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P1. Anchored Sheet Pile Wall Ouestion

The document provides information to calculate the factor of safety against heave for the bottom of several braced excavation systems in clay soils. It includes calculations for determining depth of tension cracks, earth pressure distributions, and resultant forces and bending moments. The factor of safety is calculated by taking the ratio of the ultimate bearing capacity to the applied load for a deep footing approximation when the excavation is not very long. Safety factors ranged from 0.2 to 88.1 depending on the system dimensions and properties.

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Shaminda Ambahera
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192 views10 pages

P1. Anchored Sheet Pile Wall Ouestion

The document provides information to calculate the factor of safety against heave for the bottom of several braced excavation systems in clay soils. It includes calculations for determining depth of tension cracks, earth pressure distributions, and resultant forces and bending moments. The factor of safety is calculated by taking the ratio of the ultimate bearing capacity to the applied load for a deep footing approximation when the excavation is not very long. Safety factors ranged from 0.2 to 88.1 depending on the system dimensions and properties.

Uploaded by

Shaminda Ambahera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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15

P1. ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL



Ouestion:

An anchored sheet-pile wall is constructed as shown in the figure below. By using
Rankines Earth Pressure Theory and free earth support method, determine:

a. Depth of penetration.
b. Axial anchor force if center to center spacing of two successive anchors is 2 meters.
c. Maximum bending moment in the sheet pile.


q =10 kN/m
2
(uniform surcharge)



3
10
0
z



7


Lateral spacing
of anchors =2 m.



| =35
0

c =0
D =?
=18 kN/m
3

z'



Solution:

27 . 0 )
2
35
45 ( tan )
2
45 ( tan
2 2
= = =
|
a
K

69 . 3
1
= =
a
p
K
K
Active Pressure:
a a a
K c K q z P . . 2 ). ( + =

z =0 m p
a
=10 x 0.27 =2.7 kPa
z =10 m p
a
=(10 x 18 +10) x 0.27 =51.3 kPa
z =10 +D p
a
=[ (10 +D) x 18 +10 ] x 0.27 =51.3 +4.86 D kPa

Passive Pressure:



p p p
K c K q z P . . 2 ). ( + + =

z =0 m p
p
=0 kPa
z =D m p
p
=18 x D x 3.69 =66.42 D kPa
16
q =10 kN/m
2
(uniform surcharge)


3
2.7
A



7





F
1



F
2



51.3








| =35
0

c =0
=18 kN/m
3




D

F
5


66.42 D
F
3

F
4


51.3 +4.86 D




Force (kN/m)
Moment arm
about point A (m)
Moment, M
A
(kN.m / m)
F
1
=2.7 x10 =27 2 54
F
2
=(51.3-2.7) x 10 x 0.5 =243
3.67 889.38
F
3
=51.3 x D =51.3 D
7 +D/2 359.1 D +25.6 D
2
F
4
=4.86 D x D x 0.5 = 2.43 D
2
7 +2D/3 17.01 D
2
+1.62 D
3
- F
5
=66.42 D x D x 0.5 = - 33.21 D
2

7 +2D/3 - 232.47 D
2
22.14 D
3

E F
H
=270 +51.3 D 30.78 D
2



E M
A
=0

E M
A
=943.38 +359.1 D 189.86 D
2
20.52 D
3
=0 D =2.80 m.
a) Depth of penetration : 1.2 x 2.80 =3.36 m.



b) Anchor Force : E H =0 (force equilibrium)

E H =270 +51.3 (2.80) 30.78 (2.80)
2
A =0 A =172 kN / m

R
A
=(A / cos 10) x 2 =350 kN (2 m is the lateral spacing of anchors)

10
o
A


R
A

17
c) Max. Bending Moment : (when shear , V=0)

2.7


172









z K
a
=18 (x) (0.27)


To find the location of M
max,
determine the point at which shear force is equal to 0

2.7 (x) +[18.(x).(0.27)].(x).0.5 - 172 =0
2.7 x +2.43 x
2
172 =0 x =7.88 m (distance from top)



M
max
=2.7 (7.88) (7.88 / 2) +18 (7.88)(0.27) (7.88 / 2) (7.88 / 3) 172 (7.88 - 3)
M
max
=359.24 kN.m / m
x
3
18
S
2
P2. BRACED CUTS

Question:
For the very long braced systems shown in the figures (a) and (b), when c
u
=40 kN/m
2
, |
u
=0,
=19 kN/m
3
, and there is no water, what is the factor of safety of the bottom against
heave?



