UNIT I ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Part A
Problem 1 Solve the equation
( )
2
1 0 D D y + =
Solution:
The A.E is
2
1 1 4 1 3
1 0
2 2
i
m m m

+ = = = .
1 3 1 3
and ;
2 2 2
i
m o |

= = =
( ) . : cos sin
x
G S y e A x B x
o
| | = +
1
2
3 3
. : cos sin
2 2
x
x x
G S y e A B
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
where A, B are arbitrary constants.
Problem 2 Find the particular integral of
( )
2 2
cos sin . D a y b ax c ax + = +
Solution:
Given
( )
2 2
cos sin . D a y b ax c ax + = +
P.I
2 2 2 2
1 1
cos . sin . b ax c ax
D a D a
= +
+ +
sin cos
2 2
bx ax cx ax
a a
=
| | sin cos .
2
x
b ax c ax
a
=
Problem 3 Find the particular integral of ( )
2
1 cos
x
D y e x

+ = .
Solution:
P.I
( )
2
1
cos
1
x
e x
D

=
+
( )
2
cos
1 1
x
e
x
D

=
+
2
1
cos
x
e x
D

=
1
sin
x
e x
D

=
cos .
x
e x

=
Problem 4 Find the particular integral of
( )
2 4
4 D y x + = .
Solution:
P.I
4
2
1
4
x
D
=
+
4
2
1
4 1
4
x
D
=
| |
+
|
\ .
1
2
4
1
1
4 4
D
x

| |
= +
|
\ .
2 4
4
1
1
4 4 16
D D
x
| |
= +
|
\ .
2
4
1 4.3 4.3.2.1
4 4 16
x
x
| |
= +
|
\ .
4 2
1 3
3 .
4 2
x x
| |
= +
|
\ .
Problem 5 Solve
( )
2 2 3
6 9
x
D D y e x

+ + = .
Solution:
The A.E is
2
6 9 0 m m + + =
( )
2
3 0 m + =
3, 3 m =
C.F: ( )
3x
A Bx e

+
( )
2 3
2
1
3
x
e x
D

=
+
( )
2
3
2
2 3
x
e
x
D

=
+
( )
( )
2
2
3 2 3
2
1
1
x
x
e
x e D x
D

= = +
+
P.I
( )
2 2 3 3
1 2 3 4
x
e D D D x

= +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 3 2
2 3 3 3.2 4 3.2.1
x
e x x x

= +
( )
2 3 2
6 18 24
x
e x x x

= +
G.S. ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
6 18 24 .
x x
y A Bx e x x x e

= + + +
Problem 6 Solve
( )
2
2 1 D D y x + =
Solution:
The A.E is
2
2 4 4
2 1 0
2
m m m
+
+ = = y
1 2 m =
C.F:
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
x x
x x x x
Ae Be Ae e Be e
+

+ = +
P.I
( )
2
1
2 1
x
D D
=
+
( )
2
1
1 2
x
D D
=

( )
1
2
1 2D D x

(
= +

P.I
2
1 2 2 D D x x ( = + + =

G.S:
( )
( )
2 2
2 .
x x x
y e Ae Be x

= + +
Problem 7 Find the particular integral
( )
2 2
4 5 cos
x
D D y e x

+ + =
Solution:
P.I
2
2
1
cos
4 5
x
e x
D D

=
+ +
( )
( )
2
2
1
cos
2 1
x
e x
D

=
+ +
( )
2
2
1
cos
2 2 1
x
e x
D

=
+ +
2
2
1
cos
1
x
e x
D

=
+
P.I
2
sin .
2
x
xe
x

=
Problem 8 Solve for x from the equations x y t ' = and 1 x y' + = .
Solution:
(1) 1 1 x y t x y x y ' '' ' '' ' = = =
1 (2) 1 1 x y x x ' '' + = + =
Thus 2 x x '' + = (or)
( )
2
1 2 D x + =
2
1 0 m m i + = =
C.F. cos sin A t B t +
P.I
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
2
1
2 1 2 2
1
D
D

