4043 109 214 1960 4
4043 109 214 1960 4
4043 109 214 1960 4
Dr. Hiroyasu KIFUNE Associate Prof. (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. and Tech.) Lectures: Electric Machines, Power Electronics, Electric Propulsion System for Ships Research Area: Power Electronics
Dr. Hiroyasu KIFUNE Associate Prof. (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. and Tech.) Lectures: Electric Machines, Power Electronics, Electric Propulsion System for Ships Research Area: Power Electronics, Induction Heating Technologies Saving Energy of Ships
Agenda
Overview of Electric Propulsion Ships Comparison with Auto Motives and Ships Why Auto motives adopt Electric Propulsion? Advantage and Disadvantage Reason with kind of Ships Future view
Pantagraph
Pantagraph
Converted and Controlled
Electric Motor
Gear Box
Tires
Battery
Aux. power supply
Electric Motor
Battery
Main power supply
Electric Motor
Battery Boat
Raicho I LOA: 10m DW:3ton Passenger: 12 Lithium ion battery Permanent Magnetic Motor
LPG carrier
No.10 Izumi Maru Owner: NGL LOA: 70m DW:1,056ton Cargo: LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
Photo from <http://www.ngl.co.jp/ship8.html>
Cement carrier
Ko-zan Maru Owner: JRTT, Yamaki Transport LOA: 160m DW:22,000ton Cargo: Cement
Oil Tanker
LNG carrier
Oceanographic Ship
CHIKYU LOA:210m GT: 56,752ton Drilling Depth2,500m
FPSO
(Floating Production, Storage and Offloading system)
Power
Conventional Car
Power
Motor assisted power
Hybrid Car
Charging battery
Photo from <http://www.honda.co.jp/INSIGHT/webcatalog/color/>
Charging battery
Photo from <http://www.honda.co.jp/INSIGHT/webcatalog/color/>
Electric Vehicle
Electric vehicle is also the same and the body kinetic energy at the time of a slowdown is collected as electric power. Battery is an important key device.
Electric Vehicle
Photo from <http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.jp/i-miev/color/index.html>
How is ship?
No traffic signal, no pedestrian No brake device on the board Continue running Hardly slow down.
Kinetic Energy
If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently
Kinetic Energy
If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently
Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ
Kinetic Energy
If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated frequently
Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ
Kinetic Energy
If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated25,000 frequently
Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ
times
Kinetic Energy
If acceleration and a slowdown are repeated25,000 frequently
Weight: 1 ton Speed: 16m/s Kinetic energy: 128kJ Weight: 100,000 ton Speed: 8m/s Kinetic energy: 3.2GJ
times
Large amount of battery is needed. Ship is larger than car. Large amount of battery can be boarded. But too expensive Motivation is different with kind of ships.
Electricity demand is small. 2 Generators are equipped. Only one set of either is usually operated.
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C
Gen.
440V, 60Hz
Laod D 220V/110V
Main Engine
Photo from <http://www.mol.co.jp/ishin/engine/present/index.html> <http://www.mhi.co.jp/products/detail/mitsubishi-wartsila_diesel_engine.html>
Propeller
Electric System
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C
Propulsion System
Gen.
440V, 60Hz
Laod D 220V/110V
Cleaner transport
Convenience
Mass Transportation
Gen.
Main Engine
Laod D
Gen.
Propeller
Gen.
Gen.
Laod D
Gen.
Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Gen.
Laod C
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Motor
Motor speed can be controlled by the frequency of electric power. Generator outputs constant frequency (60Hz) Power converter supply suitable frequency and demanded power
Gen.
