librirY

LVO'd Pencil
by Step
l'
I"
- _II
" I" (OI(Ifd I"'!lell
Contents
Introduction
Tools and Materials
Color Theory
Colored Pencil Techniques
About the Artists
Lesson 1: llaking the Best of I Limited Palette
Lesson 2: Starting with I Simple Subject
Lesson 3: Using References
Lesson 4: Drawing Animals Accurately
I.f.son 5: Arhirving I l.ikeness
Lesson 6: Composing a Landscape
Lesson 7: Capturing Mood
Lesson 8: Understanding Value
Lesson 9: Selling Up a Still Life
Lesson 10: Creating Drama wilh Contrast
Lesson 11: Utilizing Artistic License
Conclusion

Introduction
Colored pencil is a simple, versatile medium-it can be used to
replicate the look of oils, watercolor, acrylic, and more. Although it
has been used as a fine art medium for less than a century, its
popularity has grown signifcantly over the last few decades. It's
easy to understand why morc and morc artists arc atracted to
colored pencilsthey are fairly inexpensive and convenient to
transport. They are also nontoxic, easy to find in art and craf
stores, and combine well with other media. Whether you choose to
use colored pencils for sketches or to create fully rendered
drawings, you will fnd that they arc brightly hued and precise tools
Ihat are a jay to work with.
There are many diferent approaches and techniques to discover in
colored pencil art-from layering and hatching to burishing and
blending. As you explore this an fonn, you'll discover many
methods and materials that will help you realize the seemingly
endless creative possibilities working with colored pencil offers.
The important thing is to have fun while you develop your own
aristic stle-and enjoy creating your own works of art in colored
pencil
I
Wile Red Riw by .11,"11", Hickmon
Tools and Materials
You don', Ileed many supplies to get started in colored pencil, so
you won't need \0 invest a lot armoney. All you need in Ihe
beginning are a few basic colors, an eraser, a sharpener, and some
paper. (or the projects in this book, refer to pages 16-17 for the
colors the artist use in their lessons). Just remember to buy the
best supplies you can afford; with better-qualit supplies, your
artwork will stay as vibrant and colorful over time as it did when
you first created it. Then, after you've become more familiar with
the variety of eIects you can create, you may want to purchase a
few more specialized tools. As colored pencil is becoming a more
popular medium, many new products are being developed to aid
the colored pencil artist.
Pencils
As with all art supplies, the price of a pencil indicates its quality;
better pencils have truer color. Many brands offer sets of pencils
that provide a basic array of colors. Some art stores also sell
colored pencils individually-this way you can pick and choose
which hues you like best among several different brands. Once
you've chosen your palette, make sure to store your pencils upright
or safely in a container-and tr not to drop them. The lead in a
colored pencil is very brittle, and it's likely to break in the shaf if
the pencil is dropped. This may not be immediately apparent, but
will eventually render the pencil useless.
Coos;l Pendl. There nc mny types ( colored I:ncils u"ailnblc-h:"dcr,
thinncr Ic:ds ore idal for rendcring rille lines mid d"wil, "hile <oner, thicker leads
are lreat for fillil' in larlc areas. Some manufacturers make both had. thi lead
and snIt thick lend ,cr;ons of the some colors_ Experiment to fllld ",hieh type . you
prcr._
Erasers
Colored pencil artists can't use ordinary erasers to correct their
work; the friction between a rubber or vinyl eraser and the paper
will actually melt the wax pigment and fatten the tooth (or grain)
of the paper. Instead many artists use a small battery-powered
eraser to remove the pigment without crushing the paper
undereath, A kneaded eraser is also useful for removing small
amounts of color; twist or pinch it into any shape you like and then
press it lightly on the page to pick up the pigment When it gets
"diny" and is not as effective, you can knead it (like dough)
thoroughly to reveal a clean surfce.
Papers
TexlUred papers are best for colored pencil work because the rough
grain catches" the color so it accepts more pigment than a smooth
paper would. A and craf stores carry a variety of textured
watercolor papers and illustration boards that offer a good tooth for
colored pencil art; look for a paper with a medium grain to stan.
For practice or for doing quick studies on site, you'll want to have a
sketch pad or sketchbook. You might also want to consider
experimenting with different colored papers and specialty papers;
these surfaces can help you achieve some interestng effects. (See
page 13 for more infonnation on special papers.)