= = + =
+
G.S: cos sin 2. x A t B t = + +
Problem 9 Solve
3 2
3 6 8 D D D y x ( + =

.
Solution:
The A.E is
3 2
3 6 8 0 m m m + =
( )( )( ) 1 2 4 0 m m m + =
1, 2, 4 m =
2 4
1 2 3
. is
x x x
C F C e C e C e

+ +
P.I
3 2
1
3 6 8
x
D D D
=
+
3 2
1
3 6
8 1
8
x
D D D
=
(
+
(

1
3 2
1 3 6
1
8 8
D D D
x

(
= +
(

3 2
1 3 6
1 ..
8 8
D D D
x
( | |
= +
( |
\ .
1 6 1 3
.
8 8 8 4
x x
( (
= + = +
( (

Complete solution is . . y C F P I = +
2 4
1 2 3
1 3
8 4
x x x
y C e C e C e x

(
= + + + +
(

.
Problem 10 Solve the equation
2 2
4 13
x
D D y e ( + =

Solution:
Given
2 2
4 13
x
D D y e ( + =

The A.E is
2
4 13 0 m m + =
4 16 52
2
m

=
4 36
2

=
4 6
2 3
2
i
i

= =
C.F ( )
2
cos3 sin3
x
y e A x B x = +
P.I.
2
2
1
4 13
x
e
D D
=
+
2 2
1 1
4 8 13 9
x x
e e = =
+
G.S: . . y C F P I = +
y ( )
2
2
cos3 sin3 .
9
x
x
e
e A x B x = + +
Problem 11 Solve the equation
( )
5
12
x
D D y e =
Solution:
Given
( )
5
12
x
D D y e =
The A.E is
5
0 m m =
( )
4
1 0 m m =
4
1 0 m =
( )
4
0 1 0 m or m = =
( )( )
2 2
1 1 0 m m + =
0, 1, m m m i = = =
C.F | |
0
1 2 3 4 5
cos sin
x x x
C e C e C e C x C x

= + + + +
P.I
5
1
12
x
e
D D
=

( )
1
12 Replacing D by 1
1 1
x
e =

( )
4
12 Replacing D by 1
5 1
x
x
e
D
=

12 12 3
5 1 4
x x x
x x
e e xe = = =

G.S. . . y C F P I = +
| |
1 2 3 4 5
cos sin 3 .
x x x
C C e C e C x C x xe

= + + + + +
Problem 12 Solve the equation
( )
2 7
5 6 sinh3
x
D D y e x

+ + =
Solution:
The A.E is
5
5 6 0 m m + + =
( )( ) 2 3 0 m m + + =
2, 3 m =
C.F. is
2 3
1 2
x x
C e C e

+
P.I
7
2
1
sinh3
5 6
x
e x
D D

=
+ +
3 3
7
2
1
5 6 2
x x
x
e e
e
D D

| |
=
|
+ +
\ .
4 10
2 2
1 1 1
2 5 6 5 6
x x
e e
D D D D

(
=
(
+ + + +

4 10
1
2 16 20 6 10 50 6
x x
e e

(
=
(
+ +

4 10
1
2 2 34
x x
e e

(
= +
(

G.S.
4 10
2 3
1 2
.
4 68
x x
x x
e e
y C e C e


= + + +
Problem 13 Solve the equation
( )
3 2
3 4 2
x
D D D y e + =
Solution:
Given
3 2
3 4 2 0 m m m =
( )( )
2
1 2 2 0 m m m + =
1 ( ) 1 m or m i = =
Complementary function ( ) cos sin
x x
Ae e B x C x = + +
P.I
3 2
1
3 4 2
x
e
D D D
=
+
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 2
1
Replacing D by 1
1 3 1 4 1 2
x
e =
+
1 1
1 3 4 2 0
x x
e e = =
+
2
3 6 4
x
x
e
D D
=
+
( )
1
Replacing D by 1
3 6 4
x
e =
+
x
xe =
G.S: . . . y C F P I = +
( ) cos sin
x x x
Ae e B x C x xe = + + + .
Problem 14 Solve the equation
2
2
2
4 4
x
d y dy
y e
dx dx