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Converter 60Hz AC DC Inverter DC Various frequency AC
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Laod C
Advantage 1
(Free Arrangement)
Advantage 2
(Enhance cargo space)
Advantage 2
(Enhance cargo space)
Cargo Space
G G G
C M
Engine Room
Advantage 2
(Enhance cargo space)
Cargo Space
G G G
C M
Engine Room
Advantage 3
(Reduction of resistance from sea water)
G
Resistance from sea water Engine Room
Advantage 3
(Reduction of resistance from sea water)
Improvement of vessels shape
C M
Engine Room
Advantage 4
(Communalization of replacement parts)
Gen. Engine
Main Engine
Gen. Engine
Advantage 4
(Communalization of replacement parts)
Advantage 4
(Communalization of replacement parts)
easy
Advantage 5
(Redundancy)
There is no machine which does not break down. Failure of a machine cannot be prevented thoroughly. Delay of delivery turns to business loss.
Advantage 5
(Redundancy)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Advantage 5
(Redundancy)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Advantage 6
(Low vibration and noise)
Conventional Ship Vibration induced mechanically is large amplitude and low frequency Vibration frequency is not constant Screws may loosen by vibration Main Slack of screw causes loose connection Engine Noise is also loud No technology to remove such a vibration
Advantage 6
(Low vibration and noise)
Electric Propulsion Ship Engine speed is always constant Vibration frequency also constant Tends to deal with Noise also becomes small
Gen. Engine M
Advantage 7
(Maneuvering)
Torque
Engine
Speed
Advantage 7
(Maneuvering)
Torque
Engine
Electric Motor
Speed
Advantage 7
(Maneuvering)
Torque
Engine
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Speed
Electric motor can output maximum torque in low speed region Electric motor can change over the direction of its revolution These features provides good maneuvering capability
Advantage 7
(Maneuvering)
Conventional Ship needs to help pushing and pulling by tugboat when she enter and departure port. It takes long time. Electric Propulsion Can control speed, direction, and position precisely Tugboat is necessarily unnecessary.
Photo from <http://pictrial.exblog.jp/10186697/>
Disadvantage 1
(Increasing Initial Cost)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 1
(Increasing Initial Cost)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 1
(Increasing Initial Cost)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 1
(Increasing Initial Cost)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 1
(Increasing Initial Cost)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Main Engine
Intermediate shaft bearing
Thrust bearing
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
Friction
Friction
Friction
Main Engine
Intermediate shaft bearing
Thrust bearing
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Gen.
Laod A Laod B Laod C Laod D
Gen.
96 ~ 98%
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
Laod C
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter Gen.
Generator Engine Alternator Laod A Laod B
Motor
Gen.
100%
94%
Laod C
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Motor
Gen.
93% 85~89% Power Converter 81~86% Motor
Gen.
Generator Engine Alternator Laod A Laod B Laod C
Gen.
100%
Disadvantage 2
(Decreasing Efficiency)
Motor
Gen.
93% 85~89% Power Converter 81~86% Motor
Gen.
Generator Engine Alternator Laod A Laod B Laod C
Gen.
100%
Disadvantage 3
(Vague Uneasiness)
Disadvantage 3
(Vague Uneasiness)
Difficult to specify failure parts and trouble causes.
Infrastructures are needed in many facilities for service Demand electric power is large
OK ?
Ocean current
Snake?
Oh NO!
Oil leak
LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas Main ingredient is Methane Liquefied under -161oC
LNG evaporates with heat which enters from outside a tank BOG is burned by a boiler together with heavy fuel oil as fuel.
Boiler
Thermal efficiency is low compared with the diesel engine plant. Engineers who have advanced technical knowledge and technology are needed.
Boiler
Steam Turbine
Diesel Engine
DFE Gen.
Power converter
Electric Motor
Unloading pump and Ballast pump operate simultaneously in order to keep balance Unloading Pump Ballast Pump
Ballast tank
Ice breaking capability. Advance and sternway are repeated frequently. High torque is needed in a low speed condition
Photo from <Monthly Ships, Dec. 2003>
Engine
Speed
Speed
Engine torque is not sufficient in low speed Electric motor output max torque in wide speed range
Si SiC
(Power semiconductor)
Motor
Gen.
Power Converter
Converter 60Hz AC DC Inverter DC Various frequency AC
If SiC is used as a material of power semiconductors, the efficiency of the power converter can be improved.
Thank you