M O D U L

Introduction to the Profile Environment

Objectives............................................................................................... 111 Drawing in Solid Edge........................................................................... 112 Working With Profile Groups ................................................................ 117 Drawing Profiles.................................................................................... 119 Drawing Sketches of Parts..................................................................... 123 Construction Geometry.......................................................................... 130 Design Modification .............................................................................. 132 IntelliSketch ........................................................................................... 150 Intent Zones............................................................................................ 158 Dimensioning Elements ......................................................................... 161 Types of Dimensions .............................................................................. 169 Dimension Groups ................................................................................. 170 Variables................................................................................................ 172 Review.................................................................................................... 181 Activity 1 Using IntelliSketch.............................................................. 183 Activity 2 More Sketching ................................................................... 197 Activity 3 More Sketching ................................................................... 205 Activity 4 Relationship Assistant......................................................... 227

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Activity 5 Using Construction Elements in Profiles ........................... 233 Summary ................................................................................................ 241

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Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to: Understand profiles and sketches and how to use them. Understand degrees of freedom, and how to eliminate them. Draw simple sketches. Use IntelliSketch when drawing sketches. Control the size and shape of sketches. Apply relationships to sketches. Place and modify dimensions. Use relationship assistant. Take advantage of drawing profiles away from reference planes.

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Drawing in Solid Edge

In Solid Edge, you can draw 2-D elements to create profiles and sketches in the Part environment, and layouts in the Assembly environment. In the Draft environment, you can use 2-D drawing tools to complete a variety of tasks such as drawing sketches from scratch in draft views, creating background sheet graphics, and defining cutting planes for section views. The drawing commands, relationships, and dimensions work similarly in all environments.

Drawing Commands and Tools

You can draw any type of 2-D geometric element in Solid Edgelines, arcs, circles, and other primitives.

Solid Edge also allows you to do the following: Move, rotate, scale, and mirror elements Trim and extend elements Add chamfers and fillets Create precision graphics from a freehand sketch Change the color of elements

Tools that work with the drawing commandsIntelliSketch, Intent Zones, and SketchPointallow you to easily relate elements to each other, define your drawing intentions as you sketch, and provide precise coordinate input relative to any key position in the drawing.

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Drawing Command Input

Solid Edge drawing commands allow you to provide input by clicking with the mouse, or by typing values in ribbon bar boxes. No strict input order is required.

It is often productive to use a combination of graphic and ribbon bar input. For example, you can type a line length in the ribbon bar box to lock the length value, press the ENTER or TAB key to lock the value, then set the line's orientation angle graphically. Or you can use the drawing command dynamics to get a graphic idea of the size and orientation you want, then type values in the ribbon bar boxes to provide more specific input. You can use the Line Color Option on the element selection ribbon bar to apply colors to profile elements. To change the color of an element, select it, and on the ribbon bar click the Line Color option to set the color you want to apply to the element. You can click the More option on the Colors dialog box to define custom colors.

Drawing Dynamics
As you draw, the software shows a temporary, dynamic display of the element you are drawing. This temporary display shows what the elements will look like if you click at the current cursor position.

Until you click the point that completely defines the element that you are drawing, values in the ribbon bar boxes update as you move the cursor. This gives you constant feedback on the size, shape, position, and other characteristics of the elements you draw. When you lock a value by typing it into a ribbon bar box, the dynamic display of the element you are drawing shows that the value is locked. For example, if you lock the length of a line, the length of the dynamic line does not change as you move the cursor to set the angle. If you want to free the dynamics for a value, you can clear the value box by double-clicking in the box and pressing the BACKSPACE or DELETE key.

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Applying and Displaying Relationships

As you draw, IntelliSketch recognizes and applies relationships that control element size, shape, and position. When you make changes, relationships help the drawing retain the characteristics you do not want altered. When a relationship indicator is displayed at the cursor, you can click to apply that relationship. For example, if the horizontal relationship indicator is displayed when you click to place the end point of a line, the line will be drawn exactly horizontal. You can also apply relationships to elements after you draw them.

Relationship handles displayed on the geometry show you how elements are related. You can remove any relationship by deleting its handle. You can display or hide the relationship handles with the Relationship Handles command.

Maintaining Relationships
Solid Edge allows you to draw and modify 2-D elements in the way that best suits your design needs. You can make your assembly layouts and drawings associative by applying relationships, or you can draw them freely. When you draw profiles in the Part environment, relationships are always maintained to help make part design changes easy. Maintaining relationships between 2-D elements makes the elements associative (or related) to each other. When you modify an element that is related to another element, the other element updates automatically. For example, if you move a circle that has a tangent relationship with a line, the line also moves so that the elements remain tangent. You can draw elements freely, or non-associatively. When you modify a non-associative portion of a layout or drawing, the changed elements move freely, without changing other portions of the design. For example, if you move a circle that is tangent to a line (but does not have a tangent relationship with the line) the line does not move with the circle. To control whether you draw and modify elements freely or associatively in the layouts and drawings, use the Maintain Relationships command in the Assembly and Draft environments.