+ + =
Solution:
Given
( )
2 2
4 4
x
D D y e

+ + =
The A.E is
2
4 4 0 m m + + =
( )( )
2
2 2 0 m m + + =
2, 2 m =
C.F.: ( )
2x
Ax B e

+
P.I
2
2
1
4 4
x
e
D D

=
+ +
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1
Replacing D by- 2
2 4 2 4
x
e

=
+ +
( )
2
1
Dr is 0
4 8 4
x
e

=
+
( )
2
Replacing D by -2
2 4
x
x
e
D

=
+
( )
2
2 2 4
x
x
e

=
+
( )
2
2
Dr is 0
2
x
x
e

=
G.S is ( )
2
2 2
.
2
x x
x
y Ax B e e

= + +
Problem 15 Solve the equation
( )
2
2 1 3
x
D D y e

+ + = +
Solution:
Given
( )
2
2 1 3
x
D D y e

+ + = +
The A.E is
2
2 1 0 m m + + =
( ) ( ) 1 1 0 m m + + =
1, 1 m =
C.F.: ( )
x
Ax B e

+
P.I =
1 2
. . P I P I +
1 2
1
.
2 1
x
P I e
D D

=
+ +
( ) ( )
( )
2
1
Replacing D by -1
1 2 1 1
x
e

=
+ +
1
1 2 1
x
e

=
+
( ) Dr is 0
2 2
x
x
e
D

=
+

( )
( ) Replacing D by -1
2 1 2
x
x
e

=
+
0
2 2
1
3
2 1
x
PI e
D D
=
+ +
( ) ( )
( )
0
2
1
3 Replacing D by 0
0 2 0 1
x
e =
+ +
G.S is ( )
2
3.
2
x x
x
y Ax B e e

= + + +
Part-B
Problem 1 Solve
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 8 4cosh sinh3 1
x x
D D y x x e e = + + + .
Solution:
The A.E. is
( )
2
2 8 0 m m =
( )( ) 4 2 0 m m + =
2, 4 m =
C.F.:
2 4 x x
Ae Be

+
R.H.S
( )
2
2
4cosh sin3 1
x x
x x e e = + + +
( )
3 3
2
2
4 1
2 2
x x x x
x x
e e e e
e e

| || | +
= + + +
| |
\ .\ .
( )
4 2 2 4 4 3 2
2 1
x x x x x x x
e e e e e e e

= + + + + +
2 4 3 0
2 1
x x x x
e e e e

= + + +
P.I.
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 4 3 0
1 1
2
4 2 4 2
x x x x
e e e e
D D D D

= + + +
+ +
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
4 3
2
1 2 1
2 4 2 8 2 1 5 4 2
x x
x
e e
e
D

= +
+
2 4 3
2 1
6 16 5 8
x x x
xe e e

=
G.S is
2 4 3
2 4
2 1
.
6 16 5 8
x x x
x x
xe e e
y Ae Be

= +
Problem 2 Solve
2
sin cos cos 2 cos3 y y x x x x '' + = +
Solution:
The A.E is
2 2
1 0 1 m m m i + = = =
C.F.: cos sin A x B x +
R.H.S
( )
| |
cos 2cos 2 cos3 cos
cos5 cos
2 2
x x x x
x x = = +
2
1
2cos cos5 2cos
4
x x x ( = +

| |
1
cos 6 cos 4 1 cos 2
4
x x x = + + +
( ) ( ) 2cos cos cos cos 3 , 2 A B A B A B A x B x = + + = = (