Colurd plpn
Tnlun: papu.
Sharpeners
You can achieve various efects depending on how sharp or dull
your pencil is, but generally you'll want to make sure your pencils
are sharpened at all times; a sharp point will ultimately provide a
smoother layer of color. Although a small hand-held sharpener will
do, an electric or batter-operated sharpener is better suited for fine
art purposes. You can also use a sandpaper pad to refine a pencil
point.
Extras
You'll need a dust brush to gently remove the pencil residue from
your paper, a spray-on fixative to presere your fnished drawing,
and a paper blending stump to create sof blends. A pencil extender
is handy when the pencil gets too shon to hold onto comfonably,
and you may want a triangle for making straight liaes and some
artists' tape for masking. It's also nice to have white gouache and a
small brush on hand for adding tiny opaque highlights.
Had-hdd sharpener
Bleding .fml'
Trlanllc
Pencl extender
Rr1L0v0O
Color Theory
Colored pencils are transparent by nature, so instead of "mixing"
colors as you would for painting, you create blends by layering
colors on top orone another. Knowing a little about basic color
theory can help you tremendously in drawing with colored pencils.
TheprimUy colors (rcd, yellow, and blue) arc the three basic
colors that can't be created by mixing other colors; all other colors
arc derived from these three. Secolldary colors (orange, green,
purple) are each a combination of two primaries, and Icrfiary colors
(red-omnge, red-purple, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green,
blue-purple) are a combination of a primary color and a secondary
color. Hlle refers to the color itself, such as blue or purple, and
illellsity means the strength or chroma of a color (usually gauged
by pressure applied or pencil qualit in colored pencil).
1uut`cc1color wheel can be a useful reference tool for undcrstandin color
rcbtionships Km)llng where eah "Iur hes on the color whool H0Kc5+lcil5)to
understand how colors relate to and react with one another
81HLuu[l1DUWen placed n-t to each other, ompkncnll)' colors create
liyc1y, excit ing contrasts. Usin! a complementnr color in the background wil1cause
your subjt t() sem to .pop' OUthe CanVaS, F"r example, you cou1d place hight
"range poppies "B"imt a blue sl1' or draw red holly herrie< amid grcc0 23C8.
Value
Value is the term used to describe the relative lightness or darkness
of a color (or of black). It is the manipulation of values that creates
the illusion of form in a drawing, as shown in the sphere on page 7,
For morc on value and colored pencil, see PrcssureH on page 8 and
"Understanding ValucH on page 48.
Complementary Colors
Complementary colors are ay two colors directly across from each
other on the color wheel (such as red and green, orange and blue, or
yellow and purple). You can actually see combinations of
complementar colors in nature-for instance, if you look at white
clouds in a blue sky, you'll notice a hint of orange in the clouds.
High K, Vrsus Low Ky 1high k) drl\\ing is filled with light "nlus and
e,okes al airy. km0fC 00ling(leil), while a 1UW key UdWl UseS mo,lly dark
,"allls and creates a more mystc'ious or somber mood (right).
1Wy8Mo" colored pencil brand., (ffcr n ,-ariety (f gray" Thcy distinguish them hy
rl ing them eithr warm" (tup row) or cool" (bouom row) and thn aJrng
percentage to indicatc lhc conccntrat;on of color, ""eh as "rool gray 2tI"t(the lower
the percentage. th" li&lter the \"alno).
1t t lN@tuFuDraw the basic "hp" Then, starting on the shJtI<nwd ide, begin
builting up color. 1ca\-ing the paper while in the ae where tile light hit directly
Varying Valu. Conti""" ading col",. srmll.lally <"1,,oinS the values to LcHthe
sphercal Con 0[100 ball. Squinl your C]U810 blur the delail so )ou can Cu>on
the vnluc ch.1ngc'.
MuunDepth Add the dorke<t '"nlue" last. As the <phere cu,ve" away llD1the
light. the ,"a lues bom darker, so place the darkest values on the side dir",!ly
oppsite {he lisl
1uut^udc8D(hi. diagrum each cu lM wag upphcd using gradun(ed
pressure-light then hea,)'. then ligh!. Then black wag applied at the top and white
was applie al the boHor (n (in( nd tonc (he colors, r"ipccli\cly
Color Psychology
Colors are often referred to in terms of "temperature," but that
doesn't mean actual heat. An easy way to understand color
temperature is to think orthe color wheel as divided into two
halves: The colors on the red side arc warm, while the colors on the
blue side are cool. Thus colors with red or yellow in thcm appear
wanner, and colors with more green or blue in them appear cooler.
