-UP RESISTOR TURN-ON SETTLING TIME

Symbol ACC ACCT PSR HYS VOL VS ISON ISOFF RPULL-UP tON

Conditions

40C TA +125C +2.7 V1 < VS < +7.0 V

ISINK = 5 mA +2.7

250

140

NOTES 1 The AD22105 will operate at voltages as low as +2.2 V. Specifications subject to change without notice.
39M C RSET = 90.3k TSET (C) + 281.6 C 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

R SET- k

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 50

25

25 50 75 100 SET POINT TEMPERATURE C

125

150

Figure 2. Setpoint Resistor Values

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AD22105
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* PIN CONFIGURATION

Maximum Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +11 V Maximum Output Voltage (Pin 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +11 V Maximum Output Current (Pin 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 mA Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . 50 C to +150C Dice Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +160C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 C to +160C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . +300C
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

RPULL-UP 1 OUT 2 GND 3 NC 4

8 NC 7 VS TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 6 RSET 5 NC

AD22105

NC = NO CONNECT

PIN DESCRIPTION

ORDERING GUIDE

Pin No. Package Option SO-8 SO-8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Description RPULL-UP, Internal 200 k (Optional) OUT GND No Connection No Connection RSET, Temperature Setpoint Resistor VS No Connection

Model AD22105AR AD22105AR-REEL7

Package Description 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC

CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD22105 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.

WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE

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AD22105Typical Performance Characteristics

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 GUARANTEED LIMIT (+)

4.4

4.2

HYSTERESIS C
GUARANTEED LIMIT ()

4.0

ERROR C

3.8

3.6

3.4
3 4 50

25

25 50 75 TEMPERATURE C

100

125

150

3.2 50

25

25 50 75 TEMPERATURE C

100

125

150

Figure 3. Error vs. Setpoint

Figure 6. Hysteresis vs. Setpoint

2.0 0.1 1.5 1.0 ERROR C 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 50 2.0 25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE C 100 125 150 +25C 40C +125C

ERROR C/%

0.3

0.5

0.7

5 VS

Figure 4. Setpoint Error Due to R SET Tolerance

Figure 7. Setpoint Error vs. Supply Voltage

90

120 VS = 7V 110

80 VS = 7V 100 IS A VS = 5V 60 VS = 3V 50 80 VS = 3V 70 70 VS = 5V 90

IS A

40 50

25

25 50 75 TEMPERATURE C

100

125

150

60 50

25

25 50 75 TEMPERATURE C

100

125

150

Figure 5. Supply Current vs. Temperature (VOUT = HIGH)

Figure 8. Supply Current vs. Temperature (VOUT = LOW)

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AD22105
0.4 250

0.3

200

0.2

TA = +25C

JA C/W

TA = +150C

VOUT

150

0.1

TA = 40C

100

0.0 1A

50 10A 100A IOUT 1mA 10mA

400

800

1200

FLOW RATE CFM

Figure 9. VOUT vs. IOUT (VOUT = LOW)

Figure 11. Thermal Resistance vs. Flow Rate

16 14 12 10 8

100 90 80

% OF FINAL VALUE

70 60

MOVING AIR (1200 CFM) STILL AIR

sec

50 40 30 20

6 4 2 0 400 800 FLOW RATE CFM 1200

10 0 0 10 20 30 TIME sec 40 50 60

Figure 10. Thermal Response vs. Flow Rate

Figure 12. Thermal Response Time

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AD22105
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The AD22105 is a single supply semiconductor thermostat switch that utilizes a unique circuit architecture to realize the combined functions of a temperature sensor, setpoint comparator, and output stage all in one integrated circuit. By using one external resistor, the AD22105 can be programmed to switch at any temperature selected by the system designer in the range of 40C to +150C. The internal comparator is designed to switch very accurately as the ambient temperature rises past the setpoint temperature. When the ambient temperature falls, the comparator relaxes its output at a somewhat lower temperature than that at which it originally switched. The difference between the switch and unswitch temperatures, known as the hysteresis, is designed to be nominally 4C.
THE SETPOINT RESISTOR

