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Cephalometric Analysis

This document discusses cephalometric analysis, which utilizes cephalometric tracings to quantitatively describe dental and facial morphology. There are two main approaches to cephalometric analysis - the metric approach using selected linear and angular measurements, and the graphic approach using an overlay of an individual's tracing on a reference template. Various reference lines and landmarks are used along with standardized analyses like Downs, Steiner, Tweed, and McNamara to evaluate relationships between key facial structures including the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, and teeth in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The goals are to assess normal vs deviant morphology, evaluate treatment effects, and aid in treatment planning.

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Dea Philia Swastika
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301 views24 pages

Cephalometric Analysis

This document discusses cephalometric analysis, which utilizes cephalometric tracings to quantitatively describe dental and facial morphology. There are two main approaches to cephalometric analysis - the metric approach using selected linear and angular measurements, and the graphic approach using an overlay of an individual's tracing on a reference template. Various reference lines and landmarks are used along with standardized analyses like Downs, Steiner, Tweed, and McNamara to evaluate relationships between key facial structures including the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, and teeth in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The goals are to assess normal vs deviant morphology, evaluate treatment effects, and aid in treatment planning.

Uploaded by

Dea Philia Swastika
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS

DENT 657

ANALYSIS UTILIZING THE CEPHALOMETRIC TRACING


1) Describe the subjects dento-facial morphology 2) Quantitative description of morphological deviations 3) Make diagnostic and treatment planing decisions 2) Evaluate change over time - treatment induced and growth process

Morphological Description
Skeletal - horizontal and vertical x Dental - horizontal and vertical x Comparing individual subjects tracing to the ideal x Reference sample
x

Cross-sectional Longitudinal - growth studies eg. Bolton-Brush, Ann Arbor and Burlington

Cephalometric Analyses
Downs x Steiners x Tweeds x McNamaras x OSU
x

Cephalometric Evaluation
Identification of anatomic landmarks x Landmarks: stable reference structures and maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dental x Graphically relating the dento-facial elements to these reference structures x Angular and or linear measurements
x

METHODS OF CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS


Two basic approaches x Metric approach - use of selected linear and angular measures x Graphic approach - overlay of individuals tracing on a reference template and visual inspection of degree of variation
x

Metric Method - Use of selected


linear and angular measures

Graphic Method - Use of a


Composite Template

GOALS OF CEPHALOMETRIC ANLYSIS


Evaluating relationships, both horizontal and vertical of 5 major functional components of the face: x the cranial base; x the maxilla; the mandible, x the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolus
x

REFERENCE LINES
Frankforts Horizontal (porion to orbitale) x Sella - Nasion line x True horizontal plane x True vertical plane
x

Reference Lines

sella porion

nasion orbitale

SNA SNA82 8222deg deg NA NATO TOFH FH90 9033 deg deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MAXILLA

s FH

SNB SNB80 8022deg deg N-PG N-PGTO TOFH FH 88 8866deg deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MANDIBLE

s FH

b Pg

ANB ANB2222deg deg

SKELETAL HORIZONTAL MAXILLA TO MANDIBLE

A B

FH FHTO TOGOGN GOGN22 22 55deg deg Y YAXIS AXIS59 5966 deg deg LFH LFH55% 55%OF OFTFH TFH

SKELETAL VERTICAL

S FH

GO ME GN

INTERINCISAL INTERINCISAL 130 13055deg deg

DENTAL - UPPER TO LOWER INCISOR

U1 U1TO TOFH FH110 110 55deg deg U1 U1TO TONA NA22deg 22deg U1 U1TO TONA NA4mm 4mm

DENTAL - MAXILLARY INCISOR

N FH A

L1 L1TO TONB NB25deg 25deg L1 L1TO TONB NB4mm 4mm L1 L1TO TOGOGN GOGN91 91 6deg 6deg

DENTAL - MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR

GO

B GN

NASOLABIAL NASOLABIAL ANGLE ANGLE102 10288 deg deg L.LIP L.LIPTO TOE E PLANE -2 PLANE -22mm 2mm

SOFT TISSUE

Limitations of the Metric Method


Stable reference structures are only relatively stable x Validity of landmarks x Error in landmark identification
x

Graphic Method
Template x Changes between 2 time points
x

Superimposition Method - on the


cranial base

Maxillary and mandibular superimposition

Limitations of Cephalometric Analysis


Individual variability x Ethnic variability x Gender variability
x

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