For instance, if a nonnally cool color (like green) has more yellow
added to it, it will appear wanner; and if a warm color (like red)
has a little morc blue, it will seem cooler. Another important point
U remember about color temperature is that warm colors appear to
come forward, and cool colors appear to recede; this knowledge is
valuable when creating the illusion of depth in a scene.
Tints, Shades, and Tones
Pure colors can be limed with white to make them lighter, shaded
with black to make them darker, or IOICd with gray to make them
more muted. However adding a layer of black or white over a pure
color might dull the color a bit. To revive some of the orginal
intensity, go back over the tint or shade with the pure color. Also,
to tint a color without muting it, ty applying the white first and
then adding the color over it
.
.
.f
m
rl
..
f

.
t
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= " ..
Wann Vcr ..! CnnlHere dIe ""me scene \8drwn with lwo dilTcre1l1 p1icltcs, OtI
wann (lef) and one C1 (right). Nolice thal die mood i, '\fikingl)' dilTerelli in each
,.e, Thi i. bcau<; color arousc. certin fceling: for example, war colors
generally C'ln"CY lCfgy and excllcmenl, whcrca< cooler cnl",. lIsnrlly mJica(c
Q0800calm,
1uu1 uuHxmnplc, above furher illllSUle hul color can be used lDeralC
mo (lelltu righl: Complements eM create a Sense of tension. cool hucs 1d0
evoke a sense of mystery; light. cool colo," can vide a feeling of tranquility, and
wann oolnrs can .'Cale a .enS DU0!I61.
Colored Pencil Techniques
Colored pencil is amazingly satisfing to work with, partly because
it's so easily manipul ated and controlled. The way you sharpen
your pencil, the way you hold it, and the amount of pressure you
apply all affect the strokes you create. With colored pencils, you
can create everything from sof blends to brilliant highlights to
realistic textures. Once you get the basics down, you'll be able 10
decide which techniques will capture your subject's unique
qualities. There are as many techniques in the art of colored pencil
as there are effects-and the more you practice and experiment, the
more potential you will see in the images that inspire you.
Strokes
Ech line yOll nlfke in a colored pencil drawing is important-and
the direction, width, and texture of the line you draw will all
contribute to the efects you create. Practice making different
strokes, as shown ill these examples. Apply light, medium, and
heavy pressure; use the side and then the point of your pencil; and
experiment with long, sweeping strokes as well as short, precise
oes.
Light
pressure
Medium
pressure
Heav
pressure
1m uT Vary' in) Ihe amounl ofprcsurc yon uSC on YOU |encil is an easy way 1o
Imnsillon bolween \.llle._ Since CCClCtpencils arc ImnslucL'II, Ihe color of the
paper undemeJlh will ,(w Ihr(ush. With li_ht pre"sur", Ihe "olor is almost
Imllspa",nL Medium preu", creales a Snod foundation for layering. and heavy
pr",IIT l1ancn'lhc P"l'cr l0XlUlC,0HU the color apear. "lmOSl solid
J I
|| h h
NaFmnc1Q""rying Il width and weight orlhe lines jCDcreote to m.e them
m(r textured and int"stins. Th"" eaJlis'phic lin' can help creat a flins of
dimion in your draw.
|| h h
SI'OIIO and Tut! You can imite a number of difllcxts Dcrealing
p"l!ems or dots and dashes On the |1|uf To crc;,lc dense, c,cn dots. lry twi,lin! lhe
point oryour pencil on the palr.
|| h h
Hatching
The ter hatchilg refers to creating series of roughly parallel
lines. The density of color you create with hatch strokes depends
on the weight of the lines you draw and how much space you leave
between them. Cr's-halchiJ/g is laying one sct of hatched lines
over another but in the opposite direction, producing a meshlike
patter. Hatch and crss-hatch strokes can both be used to fill in an
almost solid area of color, or they can be used to create texture, as
shown at right.