added to the value found in the specifications table. For example, consider using the AD22105 programmed to switch at +125C. Figure 4 indicates that at +125 C, the additional error is approximately 0.2C/% of RSET. If a 1% resistor (of exactly correct nominal value) is chosen, then the additional error could be 0.2C/% 1% or 0.2C. If the closest standard resistor value is 0.6% away from the calculated value, then the total error would be 0.6% for the nominal value and 1% for the tolerance or (1.006) (1.10) or 1.01606 (about 1.6%). This could lead to an additional setpoint error as high as 0.32C. For additional accuracy considerations, the thermal drift of the setpoint resistor can be taken into account. For example, consider that the drift of the metal film resistor is 100 ppm/ C. Since this drift is usually referred to +25C, the setpoint resistor can be in error by an additional 100 ppm/C (125C 25C) or 1%. Using a setpoint temperature of 125C as discussed above, this error source would add an additional 0.2C (for positive drift) making the overall setpoint error potentially 0.52C higher than the original accuracy error. Initial tolerance and thermal drift effects of the setpoint resistor can be combined and calculated by using the following equation: RMAX = RNOM (1 + ) (1 + T C (T SET 25C )) where: R MAX is the worst case value that the setpoint resistor can be at TSET, R NOM is the standard resistor with a value closest to the desired RSET, is the 25C tolerance of the chosen resistor (usually 1%, 5%, or 10%), TC is the temperature coefficient of the available resistor, TSET is the desired setpoint temperature. Once calculated, RMAX may be compared to the desired RSET from Equation 1. Continuing the example from above, the required value of RSET at a TSET of 125C is 5.566 k. If the nearest standard resistor value is 5.600 k, then its worst case maximum value at 125C could be 5.713 k. Again this is +2.6% higher than RSET leading to a total additional error of 0.52C beyond that given by the specifications table.
THE HYSTERESIS AND SELF-HEATING

The setpoint resistor is determined by the equation: RSET = 39 M C 90.3 k TSET (C ) + 281.6C Eq. 1

The setpoint resistor should be connected directly between the RSET pin (Pin 6) and the GND pin (Pin 3). If a ground plane is used, the resistor may be connected directly to this plane at the closest available point. The setpoint resistor, RSET, can be of nearly any resistor type, but its initial tolerance and thermal drift will affect the accuracy of the programmed switching temperature. For most applications, a 1% metal-film resistor will provide the best tradeoff between cost and accuracy. Calculations for computing an error budget can be found in the section Effect of Resistor Tolerance and Thermal Drift on Setpoint Accuracy. Once RSET has been calculated, it may be found that the calculated value does not agree with readily available standard resistors of the chosen tolerance. In order to achieve an RSET value as close as possible to the calculated value, a compound resistor can be constructed by connecting two resistors in series or in parallel. To conserve cost, one moderately precise resistor and one lower precision resistor can be combined. If the moderately precise resistor provides most of the necessary resistance, the lower precision resistor can provide a fine adjustment. Consider an example where the closest standard 1% resistor has only 90% of the value required for RSET. If a 5% series resistor is used for the remainder, then its tolerance only adds 5% of 10% or 0.5% additional error to the combination. Likewise, the 1% resistor only contributes 90% of 1% or 0.9% error to the combination. These two contributions are additive resulting in a total compound resistor tolerance of 1.4%.
EFFECT OF RESISTOR TOLERANCE AND THERMAL DRIFT ON SETPOINT ACCURACY

Figure 3 shows the typical accuracy error in setpoint temperature as a function of the programmed setpoint temperature. This curve assumes an ideal resistor for RSET. The graph of Figure 4 may be used to calculate additional setpoint error as a function of resistor tolerance. Note that this curve shows additional error beyond the initial accuracy error of the part and should be

The actual value of the hysteresis generally has a minor dependence on the programmed setpoint temperature as shown in Figure 6. Furthermore, the hysteresis can be affected by selfheating if the device is driving a heavy load. For example, if the device is driving a load of 5 mA at an output voltage (given by Figure 9) of 250 mV, then the additional power dissipation would be approximately 1.25 mW. With a JA of 190 C/W in free air the internal die temperature could be 0.24C higher than ambient leading to an increase of 0.24C in hysteresis. In the presence of a heat sink or turbulent environment, the additional hysteresis will be less.

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AD22105
OUTPUT SECTION

The output of the AD22105 is the collector of an NPN transistor. When the ambient temperature of the device exceeds the programmed setpoint temperature, this transistor is activated causing its collector to become a low impedance. A pull-up resistor, such as the internal 200 k provided, is needed to observe a change in the output voltage. For versatility, the optional pull-up resistor has not been permanently connected to the output pin. Instead, this resistor is undedicated and connects from Pin 7 (VS) to Pin 1 (R PULL-UP). In order to use RPULL-UP a single connection should be made from Pin 1 (RPULL-UP) to Pin 2 (OUT). The 200 k pull-up resistor can drive CMOS loads since essentially no static current is required at these inputs. When driving LS and other bipolar family logic inputs a parallel resistor may be necessary to supply the 20 A50 A IIH (High Level Input Current) specified for such devices. To determine the current required, the appropriate manufacturers data sheet should be consulted. When the output is switched, indicating an over temperature condition, the output is capable of pulling down with 10 mA at a voltage of about 375 mV. This allows for a fan out of 2 with standard bipolar logic and 20 with LS family logic. Low power indicator LEDs (up to 10 mA) can be driven directly from the output pin of the AD22105. In most cases a small series resistor (usually of several hundred ohms) will be required to limit the current to the LED and the output transistor of the AD22105.
MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS

Response of the AD22105 internal die temperature to abrupt changes in ambient temperatures can be modeled by a single time constant exponential function. Figure 11 shows typical response plots for moving and still air. The time constant, (time to reach 63.2% of the final value), is dependent on JA and the thermal capacities of the chip and the package. Table I lists the effective for moving and still air. Copper printed circuit board connections were neglected in the analysis; however, they will sink or conduct heat directly through the AD22105s solder plated copper leads. When faster response is required, a thermally conductive grease or glue between the AD22105 and the surface temperature being measured should be used.
Table I. Thermal Resistance (SO-8)

Medium Moving Air** Without Heat Sink Still Air Without Heat Sink

JA (C/Watt) 100 190

(sec)* 3.5 15

NOTES **The time constant is defined as the time to reach 63.2% of the final temperature change. **1200 CFM.

