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Week 4 - What Is Olap

OLAP is a process for analyzing data stored in a relational database. It uses facts, which are numbers, to analyze information across multiple dimensions like time periods, products, locations etc. There are three main OLAP architectures: MOLAP stores data in a multidimensional structure, ROLAP uses relational databases, and HOLAP is a hybrid approach. The ROLLUP and CUBE operations allow generating subtotals and totals in the result set. GROUPING SETS returns only specified combinations of grouped columns. OLAP functions like window aggregates and rankings enable analytic tasks on the data.

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Angelique Garrido V
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152 views5 pages

Week 4 - What Is Olap

OLAP is a process for analyzing data stored in a relational database. It uses facts, which are numbers, to analyze information across multiple dimensions like time periods, products, locations etc. There are three main OLAP architectures: MOLAP stores data in a multidimensional structure, ROLAP uses relational databases, and HOLAP is a hybrid approach. The ROLLUP and CUBE operations allow generating subtotals and totals in the result set. GROUPING SETS returns only specified combinations of grouped columns. OLAP functions like window aggregates and rankings enable analytic tasks on the data.

Uploaded by

Angelique Garrido V
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is OLAP?

- Online analytical Processing (OLAP) is a process of data analysis for information stored in a relational database - OLAP is based on facts and all facts are numbers. The numbers in the OLAP spreadsheet are called facts. - Typical facts would be: o Sales Quantity o Sales Count o Profit o Hours of work Types of OLAP - There are three prominent architectures for OLAP systems namely: o Multidimensional Online Analytical Processing (MOLAP) o Relational Online Analytical Processing (ROLAP) o Hybrid Online Analytical Processing (HOLAP) Advantage of Using OLAP - Multidimensional - Consistently fast - Intuitive Interface - Complex calculations Using Rollup Operation - The ROLLUP operation is used when you want to get a result set showing totals and subtotals. - SYNTAX o SELECT ... o FROM ... o WHERE ... o GROUP BY ROLLUP (column1, column2, ..)

Example 1: SELECT year (order_date) AS Year, quarter (order_date) AS Quarter, COUNT (*) AS Orders FROM sales_order GROUP BY ROLLUP (Year, Quarter) ORDER BY Year, Quarter Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Example 2: SELECT year (order_date) AS Year, quarter (order_date) AS Quarter, region, COUNT (*) AS Orders FROM sales_order WHERE region IN (South,Western) AND quarter IN (1,2) GROUP BY ROLLUP (Year, Quarter, Region) ORDER BY Year, Quarter, Region Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 (NULL) 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Quarter (NULL) (NULL) 1 1 1 2 Region (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) South Western (NULL) Orders 92 43 23 12 11 20 (NULL) 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 Quarter (NULL) (NULL) 1 2 3 4 (NULL) 1 2 3 Orders 648 380 87 77 91 125 268 139 119 10

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001

2 2 (NULL) 1 1 1 2 2 2

South Western (NULL) (NULL) South Western (NULL) South Western

12 8 49 30 14 16 19 22 8

Using Cube Operation - The CUBE operation is produces subtotals for all possible combinations of the columns listed in the group by clause. - Like ROLLUP the CUBE operator provides subtotals of aggregate values in the result set. - SYNTAX o SELECT ... o FROM ... o WHERE ... o GROUP BY CUBE (Column1 column2, ..) Example 1: SELECT year (order_date) AS Year, quarter (order_date) AS Quarter, COUNT (*) AS Orders FROM sales_order GROUP BY CUBE (Year, Quarter) ORDER BY Year, Quarter Year 1 2 3 4 5 (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) (NULL) Quarter (NULL) 1 2 3 4 Orders 648 226 196 101 125

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001

(NULL) 1 2 3 4 (NULL) 1 2 3

380 87 77 91 125 268 139 119 10

Using Grouping Set Operation - GROUPING SETS allows you to compute groups on several different sets of grouping columns in the same query. - It is useful if you would like to return only part of the multidimensional result set of a cube. - SYNTAX o SELECT ... o FROM ... o WHERE ... o GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((column1, column2), (column2), ..) Example 1: SELECT year (order_date) AS Year, quarter (order_date) AS Quarter, COUNT (*) AS Orders FROM sales_order GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((Year, Quarter), (Year)) ORDER BY Year, Quarter Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 Quarter (NULL) 1 2 3 4 (NULL) Orders 380 87 77 91 125 268

7 8 9

2001 2001 2001

1 2 3

139 119 10

OLAP Functions - OLAP functions provide the capability to perform analytic task on data. - OLAP functions: o Window aggregate functions AVG MAX MIN SUM CUM_DIST DENSE_RANK PERCENT_RANK RANK ROW_NUMBER

o Window ranking function

o Row numbering functions

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