Crm .. atChcHbgacn@Filling in space wi th cross-hatch Slrokcs in random
dir"ti()n creates the de, haphazard textu" shO'll ubow. For a 3I1Il!1m,mo"
evellteture. mae cross-hatch Slrchs UIWo dircliells enl)' (left leaning al d riglll
leaning)
Handling the Pencil
Although there is no single "correct" method for holding the
pencil, the way you do so will have a direct impact on the
strokes you create. Some grips will allow you to press more
firmly on the pencil, resulting in dark, dense strokes. Others
hinder the amount of pressure you can apply, effectively
rendering your strokes lighter. Still others give you greater
control over the pencil, allowing you to create fne details.
Try each of the grips below, and choose those that arc the
most comfortable and crcate the efects you desire.
Onrhad Grip Guide the pencil by laying your index finger along the
'"f Thi,; te b.llip fO ,trg pplitio" of color Idc wit he",)'
pressure.
-
Con .. lfonaJ Grp For the most c0|u|0,gasp the penci abut 1 In"
fom 1h lipHold 11 th0Se way rOl wrle, V|: |i 0p01vl tv

l)Dfirmly
agalllsi your lDlUd Tlls gnp IS perfect r or smoot applications of
ool or. a well aror maLJ :|istkeand ma.circular slroke . Tr
to t;and OI |:Opunc)g)0Oacross lPO[g0
llh"lrhon' e Quarto Publl.hing pIc
Undcland Grip Wen you emdlc lIn pencil in your haml (a, in either
example shO\\11 above). you control it by applying presSle ouly with ,e
thumb and index fiIl!C. This gip ca produce. lighler line. but keep i
mmd that "hen you hold the pencil this wny, your whole hand should
mO,'d (not just your wrist and ringe",).
Layering and Blending
Because colored pencils are translucent, artists use a transparent
layering process to either build up color or create new hues. This
layering process is wonderful because it creates a much richer hue
than you could ever achieve if you were using just one pure color.
To deepen a color, layer more of the same over it to dull iI, use its
complement. If you want to blend your strokes logether, you can
use a colorless blender, as shown at the bottom of the page.
Luyrin wilh Hllleh SItu". In Ihe examples al nghl, )l1ow, onongc, red, Md
blue were layered on lup of onc anolhn wilh clOss-lmlch Slroes to demunstrate one
way uf cre al a new culor. Tu "void gelling a hllC lhat's 100 dark bgin \ilh Ihe
IIghtcsl color attd work up 10 the darctit. This way you catl tell iflhc mix is Icllml
too muddy or deep hefore it'. too late.
\
/
Building Up C . lor lien i. a 5imple slill lifc rend er ed \i th Jayc," of hath st rokc .
The rOIll of t Ii-uil we.c built up by layering dilTcrcnl Yalucs of t he same color
nd then dulle d a bit \1tb a (ouch of the i r complcmenl_ N(tice thal l hc shOO(ws
under the fruit are blends of many diffrent colo,.: they are neWT just sr or black
Colorle .. Blender T"i special marker dissolws Ihe pigme!l, crent;nl a .mooth,
,")lid e<lo[. Appl)
'
it owr Ihe p'grJlenl, a< shm\lhere. <)r on Ihe blnnk paper bclorc
you ad color,
Usln! II C . I .. re Blldc The example at lell shows a quick study crcaK- with
colored pencils_ In the second example at righ t. a colorless hlender wa used to
blend the pigents Ntice how much smoothe the stokes appear ailer bl endi ng
The surface of the paper abo hcc"llIcS a hltle sitek aier using the blcn<kr, so uny
colors you add 0"" the blended layer will glid easily on d,, page_
Burnishing
Bllrishing (or opaque layering) is a blending technique that
requires heavy pressure to meld two or more colors, which also
flattens the tooth of the paper. Usually a heavy layer of whi te (or
another light color) is applied over darker colors to create a
smooth, shiny blend, as shown in the example below Tty not to
press too hard on the underlayers of the area you intend to burish;
if you flatten the paper too soon, the resulting blend won't be as
effective.
--
- - -

I
..
'-
I
r
\
(
,
,
,_
.1
I
,
-
Step One Bgn with J line drawing in local oolor (the act",,] color of the obi""l) so
the outline won't b visible when you',e done_ Press lightly so the outlines aren't
imprs.,d into the P"P surface, c,ealing <knt . Here the solid line, indicate where
ln. cdes will be. and tile dashes Of broken lnes denote sof edges and shadows.