USING THE AD22105 AS A COOLING SETPOINT DETECTOR

If the AD22105 is thermally attached and properly protected, it can be used in any measuring situation where the maximum range of temperatures encountered is between 40C and +150 C. Because plastic IC packaging technology is employed, excessive mechanical stress must be avoided when fastening the device with a clamp or screw-on heat tab. Thermally conductive epoxy or glue is recommended for typical mounting conditions. In wet or corrosive environments, an electrically isolated metal or ceramic well should be used to protect the AD22105.
THERMAL ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS

The AD22105 can be used to detect transitions from higher temperatures to lower temperatures by programming the setpoint temperature 4C greater than the desired trip point temperature. The 4C is necessary to compensate for the nominal hysteresis value designed into the device. A more precise value of the hysteresis can be obtained from Figure 6. In this mode, the logic state of the output will indicate a HIGH for under temperature conditions. The total device error will be slightly greater than the specification value due to uncertainty in hysteresis.
APPLICATION HINTS EMI Suppression

The thermal environment in which the AD22105 is used determines two performance traits: the effect of self-heating on accuracy and the response time of the sensor to rapid changes in temperature. In the first case, a rise in the IC junction temperature above the ambient temperature is a function of two variables: the power consumption of the AD22105 and the thermal resistance between the chip and the ambient environment, JA. Self-heating error can be derived by multiplying the power dissipation by JA. Because errors of this type can vary widely for surroundings with different heat sinking capacities, it is necessary to specify JA under several conditions. Table I shows how the magnitude of self-heating error varies relative to the environment. A typical part will dissipate about 230 W at room temperature with a 3.3 V supply and negligible output loading. In still air, without a heat sink, Table I indicates a JA of 190C/W, which yields a temperature rise of 0.04C. Thermal rise of the die will be considerably less in an environment of turbulent or constant moving air or if the device is in direct physical contact with a solid (or liquid) body.

Noisy environments may couple electromagnetic energy into the RSET node causing the AD22105 to falsely trip or untrip. Noise sources, which typically come from fast rising edges, can be coupled into the device capacitively. Furthermore, if the output signal is brought close the RSET pin, energy can couple from the OUT pin to the RSET pin potentially causing oscillation. Stray capacitance can come from several places such as, IC sockets, multiconductor cables, and printed circuit board traces. In some cases, it can be corrected by constructing a Faraday shield around the RSET pin, for example, by using a shielded cable with the shield grounded. However, for best performance, cables should be avoided and the AD22105 should be soldered directly to a printed circuit board whenever possible. Figure 13 shows a sample printed circuit board layout with low inter-pin capacitance and Faraday shielding. If stray capacitance is unavoidable, and interference or oscillation occurs, a low impedance capacitor should be connected from the RSET pin to the GND pin. This capacitor must be considerably larger than the estimated stray capacitance. Typically several hundred picofarads will correct the problem.

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AD22105
Leakage at the RSET Pin OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).

Leakage currents at the RSET pin, such as those generated from a moist environment or printed circuit board contamination, can have an adverse effect on the programmed setpoint temperature of the AD22105. Depending on its source, leakage current can flow into or out of the RSET pin. Consequently, the actual setpoint temperature could be higher or lower than the intended setpoint temperature by about 1C for each 75 nA of leakage. With a 5 V power supply, an isolation resistance of 100 M would create 50 nA of leakage current giving a setpoint temperature error of about 0.7C (the RSET pin is near ground potential). A guard ring can be placed around the RSET node to protect against leakage from the power supply pin (as shown in Figure 13).
VS

8-Lead SOIC (SO-8)

C209961/96
0.0196 (0.50) x 45 0.0099 (0.25) 8 0 0.0500 (1.27) 0.0160 (0.41)

0.1968 (5.00) 0.1890 (4.80)

8 1 5 4

0.1574 (4.00) 0.1497 (3.80)

0.2440 (6.20) 0.2284 (5.80)

PIN 1 0.0098 (0.25) 0.0040 (0.10)

0.0688 (1.75) 0.0532 (1.35)

C1

RSET

SEATING PLANE

0.0500 0.0192 (0.49) (1.27) 0.0138 (0.35) BSC

0.0098 (0.25) 0.0075 (0.19)

GND PIN 1 OUT

Figure 13. Suggested PCB Layout

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PRINTED IN U.S.A.