(a)

B =5m
10 kN/m
2

(b)

B =5m






H=8m Clay H=8m Very deep
clay



2m


Hard layer


Solution:

(a)
B
1
=D
1
=2m B =5m
depth of
tension crack, z
cr

10 kN/m
2
=q






Clay
H




H W
1
= H B
1


b

D
1
=2m





D
1
=2m



Hard layer
S
1


q
u
=2 C
u




10 kN/m
2

10 kN/m
2

10 kN/m
2

19
Depth of tension crack;

a u a active
K C K q z P 2 ) ( + =

| = 0 K
a
= 1

p
active
= (z+q) 2 C
u
= 0

(z+q) = 2 C
u

q C
z
u
cr

=
2


For ; C
u
=40 kPa ; q=10 kPa
=19 kN/m
3


m
x q C
z
u
cr
68 . 3
19
70
19
10 40 2 2
= =




For ; B
1
=D
1
=2m
q
u
=2 C
u
=2x40 =80 kPa
H =8m ; =19 kN/m
3


taking moment about b;


Force (kN/m)
Moment arm(m),
about point b
Moment, M
b
(kN.m / m)
S
1
=(0.5xtxB
1
)xCu= (0.5xtx2)x40 =125.60 B
1
=2 251.20
S
2
=(H-z
cr
)xC
u
=(8-3.68)x40=172.80
B
1
=2 345.60
P
1
=q
u
xB
1
=2xC
u
xB
1
=2x40x2=160
0.5xB
1
=1 160
W
1
= xHxB
1
=19x8x2=304
0.5xB
1
=1 -304
W
2
=qxB
1
=10x2=20
0.5xB
1
=1 -20





34 . 2
20 304
160 60 . 345 20 . 251
=
+
+ +
= FS





20



(b)

B
1
=0.707 B


10 kN/m
2
=q
very deep clay;
B
1
=0.707 B
B
1
=0.707 x 5 =3.5 m





B =5m

S
2



H B
1


b







S
1


q
u
=2 C
u



For ; B
1
=D
1
=3.5 m
q
u
=2 C
u
=2x40 =80 kPa
H =8m ; =19 kN/m
3


taking moment about b;


Force (kN/m)
Moment arm(m),
about point b
Moment, M
b
(kN.m / m)
S
1
=(0.5xtxB
1
)xCu= (0.5xtx3.5)x40=219.80 B
1
=3.5 769.30
S
2
=(H-z
cr
)xC
u
=(8-3.68)x40=172.80
B
1
=3.5 604.80
P
1
=q
u
xB
1
=2xC
u
xB
1
=2x40x3.5=280
0.5xB
1
=1.75 490
W
1
= xHxB
1
=19x8x3.5=532
0.5xB
1
=1.75 -931
W
2
=qxB
1
=10x3.5=35
0.5xB
1
=1.75 -61.25

88 . 1
25 . 61 931
490 80 . 604 30 . 769
=
+
+ +
= FS
D
1
=B
1
=0.707 B =3.5 m
21
P3. BRACED CUTS

Question;

Determine the factor of safety of the bottom against heave for the very long braced system
shown below (hint: make reasonable assumptions).

10 kN/m
2




H
s
=4m




H
c
=4m
B =5m
1

3


3



Sand




Clay


| =33
0

=18 kN/m
3



q
u
=80 kN/m
2

1
=19 kN/m
3





Solution;

For sand, consider active earth pressure, not earth pressure at rest, because of some lateral
displacement during excavation.