SI1 T,w As ),ou r,ll in the outlines "ith la),e", or oolor, keep the penc,l" sharp.
Apply light to ",
.
wn pressure as you slowly build color from hsht to dark. US"
short, controlled strohs for a s",ooth tone, gradually Ics"'ning the pressure at the
lges to ",ake them 50f Here the darkest areas are created ",;th green, the
cOlllplement of red.
SI.,p Th r, .. ' Nextl"ycr the diOcrent vnlues of rd ,0 green, using hc,,.icr pssure.
Be se t o rill in any highligt, wi t white: thIS will act as a son ofbrri ..asain.!
s.1lUlllion !rr lhe olher colo",.
Stefl four Finish by using a senl-sha' while pncil with CIrcular strokes to burish
first the highlights a then the rest of the object You my ! to burish owr the
"mc areas morc than once t gCI an cwn hlend
Err" or Buri,hg He various olors ad tcdmi'ucs Were uee to burni,h
o,,r the .. me re hue. At far left is the or
i
gnaL lUlouchee color. To the right of
thm is I\"n the oIToct of burnishing with white, with hl\. and wilh yellow, in I:11
order. At far right a blending stump was used to bumish the color. There are also
colorl-ss (withoul pigmcn1 blending pencils available thai many artists
prcfcr-hc} arc nonloIC and coS to usc.
Special Effects and Techniques
As you're working in colored pencil, you may sometimes need to
go beyond the basics and use some specialized techniques and
materials, like the ones show here. For example, you may choose
to use black paper to provide a dramatic backdrop, lif ofT color
wilh tape to reveal highlights, or make impressed lines to create
texture. There are literally hundreds of possible techniques, so feci
free to invent your own!
Inln .. ed Line To resist color with an impressed line. draw a de,;tll on t raci ng
p.1pcr, place it ovcr your drawing paper. und tc owr it rirmly 10 Ic1w an
impressi on on the paper wrdemeath_ (You can also press I"" directly into t papr
with lOur rrgefl il Or a st)' Ill,.) Then s.",de o''r t imp.sed lines. wing the .ide
or the rend "nd light pressure to amid fIlling in lhe lllle, completely_
Using Stncil. For a stylized patter cut out a stencil and draw t shape repeatedly
on your pa] For Ihe pallem shown abow. randomly fill in Ihe 'hapes with a
,-arlety of oolor<_
u.ing TranspH"t TMpc to [raS For soft highlights. such as the light line shown
on the pencil at right. place transparen tape o"er the area. Then us a .tylus to draw
o\er the tape where you want to remo,'e color. Careflly lift of the tape: then repair
t he spots where too mwh color was lifted. Try tC8ting ts on y01 paper before
drawmg. since <ome paper. could be damaged by this techmque. And ,fthe tp
Teows too much C10T. ,tick the tare to your clothing l"t (to remove some olthc
tack) and then tl} again.
Ma.kig .. ilh Tape You ean usc rtists' t are or maskin! tare t o create dean lines
and simple borde"_ as swn above . .ust place lhe tape where you want it. apply
color owr it. anu Ihcn rCm<We it to rewal clcanlincs uerncth.
U,ing Ink l'ing a f"'clipd> prmanent marker" an IIlleresling way to create dark
values, a, in this le"f. When you I"y'f translucnt pencil uver the i, the in will
>,,,\ Ih",uh. CI alill a d.lc ,aluc "II ) uu'J gcl ,-il, I"il al,,"c. Ju>l be ,u, c
lu Usc a sU<gc-proof marker SO it ,,'on', sear on your drw
i
ng paper.
Fro"ag Ruhbing owr a k"tun' surface, lik the lcaf at right. with the side of a
pencil is a k'hnique called "jrol1age." T, creates an imprssion of the object (and
its texture) on your paper
Watcrsolublc Pencils
Watersoluble, or watercolor, pencils offer the same amount of
control and detail as regular colored pencils, but they have the
added versatilit of being similar to painting tools as well. When
you blend them with a brsh and water, the artwork you creale will
have a sofer and more painterly effect.
