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Chapter 7 Limits and Continuity

This document discusses limits and continuity of functions. It contains examples of calculating limits of various functions as x approaches values from the left and right. It also discusses determining if functions are continuous based on whether the left and right limits are equal. Graphs of functions are provided to help visualize the concepts.

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Hsk Kogilan
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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4K views7 pages

Chapter 7 Limits and Continuity

This document discusses limits and continuity of functions. It contains examples of calculating limits of various functions as x approaches values from the left and right. It also discusses determining if functions are continuous based on whether the left and right limits are equal. Graphs of functions are provided to help visualize the concepts.

Uploaded by

Hsk Kogilan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7  LIMITS AND CONTINUITY

Focus on Exam 7
1 (a) |x + 3| =

-x - 3, x < -3, x + 3, x -3.

(x + 1)(-x - 3) x+3 = -x - 1 (x + 1)(x + 3) For x -3, f(x) = x+3 =x+1 Hence, in the non-modulus form, -x - 1, x < -3, f(x) = x + 1, x -3. For x < -3, f(x) =

(b) The graph of f(x) is as shown below.


y = x 3 y

y=x+1

1 3 2 1 O 1 2 x

(c) lim f(x) = 2


x-3x-3+

lim f(x) = -2
x-3 x-3+

(d) lim f(x) does not exist because lim f(x) lim f(x).
x-3

2 (a) lim h(x) = 2


x-1

-1 + p = 2 p = 3

x = -1 is in the range -3 x < 0, so the part of the function x + p is used.

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term

(b) Since lim h(x) exists,


x-3

x-3-

lim h(x) = lim h(x)


x-3+

x2 - k x+3

(-3)2 - k = -3 + 3 k = 9 Since limh(x) exists,


x0

lim h(x) = lim h(x)


x0x0+

x+3 e x-q

0+3=e

0-q

ln 3 = -q q = -ln 3 = ln 3-1 = ln1 3 (c)  The graph of y = h(x) is as shown below. h(x) =

x 2 - 9, x + 3, 3e x,
x-q = e = ex eq ex
ln

x < -3, -3 x < 0, x 0.

y (1, 8.2)

y = 3e x
1

e 3 ex = 1 3 = 3e x

3
y = x2 9 2 1 x 1 2 4 3 2 1 O

3 (a) fog = f [g(x)] 1 = f x-3

2 2

1 1 x-3 = 2(3 + x - 3) = 2x  The domain of fog is the same as the domain of g, i.e. {x : x R, x 3}.  Because the domain cannot take the value 3, the range of fog cannot take the value 2x = 2(3) = 6.  Hence, the range of fog is {y : y R, y 6}. (b) The graph of y = fg(x) = 2x, x 3 is as shown below. =2 3+

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Fully Worked Solution

x 3

y = 2x

limfg(x) = 2(3) (c)  x3 =6 and limfg(x) = 2(3)


-

x3+


x3

=6 Since limfg(x) = limfg(x)


x3+ x3+

=6 then limfg(x) = 6

4 In the non-modulus form, f(x) =

x 2 - 1, -x2 + 1, (x - 2)(x - 3),

x < -1, -1 x < 1, x 1.

The graph of y = f(x) is as shown below.


y

2 y=x 1
2

1 1 O 1 2 3 4

y = (x 2)(x 3) x

y = x 2 + 1

(b) (i) lim f(x) = 12 - 1 x-1 =0 lim f(x) = -12 + 1 x-1 =0 f(-1) = -12 + 1 =0
+

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term

 Since lim f(x) = lim f(x)


x1x-1-

= f(-1) = 0, then f(x) is continuous at x = -1.

x-1+

(ii) lim f(x) = -12 + 1 =0 =2


x1x1+ x1


x1+

lim f(x) = (1 - 2)(1 - 3)

 Since limf(x) limf(x), then limf(x) does not exist. Hence, f(x) is not continuous at x = 1.

5 (a) In the non-modulus form, f(x) = f(x) =

x2 , x < 0, -x x2 , x 0. x

-x, x < 0, x, x 0.

In the non-modulus form,

g(x) =

-x + 3x , x < 0, 2 x + 3x , x 0. 2 x, x < 0,

g(x) =

2x, x 0. g(-x), x < 0, x 0.

(b) gf(x) = gf(x) =

{ {

g(x),

-x, x < 0, 2 x, x 0.

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Fully Worked Solution

(c) limf(x) = - 0 x0 =0 limf(x) = 2(0) x0 =0 f(0) = 2(0) =0


+

 Since limf(x) = limf(x)


x0x0+

= f(0) = 0, then f(x) is continuous at x = 0.

(d)  The graph of y = gf(x) is as shown below.


y 4

2 y = 2x y = x

3x + 1 x+2 As f(x), the denominator of f(x) 0 x+20 x -2 Hence, x = -2 is the vertical asymptote. 3x + 1 lim f(x) = lim x x x + 2 6 f(x) =

3x 1 + x x = lim x x 2 + x x 3+

1 x = lim x 2 1+ x 3+0 = 1+0 =3 Hence, y = 3 is the horizontal asymptote.

1 2 1 2

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term

The graph of y = f(x) =

3x + 1 is as shown below. x+2


y

1 2 1 O 3

x f(x)

0 1 2

1 - 3

0 Let y = f-1(x) f(y) = x 3y + 1 =x y+2 3y + 1 = xy + 2x 3y - xy = 2x - 1 y(3 - x) = 2x - 1 2x - 1 y= 3-x 2x - 1 f-1(x) = 3-x The domain of f-1 is the same as the range of f, i.e. {x : x R, x 3}. The range of f-1 is the same as the domain of f, i.e. {f-1(x) : f-1(x) R, f-1(x) -2}. 7
y y= x+1

y = x 1 1

y=x1

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Fully Worked Solution

(a) lim f(x) = -(-1) - 1 x-1 = 0


-

Substituting x = -1 into -x - 1.

x-1+

lim f(x) = -1 + 1 =0
x1-

Substituting x = -1 into x + 1. Substituting x = 1 into x + 1. Substituting x = 1 into x - 1.

lim f(x) = 1 + 1 = 2

x1+

lim f(x) = 1 - 1 =0

(b)  f(x) is continuous at x = -1 because lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(-1) x-1 x-1 = 0. f(x) is not continuous at x = 1 because lim f(x) lim f(x).
+

x1-

x1+

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

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