P.I.
( )
2
2
1
sin cos cos 2 cos3
1
x x x x
D
( = +

+
0 0
2
1 cos 2 cos 6 cos 4 cos 2
1 2 2 4 4 4 4
x x
e x x x x e
D
(
= + + + +
(
+

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 cos 2 cos 6 cos 4 cos 2 1
2 4 36 1 4 16 1 4 4 1 4
4 1
x x x x
= + + + +
+ + +
+
3 cos 2 cos 6 cos 4 cos 6 3
.
4 6 140 60 140 4
x x x x
= + +
G.S. is
cos 2 cos 4 cos 6 3
cos sin .
12 60 140 4
x x x
y A x B x = + + +
Problem 3 Solve
2
2
10 cos8 .
d x
x y
dy
+ =
Solution:
Here y is independent and x is dependent variable
Let
d
D
dy
= .
The A.E is
2
10 0 m + =
2
10 m =
10 m i =
C.F.: cos 10 sin 10 A y B y +
P.I
( )
2
1 cos8 cos8
cos8
64 10 54 10
y y
y
D

= = =
+ +
G.S. is
cos8
cos 10 sin 10
54
y
x A y B y = +
Problem 4 Solve
2
2
6 9 sin cos 2
d y dy
y x x
dx dx
+ + = .
Solution:
The A.E is
2
6 9 0 m m + + =
( )
2
3 0 m+ =
3, 3. m =
C.F.: ( )
3x
A Bx e

+
R.H.S ( )
2sin cos 2 1
sin3 sin
2 2
x x
x x = = + (

| |
1
sin3 sin
2
x x =
( ) ( ) 2sin cos sin sin A B A B A B = + + (

, 2 A x B x = =
P.I.
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
sin3 sin
2 2
3 3
x x
D D
=
+ +
2 2
1 1 1 1
sin3 sin
2 6 9 2 6 9
x x
D D D D
=
+ + + +
P.I.
1 1 1 1
sin3 sin
2 9 6 9 2 1 6 9
x x
D D
=
+ + + +
1 1 1 1
sin3 sin
12 2 8 6
x x
D D
=
+
( )
( )
( )( )
4 3 sin cos3
12 3 4 4 3 4 3
D x x
D D

=
+
( )
2
1 1 1
cos3 4sin 3cos
36 4 16 9
x x x
D

1 1 4sin 3cos
cos3
36 4 16 9
x x
x

=
+
cos3 sin 3cos
36 25 100
x x x
= +
Problem 5 Solve
( )
2 4 2
4 cos D y x x + = +
Solution:
The A.E. is
2
4 0 m + =
2 m i =
C.F.: cos 2 sin 2 A x B x +
P.I
4
2 2
1 1 1 cos 2
4 4 2
x
x
D D
+ | |
= +
|
+ +
\ .
( )
4 0
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
cos 2
4 2 2 4 4
1
4
x
x e x
D D D
= + +
+ | | +
+
|
\ .
( )
( )
( )( )
1
2
4
sin 2 1 1
1
4 4 2 4 2 2 2
x x D
x

| |
= + + +
|
\ .
2 4
4
1 1 sin 2
1
4 4 16 8 8
D D x x
x
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
4 2
12 4.3.2.1 1 sin 2
4 16 64 8 8
x x x x
= + + +
G.S. is
2 4
4 3 sin 2
cos 2 sin 2
8 4 4 8
x x x x
y A x B x = + + + +
Problem 6 Solve
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 cos 2 cosh
x
D D y x e x x + = + + .
Solution:
The A.E is
2
2 1 0 m m + =
2 4 4
1 2
2
m
+
= =
C.F.:
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 x x
Ae Be
+
+
P.I.
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1
2 cos 2
2 2 1 2 1
x x
x x
e e
x xe e x
D D D D

+
= + + +
+ +
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
2 1 1 2
x x
D D D D
=
( + +

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 2 .... D D D D x
(
= + + + + +
(