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How Relationships Work

An element that has no relationships applied can be moved and changed in various ways. For example, when there are no relationships between two lines (A), the lines can be moved and changed without affecting each other. If you apply a perpendicular relationship between the two lines (B), and move one line, the other line moves with it.

When you apply a relationship between elements, the relationship is maintained when you modify either element. For example: If a line and an arc share a tangent relationship, they remain tangent when either is modified.

If a line and arc share a connect relationship, they remain connected when either is modified.

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Relationships also maintain physical characteristics such as size, orientation, and position. You can make the size of two circles equal with an equal relationship. You can make the orientation of two lines parallel with a parallel relationship. You can connect a line and an arc with a connect relationship.

A relationship can also maintain a physical characteristic of an individual element. For example, you can make a line horizontal. The line remains horizontal even if you change its position and length.

Command Context
The availability of 2-D drawing commands and tools is based on your current task. This ensures that you only draw elements that are valid as input for that task. For example, when you construct a Protrusion feature in Part, a layout in Assembly, or a draft view in Draft, many drawing commands are available. But when you are drawing a Cutting Plane in Draft, fewer drawing commands are available because many of the 2-D elements are not valid for a cutting plane line. For example, you cannot use an ellipse or a circle for a cutting plane line.

Element Types
Elements drawn in part profiles and assembly layouts can be profile elements or construction elements. Profile elements are part of the feature you are constructing, but construction elements are notthey are used only as drawing aids. The element types are distinguished by line style. Profile elements are solid lines, and construction elements are dashed. For most feature construction commands, profile elements are drawn by default when you use any command on the Draw toolbar. In a few cases, construction elements are the default. See the Help for each feature for details. You can change a profile element to a construction element, or a construction element to a profile element, with the Construction command on the Draw toolbar.
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Working With Profile Groups

You can use the Connect or Tangent commands to define a profile group. A profile group is an endpoint connected series of lines, arcs, elliptical arcs, or open b-spline curves that behave as one element with respect to the geometric relationship that defines the profile group. A profile group exists only within the context of the tangent or connect relationship that defines the group. Profile groups can be open or closed, but cannot be disjoint. A profile group allows you to define a single relationship that applies to more than one element. For example, you can apply a tangent relationship (A) between circle (B), and a series of endpoint connected elements (C), (D), (E), and (F).

When you move circle (B) using the Select tool or by editing a relationship that controls the position of the circle (B), it remains tangent to elements (C) through (F).

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Defining Profile Groups

You define a profile group by holding the SHIFT key within the Tangent or Connect commands, then select the elements you want to be in the profile group. For example, to apply a tangent relationship to the profile group shown previously, first select circle (B), then hold the SHIFT key and select elements (C), (D), (E), and (F). When you define a profile group using a connect relationship, a single degree of freedom connect relationship (A) is applied. For example, you can connect the center of circle (B) to elements (C), (D), (E), and (F). When you move circle (B), its center remains connected to elements (C) through (F).

You can also apply a connect or tangent relationship to two groups of elements by pressing the SHIFT key while selecting the first group of elements, then release the SHIFT key and press the SHIFT key again while selecting a second group of elements. After you define a profile group, you cannot add more elements to it. If you want to add another element, you must first delete the relationship that defines the profile group, add the elements you want, then redefine the profile group by reapplying a tangent or connect relationship. If you delete an element from a profile group and the group remains valid, the group remains in place. If you recompute the group and validation fails, the relationship that defines the group is dropped.

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Drawing Profiles
Drawing profiles is part of the feature construction process. When you select a profile-based feature command, SmartStep first guides you to define a plane to draw the profile on, then displays a view oriented to the profile plane so that you can draw the 2-D geometry easily. Note: For more information about 2-D drawing in Solid Edge, see the Drawing in Solid Edge topic. Solid Edge makes it possible for you to design as you draw. Profile modifications are automatically reflected in the feature to which the profile belongs. Solid Edge drawing tools make the process of drawing profiles fast and accurate.

Displaying a Profile Window

You can set options on the General tab of the Options dialog box that allow you to specify whether a new window is created when drawing profiles. When you set the Create a New Window option, a new window is created, which is oriented parallel to the profile plane. Working in the new window can make it easier for you to draw the profile, especially if you are a new user. You can draw the profile in the new, profile window or the active model window. After you gain experience, you can set the Do Not Create a New Window Use the Active Model Window option. When you set this option, the performance of Solid Edge is improved, since a new window does not have to be created.

