XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration in water treatment
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration XIGA process modes XIGA main parameters Large scale water treatment: examples Summary
1. Introduction
Micro Filtration
10 um 100 nm giarda crypto bacteria
Ultra Filtration
100 - 10 nm colloids viruses
Nano Filtration
10 - 1 nm colour hardness pesticides
Reverse Osmosis
< 1 nm salts
colloids viruses colour hardness pesticides salts water
colour hardness pesticides salts water
salts water
water
1. Introduction
X-Flow UF concepts: Concept
TSS (mg/l) XIGA CAPFILL 0.8 mm <50 AquaFlex AquaFlex CAPFILL 0.8 mm <100 AquaFlex AquaFlex CAPFILL 1.5 mm <200 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- AirLift AirLift (MBR) COMPACT 5.2 mm <15,000 CrossFlow COMPACT 8.0 mm <40,000
Membranes used
1. Introduction
X-Flow UF concepts: when to use what?
CrossFlow 8mm
UF Concept
AirLift (MBR) 5.2mm
AquaFlex 1.5mm
AquaFlex 0.8mm
XIGA 0.8mm
~50
~100
~200
~1,000
~15,000
~40,000
Suspended Solids level (mg/l)
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Dead-end
feed water
Cross-flow
feed water
Characteristics:
Process set-up Energy consumption Investment Operation Risk of fouling Sensitivity to feed water fluctuations
permeate
permeate
Simple Low Low Discontinuous High High
Complicated High High Continuous Low Low
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Main skills UF
Complete removal of suspended solids Partial removal dissolved matter (TOC, COD, BOD) through binding to suspended matter Removal of micro-organisms: >Log 6 removal of bacteria >Log 4 removal of viruses Superb quality as RO feed water (low SDI15) Certified for use in potable water
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
8 XIGA element L 1.5 m 40 m2
Corrugated plates: optimal hydrodynamics
0.8 mm PES fibres pore size 25 nm
Bypass tubes: minimum pressure loss in housing
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Standard skids
Membrane housings in horizontal system Multiple elements per housing Membrane housings connected to central Feed, Permeate, Backwash and Concentrate headers
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Standard Norit skids
1. T-TYPE (SS316)
No. #MH #Elem. Area (m2) Cap. (m3/h)
205 206 207 208 405 406 407 408
10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32
40 48 56 64 80 96 112 128
1600 1920 2240 2560 3200 3840 4480 5120
96 115 134 154 192 230 269 307
200 240 280 320 400 480 560 640
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Standard Norit skids
2. LYNN (HDPE)
No. #MH #Elem. Area (m2) Cap. (m3/h)
202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 404 405 406 407 408 409 410
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 64 80 96 112 128 144 160
640 960 1280 1600 1920 2240 2560 2880 3200 2560 3200 3840 4480 5120 5760 6400
38 58 77 96 115 134 154 173 192 154 192 230 269 307 346 384
80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 320 400 480 560 640 720 800
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Feed
Membrane element
Permeate
Membrane housing
Feed
2. XIGA dead-end Ultrafiltration
Element 1 interconnector Element 2
Bypass tubes: minimal pressure loss in housing
3. XIGA process modes
Filtration
3. XIGA process modes
Filtration: inside outside
membrane permeate
feed
3. XIGA process modes
Backwash
3. XIGA process modes
Backwash: outside inside
membrane backwash
concentrate
3. XIGA process modes
Chemically Enhanced Backwash
3. XIGA process modes
100
Filtration
50
Filtration
Filtration
Filtration CEB
BW
0
BW
BW
-50
flux
-100
-150
-200
-250
time
3. XIGA process modes
CEB versus CIP CIP CEB
TMP
time
3. XIGA process modes
Advantags CEB versus CIP
Lower overall TMP: - lower power consumption - less compaction of cake easier BW / chemical cleaning Fully automated: - No operator intervention required - Fast procedure (10-15 minutes) No interruption of main process No proprietary chemicals
3. XIGA process modes
Single stage UF
Feed 100% Concentrate 5-20%
Typical: Recovery 80-95%
Permeate 80-95%
3. XIGA process modes
Dual stage UF
Primary UF Feed
100% 1conc. 1perm.
Permeate
95-99,5%
Sec. UF
2conc.
2perm.
Concentrate
0,5-5% Typical: Recovery 9599,5%
4. XIGA main parameters
Flux: Yield per square meter membrane surface
Ltr/m2.h or lmh Typical (filtration): Typical (backwash): 60 125 lmh 250 lmh
TMP: Trans Membrane Pressure
Pfeed Pperm (bar) Typical (filtration): Typical (backwash): Feed Pf 0,2 0,8 bar 1,0 2,0 bar Pp Permeate
4. XIGA main parameters
Permeability: Flux corrected for Pressure & Temperature
Pressure Correction Factor Temperature Correction Factor = TMP (bar) = (-)
- impact water viscosity & membrane effect on TMP - reference temperature, mostly 20C = 1
(Ltr/m2h bar) Typical:
or (lmh/bar)
200 400 lmh/bar
4. XIGA main parameters
Filtration time: Backwash time: CEB interval: Recovery: Duration of 1 filtration period
Typical: 15 60 min
min sec
Duration of 1 backwash
Typical: 40 sec
Period between 2 CEBs
Typical: 6 48 hrs
hrs %
Average permeate flow Average feed flow
Typical: 80 - 95 %
5. Large scale water treatment
WWTP
UF
Potable water production
RO
Surface water Ground water Seawater Effluent reuse
5. Large scale water treatment
Surface water examples
Potable water Inverness (1400 m3/h) Surface water Minneapolis (11.600 m3/h) Klazienaveen, The Netherlands Irrigation Water (300 m3/h)
5. Large scale water treatment
Ground water examples
PWN Heemskerk, The Netherlands 2900 m3/h Keldgate, United Kingdom 3700 m3/h Clay Lane, United Kingdom (6700 m3/h)
5. Large scale water treatment
Sea water examples
Palm Islands Duba (7700 m3/h)
UAE Potable water 450 m3/h
5. Large scale water treatment
Effluent reuse examples
Windhoek, Namibi (850 m3/h) Melbourne, Sulaibiya, Kuwait Australie (15600 (1250 m3/h) m3/h)
6. Summary
Dead-end XIGATM Ultrafiltration:
Superb filtrate quality; complete removal of SS & micro-organisms partial removal of TOC, COD & BOD Compact design with small footprint, easy module loading and replacement Fully automated operation, easy operation Large number of applications