2 2 2 2
1 2 4 D D D x x ( = + + + =

( ) ( )
2
4 5 2 x x = + +
2 2
2
1
4 10
2 1
x x x
D D
= + +
+
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1
1 2 1 1
x
x
e
xe x
D D
D D
| |
= |
|
+
+ + +
\ .
2
1
2
2 1 2 2 1
x
e x
D D D
=
+ + + +
( )
2
2
4 2
x
e
x
D D
=
+ +
2
2 1
2
1 2
2
x
e
x
D
D
=
( | |
+ +
( |
\ .
1
2
1 2
2
x
D
e D x

( | |
= + +
( |
\ .
2
1 2 ...
2
x
D
e D x
( | |
= + + +
( |
\ .
| | 1 2
x
e D x = +
( )
| | ( )
2
2
2 2
2 1
x x x
xe e x x e
D D
= + = +
+
( )
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1 4 4 1 7
x
x x
e
e e
D D
= =
+ +
2 2
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2 1 2 2 1 2
x x
e x e x
D D D D

+
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
cos 2 cos 2
2 2
1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
x x
e e
x x
D D D D

= +
+ + + +
2
1 1
cos 2 cos 2
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 2
x x
e e
x x
D D D

= +
+ + + +
( )
( )( )
2 1 cos 2
cos 2
2 2 2 1 2 1 12
x x
D x e e
x
D D

+
=
+
( )
( )
2
1 cos 2
2.2sin 2 cos 2
2 12 2 4 1
x x
e e x
x x
D

= +

( )
( )
4sin 2 cos 2 cos 2
4 16 1 12
x x
x x e e x

+
=

( ) cos 2 4sin 2
cos 2
17 12
x x
e x x
e x

=
The General Solution is
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1 2 1 2
2
10 4 2
7
cos 2 4sin 2 cos 2
17 12
x
x x
x
x x
e
y Ae Be x x x e
e e
x x x
+ +

= + + + + + +

Problem 7 Solve
( )
2 2
4 cos 2 D y x x + =
Solution:
The A.E is
2
4 0 m + =
2
4 m =
2 m i =
C.F.: cos 2 sin 2 A x B x +
P.I
( )
2
2
1
cos 2
4
x x
D
=
+
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
1
. . .
4
2 4
ix
i x
e
R P of x e R P of x
D
D i
= =
+
+ +
P.I.
2 2
2
1
.
4 4 4
ix
R P of e x
D iD
=
+ +
( )
2 2 2 2
2
1 1
. .
4 4
ix ix
R P of e x R P of e x
D iD D D i
= =
+ +
2 2
1 1
.
4 1
4
ix
R P of e x
D D
i
i
=
| |
+
|
\ .
1
2
2
1
. 1
4 4
ix
e D
R P of x
i D i

| |
= +
|
\ .
2 2
2
1
. 1
4 4 16
ix
e D D
R P of x
i D i
| |
=
|
\ .
2 3 2
.
4 3 4 8
ix
ie x x x
R P of
i
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .
2 3 2
.
4 3 4 8
ix
ie x ix x
R P of
| || |
= +
| |
\ .\ .
2 3 2
.
4 3 4 8
ix
e x i x ix
R P of
| || |
= + +
| |
\ .\ .
( )
3 2
cos 2 sin 2
.
4 3 4 8
x x x i x ix
R P of
+ | |
= + +
|
\ .
2 3
1 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2
4 4 3 8
x x x x x x (
= +
(

P.I.
2 3
1 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2
4 4 3 8
x x x x x x (
= +
(

G.S.:
2 3
cos 2 sin 2 sin 2
cos 2 sin 2 .
16 12 32
x x x x x x
y A x B x = + + +
Problem 8 Solve
( )
2 2
sec D a y a x + = .
Solution:
The A.E. is
2 2
0 m a + =
2 2
m a =
m ai =
C.F.: cos sin A ax B a x +
P.I
( ) ( )
( )
1
sec 1 a x
D ai D ai
=
+
Using partial fractions
1 2
2 2
1 C C
D a D ai D ai
(
= +
(
+ +