Special Papers
You can also use colored grounds, multimedia panels, illustration
boards, and specialty papers (such as velour, sandpaper, or mylar)
for your drawings. Each will give you a different result-some
ofer more texture or provide an undercolor, and others are bener
suited for mixed-media projects_ When choosing paper, make sure
you select onc of high quality, and test out the pencils and
techniques you plan to use ahead of lime.
Walc .. o'uhle Pcil You c bknd walcrsoluble ]ncils wuh a weI bsh (sec lop
example) to rate sl bles lie the ones sho\n (in the boUom e:amplc) in the
sk, inlhe h,ns. and on the road. !ere Ihe rest oflhe scene was created mlh rCluFnr
\,:-OOsoo colored pnils.
Colo..d Ground. If you choo" a colored support thai sharcs a dominant hue in
your drawin". you can cratc harmony amon" the colors in your drawing and saw a
'Igmfical amounl oftime-lhc paper prO"I<cS a t."iu valu 10 bu,ld color on
(sec examplc at rishl). Mk a Icst sheci frst on the bck of your paper (or on a
"rap picce of paper. a. sho\'n abow) 10 "c how Ihe colors I yOllT pa1ell \'ill be
afected by Ihe colored ground you chon"'_
Black Papcr The contrast of lisht colors on hlack pape.creates a sense of drama
Brighl, colorful subccts appe ewn bolder o"er a ,brk ground For the most
bnlllant hues, 3f'Plr a layer ofwhilc before applyin& oolor m'er II,
San.lcd Paper "Sanded paper has a gu) quality to it that lends a interesting
texture to colored pencil art. The rouSh surface will s off t point of your
pncil, <0 make sure to keep a dust brush handy to SWL' away the r",duc,
About the Artists
Debra Kaufman Yaun
A graduate of the Ringling School of A and Design in Sarasota,
Florida, Debra Yaun began her art career as a fashion illustrator
and graphic designer. Later she discovered a book on colored
pencil in a library and fell in love with the medium. Now she stays
busy with portrait commissions and nature drawings. As time
allows, she teaches an occasional a class_ Her arwork has been
published in several an magazines and books, and Debra is ajuried
member of the Porrait Society of Atlanta, where she serves on the
board of directors_ She is also a member of the Colored Pencil
Society of America_
Pat Averill
Although she considers herself primaily self-tught, Pat Averill
has attended an array of workshops and seminars on oil,
watercolor, and colored pencil. She considers the way she
figuratively "inhales" the colors, values, and shapes she obsclcs
around her to be an integral part of her artistic process. To her, the
creation oran is based on a combination of lire experiences and the
artist's reaction to the subject matter, Pat is a charter member of the
Colored Pencil Societ of Amerca, and she has won numerous
awards in juried interational exhibitions for her work in colored
pencil.
Sylvester Hickmon, Jr.
Native South Carolinian Sylvester Hickmon, 1r., became interested
in art at an early age. He received his fonal art training at South
Carolina State Universit, Orangeburg, where he eared a Bachelor
of Science in Art Education_ For the past 13 years, he has taught art
at the high school, middle school, and elementary school levels. He
also conducts workshops on drawing with colored pencil. Sylvester
has exhibited throughout the United Sttes, and his works can be
found in many private collections He has also received numerous
regional awards and national recognition for his colored pencil art.
Sylvester is a signature member of the Colored Pencil Society of
America, a member of the Sumter Artists' Guild, and serves on the
Board of Directors of te Sumter Gallery of Ar.
Color Palettes
Every artist has a group of favorite colors and brands they prefer
working with; below are the colors each artist uses for the projects
in this book. Keep in mind that the names of the colors may vary
among brands; sometimes two pencils that have the same name are
two different hues.
Debra Yaun
02003,2011 Walter Foster Publishing, Inc.
Artwork on pages I, 6-14, 38-51 0 2003 Pat AverilL
Artwork on front cover and pages 3,14,52-63 C 2003
Sylvester Hickmon,
Artwork on back cover and pages 15, 16-37,64 1 2003
Debra Kaufman Yaun. Al rights resered
Digital edition: 978-1-61059-841-5
Softcover edition: 978-1-5601-0719-4
This book has been reproduced to aid the aspiring artist.
Reproduction of the work for study or finished a is
permissible, Any art produced or photomechanically
reproduced from this publication for commercial purposes is
forbidden without written consent from the publisher, Walter
Foster Publishing, Inc.