K
a
=tan
2
(45 - | /2) =tan
2
(45 - 33 /2)
K
a
=0.29

B
1
=0.707x5 =3.5m

10 kN/m
2
=q


H
1
S
1

H
2

sand




active
force
clay

S
2


b




S
3


q
u
=2 C
u

D
1
=3.5m

z =0 p
a
=10 x 0.29 =2.9 kPa

z =4 p
a
=(10 +4x18) x 0.29 =23.8 kPa
P1
22
H
1
=2.9 x 4 =11.6 kN/m

H
2
=(23.8 2.9) x 4 x (1/2) =41.8 kN/m

E = 53.4 kN/m




Force (kN/m)
Moment arm
about point A (m)
Moment, M
A
(kN.m / m)
S
1
=o
n
tan| = 53.4 x tan33 = 35 3.5 122.5
S
2
=4 C
u
=4 x 40 =160
3.5 560
S
3
=0.5xtxB
1
xC
u
=0.5xtx3.5x40=220 3.5 770
P
1
=80x3.5 =280 1.75 490
W
1
=4x18x3.5=252
1.75 -441
W
2
=4x19x3.5=266
1.75 -465.5
W
3
=10x3.5=35
1.75 -61.25


0 . 2
25 . 61 5 . 465 441
490 770 560 5 . 122
=
+ +
+ + +
= FS


P4. BRACED CUTS

Question;

Find the strut loads for each level for the long braced system given below.

Horizontal struts are spaced at every 5 m. No ground water.







H=8m
B =5m
1

3


3



Stiff Clay
c
u
=100 kN/m
2

=20 kN/m
3


1
23








2.0
a
2.0


0.





0.





0


Solution;
- for strut loads, the earth pressure distribution is


1 A
A

25H=2.0


3

B B
1

5H=4.0
B
2


3

C
.25H=2.0
1 C
Area 1








Area 2



0.3
t
H =0.3x20x8=48 kN/m
2
per linear meter


area 1 2.0x48x(1/2) +2.0x48 =144 kN/m
area 2 2.0x48 +2.0x48x(1/2) =144 kN/m


taking moment wrt. point a;

3.0 A =2.0 x 48 x (2.0 / 2) +2.0 x 48 x (1/2) x (2.0 /3 +2.0)
A =74.7 kN/m
B
1
=144 74.7 =69.3 kN/m





3.0 C =2.0 x 48 x (2.0 / 2) +2.0 x 48 x (1/2) x (2.0 /3 +2.0)
C =74.7 kN/m
B
2
=144 74.7 =69.3 kN/m



spacing

Strut loads; A =74.7x 5 =373.5 kN
B =(69.3 +69.3) x 5 =693 kN
C =74.7 x 5 =373.5 kN
24
P5. BRACED CUTS

Question;

For a braced system constructed in a 10 m deep rectangular excavation in a clay, when
length L=45m ; width B=10m ; surcharge q=10kN/m
2
; unit weight =19 kN/m
2
and
unconfined compressive strength q
u
=80 kN/m
2
; and there is no water, what is the factor
of safety at the bottom against heave?

Solution;



B=10 m
q=10 kN/m
2





Clay

H=10m



10 m x 45m



If the excavation is not very long (L / B s10)

Assumption braced cut is a deep footing

square, rectangular or circular exc.




F.S. =
N
c
C
u
=

(H + q)
N
c
q
u

2(H+q)
=
ultimate bearing capacity
applied load

N
c
: bearing capacity factor
(from Fig 4.6, pp 73 of Lecture Notes)
H/B=10 / 10 =1 N
c
(square) =7.7
N
c (rect)
=(0.84 +0.16 B/ L) N
c
(square)

=(0.84 +0.16 x 10 / 45) x 7.7

=6.8

36 . 1
) 10 10 19 (
40 8 . 6
=
+
=
x
x
FS

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