( ) ( )
1 2
1 C D ai C D ai = + +
1 2
1 1
,
2 2
C C
ia ia
= =
P.I.
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
sec sec
2 2
ax a x
ia D ai ia D ai
= +
+
( )
1 1
sec sec
2 2
aix
aix
e
ax e a x dx
ia D ai ia

= +

}
sec sec
2 2
aix aix
aix aix
e e
e a x dx e a x dx
ia ia

= +
} }
P.I.
( ) ( ) cos i sin cos i sin
2 cos 2 cos
aix aix
ax ax ax ax e e
dx dx
ia ax ia ax

+
= +
} }
P.I. ( ) ( ) 1 tan 1 tan
2 2
aix aix
e e
i ax dx i ax dx
ia ia

= + +
} }
logsec logsec
2 2
aix aix
e i e i
x ax x ax
ia a ia a

( (
= + +
( (

| |
2
2 2
logsec
2 2 2 2
aix aix aix aix
x e e i e e
ax
a i ia

( ( +
=
( (

( )( )
2
1
sin logsec cos
x
ax ax ax
a a
=
| |
2
1
sin cos logcos ax ax ax ax
a
= +
G.S. is . . . y C F P I = +
Problem 9 Solve
( )
2 3
4 3 sin
x x
D D y e x xe

+ + = + .
Solution:
The A.E is
2
4 3 0 m m + + =
( )( ) 1 3 0 m m + + =
1, 3 m =
C.F.:
3 x x
Ae Be

+
P.I
( )( ) ( )( )
3
1 1
sin
3 1 1 3
x x
e x xe
D D D D

= +
+ + + +
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
3
sin
1 3 1 1 3 1 3 3
x x
e e
x x
D D D D

= +
+ + + + + +
( ) ( )( )
3
1 1
sin
2 4 6
x x
e x e x
D D D D

= +
+ + +
( )( )
3
2
2 1
cos
2 2 10 24
x x
D
e x e x
D D D D

= +
+ + +
( )
( )
3
2 2
1 1
sin 2cos
10 24 4
1
24 24
x
x
e
e x x x
D D D

= +

+ +
P.I.
( )
( )
1
3 2
2
1 5
sin 2cos 1
24 12 24 4
x
x
e D D
e x x x
D

(
= + + + +
(

( )
( )
3
sin 2cos 5
1
1 4 24 12
x
x
e x x e D
x

+
(
= +
(


( )
3
5
sin 2cos
5 24 12
x x
e e
x x x

| |
= + +
|
\ .
G.S. is ( )
3
3
5
sin 2cos .
5 24 12
x x
x x
e e
y Ae Be x x x

| |
= + + +
|
\ .
Problem 10 Solve the Legendres linear equation
( ) ( )
2
2 2
3 2 3 3 2 36 3 4 1 x D x D y x x
(
+ + + = + +

Solution:
Let ( ) ( )
2
2 2
3 2 3 3 2 36 3 4 1 x D x D y x x
(
+ + + + = + +

Let 3 2
t
x e + = or ( ) log 3 2 t x = +
3
3 2
dt
dx x
=
+
3 2
z
x e =
1 2
3 3
z
x e =
( ) 3 2 3 Let x D D' + =
( ) ( )
2
2
3 2 9 1 x D D D ' ' + =
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
9 1 3 3 36 3 4 1
3 3 3 3
z z
D D D y e e
( (
' ' ' + = + + (
( (

2 2
1 4 4 4 8
9 9 9 36 3 1
9 9 9 3 3
z z z
D D D y e e e
(
' ' ' ( + = + + +
(

2 2
1 4 4 4 8
9 36 1
3 3 3 3 3
z z z
D y e e e ' ( = + + +

2
1 1
3 3
z
e =
2
A.E is 9 36 0 m =
2
9 36 m =
2
4 m =
2 m =
2 2
.
z z
C F Ae Be

= +
( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 3 2 A x B x

= + + +
2
1 2
1
.
9 36 3
z
e
P I
D
=
'
2
1 1
.
3 36 36
z
e =

2
1 1
3 18
z
z e
D
=
'
2
1
54 2
z
e
z =
2
1
108
z
ze =
| |( )
2 1
log3 2 3 2
108
x x = + +
0
2 12
1
.
9 36 3
z
e
P I
D
=

0
1 1
.
3 36
z
e =

1
108
=
1 2
. . y C F P I PI = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 1 1
3 2 3 2 3 2 log 3 2
108 108
A x B x x x

= + + + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 1
3 2 3 2 3 2 log 3 2 1 .
108
A x B x x x

(
= + + + + + + +

Problem 11 Solve
( )
2 2
5 4 sin 2 1where
x
d
D D e x x D
dx

+ + = + + = .
Solution:
The
2
. 5 4 0 A E m m + + =
4 1 m or m = =
4
.
x x
C F Ae Be

= +
( )
2
2
1
. sin 2 2 1
5 4
x
P I e x x
D D

= + +
+ +
( ) ( )
( )
3 2
2 2
1 1
sin 2 1
5 1 5 1 4
4 1
4
x
e x x
D D D D
= + +
| | + + +
+
|
\ .
( )
2
3 2
2
1 1 5 5
sin 2 1 1
3 4 4 16
x
D D
e x x
D D
| |
= + + +
|
+
\ .
| |
2
1 5 13
2sin 2 3 2
26 4 2 8
x
e
x cos x x x

| |
= + + +
|
\ .
. : . . . G S y C F P I = +
( )
4 2
1 5 13
2sin 2 3cos 2 .
26 4 2 8
x
x x
e
y Ae Be x x x x

| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
Problem 12 Solve ( )
2
2
2
4 6 sin log .
d y dy
x x y x
dx dx
+ =
Solution:
Given equation is ( )
2
2
2
4 6 sin log .
d y dy
x x y x
dx dx
+ =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4 6 sin log 1 x D xD y x + =
Put ( ) log
z
x e or z x = =
( ) 2 xD D' =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 x D D D ' ' = Where D' denotes
d
dz
Sub (2) & (3) in (1) we get
( ) ( )
1 4 2 sin D D D y z ' ' ' + + =
( )( )
2
. 4 2 sin i e D D D y z ' ' ' + + =
( ) ( )
2
3 2 sin 4 D D y z ' ' + + =
The
2
. is 3 2 0 A E m m + + =
( )( ) 1 2 0 m m + + =
1, 2 m =
C.F.:
2 z z
Ae Be

+
P.I.=
2
1
sin
3 2
z
D D ' ' + +
1
sin
1 3 2
z
D
=
' + +
1
sin
3 1
z
D
=
' +
2
3 1
sin
9 1
D
z
D
'
=
'
( )
( )
2
3 1 sin
Replace D 1
9 1 1
D z
by
'
' ( =


( ) 3 sin sin
10
D z z '
=

3cos sin
10
z z
=

The solution of (4) is

2
3cos sin
10
z z
z z
y Ae Be


= + +

Sub log ,
z
z x or x e = = we get
( ) ( )
log 2log
3cos log sin log
10
x x
x x
y Ae Be


= +
( ) ( )
1 2
3cos log sin log
10
x x
y Ax Bx


= +
( ) ( )
2
3cos log sin log
10
x x A B
y
x x

= +
This gives the solution of the given differential equation.
Problem 13 Solve the simultaneous ordinary differential equation
( ) 4 3 D x y t + + = , ( )
2
2 5
t
x D y e + + =
Solution:
Given( ) ( ) 4 3 1 D x y t + + =
( ) ( )
2
2 5 2
t
x D y e + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 4 2 D +
( )( ) ( )
2
6 4 5 2 4
t
y D D y t D e + + = +
2 2
6 9 20 2 2 4
t zt
D D y t e e ( =

( )
2 2
9 14 6 2
t
D D y e t + + =
The A.E. is
2
9 14 0 m m + + =
( )( ) 7 2 0 m m + + =
2, 7 m =
C.F.:
2 7 t t
Ae Be

+
P.I.
( ) ( )
2
2 2
6 2
9 14 9 14
t
e t
D D D D
=
+ + + +
( )
2
2
6 2 1
9 4 18 14 14
1
14 14
t
e
t
D D
=
+ +
+ +
( )
1
2 2
6 1 9
1
36 7 14 14
t
e D D
t

| |
= + +
|
\ .
( )
2 2
1 9 1 9
1
6 7 14 6 7 14
t t
e D e
t t
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
G.S. is
2
2 7
9
6 7 98
t
t t
e t
y Ae Be

= + + +
To Calculate x
2
2 7
2 1
2 7
6 7
t
t t
e
Dy Ae Be

= +
2
2 7
5 5 45
5 5 5
6 7 98
t
t t
e t
y Ae Be

= + + +
( )
2
2 7
7 5 1 45
5 3 2
6 7 7 98
t
t t
e t
D y Ae Be

+ = + +
( ) ( )
2
2 2 5
t
x D y e = + +
2
2 7 2
7 5 31
3 2
6 7 98
t
t t t
e t
Ae Be e

= + + +
2 7 2
3 7 5 31
2 72 14 196
t t t
A t
x e Be e

= + +
The General solution is
2
2 7
3 5 31
2 12 14 196
t
t t
A e t
x e Be

= + +
2
2 7
9
.
6 7 98
t
t t
e t
y Ae Be

= + + +
Problem 14 Solve:
2
2
tan
d y
y x
dx
+ = by method of variation of parameters
Solution:
A.E is
2
1 0 m + =
m i =
C.F =
1 2
cos sin c x c x +
1 2
. P I PI PI = +
1
cos f x = ;
2
sin f x =
1
sin f x
'
= ;
2
cos f x
'
=
2 1 1 2
1 f f f f ' ' ' =
Now,
2
1 2 1 2
f X
P dx
f f f f
=
' '

}
= sin tan x xdx
}
=
2 2
sin ( 1 cos )
cos cos
x x
dx dx
x x
+
=
} }
= sec cos xdx xdx +
} }
= ( ) log sec tan sin x x x + +
1
1 2 1 2
f X
Q dx
f f f f
=
' '

}
= cos tan x xdx
}
= cos x

y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2

=
1 2
cos sin c x c x + + ( ) [ log sec tan sin ]cos x x x x + + cos sin x x
=
1 2
cos sin c x c x + log(sec tan ) cos cos x x x + .
Problem 15 Solve by the method of variation of parameters
2
2
4 sec2
d y
y x
dx
+ =
Solution:
The A.E is
2
4 0 m + =
2 m i =
C.F =
1 2
cos 2 sin 2 c x c x +
P.I = Pf
1
+ Qf
2
f
1
= cos 2x; f
2
= sin 2x
1
2sin 2 f x
'
= ;
2
2cos 2 f x
'
=
2 1 1 2
2 f f f f
' '
=
Now,
2
1 2 1 2
f X
P dx
f f f f
=
' '

}
=
sin 2
sec 2
2
x
xdx
}
=
( )
1 1
tan 2 log cos 2
2 4
xdx x =
}
1
1 2 1 2
f X
Q dx
f f f f
=
' '

}
=
1 1
cos 2 sec 2
2 2
x xdx x =
}
y = C.F + Pf
1
+ Qf
2
=
1 2
cos 2 sin 2 c x c x +
( )
1
log cos 2 cos 2
4
x x +
1
sin 2
2
x x +
.