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When you set the Do Not Create a New Window - Use the Active Model Window option, you can also set an option that specifies whether the active model window is reoriented to the profile plane. If you do not want to reorient the window, you can clear the Orient the Window to the Selected Plane option.

Reorienting the Profile Window

In some situations, reorienting the profile window can make it is easier to visualize a complex profile's relationship to the surrounding model geometry. For example, you can use the Rotate command on the Main toolbar, or the shortcut keys to rotate the profile view to a different orientation. You can use the Sketch View command on the Main toolbar to quickly rotate the profile view so that it is parallel to the screen.

Validating Profiles
Each type of profile-based feature has a set of requirements for the type of profile geometry it can use. For example, some features accept open profiles, others do not. When you finish drawing a profile, or accept a profile you selected from a sketch, the feature command checks to make sure the profile is valid for the feature type. If the profile is invalid, the feature command displays a dialog box that allows you to close the profile window without losing the profile geometry. Construction and reference elements are ignored during profile validation.

Undoing Profiles
At some point, you may make modifications to a profile that are undesired. At this point, you do not want to finish the profile, since closing the profile window implies you are satisfied with the profile and want to continue with the feature creation. The Undo All command lets you reset the profile to the state it was in when you entered the Profile environment. You can then close the profile window without saving any unwanted changes to the profile.

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Importing Profiles
You can paste 2-D shapes with relationships, dimensions, and variable expressions from Solid Edge Part and Draft documents into the profile window. You can also copy profiles onto the Clipboard from the profile window and paste them into the Draft environment.

Saving Profiles
You can use the Save and Save All commands to save a profile when creating or editing a profile feature. Saving Profiles During Feature Creation When you save a profile during the initial creation of a feature, the feature is saved as a failed feature. If you save a profile during a feature creation and then delete all profile elements and attempt to finish the profile without creating the feature, the feature is listed in PathFinder in a rolled back state. If you cancel the command before completing the feature, the feature is deleted. If you exit the file without saving, and then reopen the file, the feature appears in PathFinder as a failed feature. If you save when exiting the file, you will have to delete the feature the next time you open the file. If you save a profile that would fail profile validation during feature creation, then make corrections to the profile, and then finish the feature, the feature is listed as a good feature in PathFinder. However, if you exit without saving the profile, and reopen the file, the feature appears as a failed feature in PathFinder. Saving Profiles During Feature Edit If you save a profile when you are editing a feature that was previously created and saved to a file, the feature appears as a failed feature. The feature is then treated like a failed feature. If profile validation occurs when you exit a profile after saving the profile, you will be prompted to save the profile as a failed feature and the feature will appear as a failed feature in PathFinder.

Saving Unfinished Profiles

If you attempt to finish a profile that is invalid for the feature you are constructing, Solid Edge allows you to close the Profile environment without losing the profile geometry. If your profile is invalid, the Profile Validation dialog box is displayed. If the feature can be saved as a failed feature or can be converted to a sketch, the Save the Profile Geometry in a Failed Feature and Save the Profile Geometry as a Sketch options are available. With features involving multiple profiles on separate planes, such as sweep and lofts, the feature cannot be

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saved as a failed feature. In these cases, you can only save the profile geometry as a sketch. In every case, you can select the Return to Profile Environment option to return to the Profile environment, where you can attempt to correct the profile.

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Drawing Sketches of Parts

Drawing sketches allows you to establish the basic functional requirements of a part before you construct any features. You can draw a sketch on any reference plane using the Sketch command in the Part, Sheet Metal, and Weldment environments. Then you can use these sketches to create profilebased features.

Sketching a part before modeling it gives you several advantages: Allows you to draw multiple profiles on one reference plane. Allows you to define relationships, such as tangency or equality, between profiles on different reference planes. Allows you to draw the profiles you want without creating the subsequent features until later.

Drawing Sketches
When you click the Sketch button and then select a reference plane or planar face, a profile view is displayed. You can then use the drawing commands to draw 2-D geometry. Note: For more information about 2-D drawing in Solid Edge, see the following related topics: Drawing in Solid Edge and Drawing Profiles. You can add dimensions and relationships to control the positions and sizes of the profiles. You can also define functional relationships using the Variables command. You can use the Save and Save All commands to save the sketch while you create them. When you have finished drawing, close the profile view using the Finish button on the ribbon bar.

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Sketches and Feature PathFinder

Sketches are represented in the Feature PathFinder tab on the EdgeBar tool just like features are. You can display or hide them from the feature tree with the PathFinder Display: Sketches command on the shortcut menu. You can use Feature PathFinder to reorder or rename a sketch just as you would any feature.

Displaying Sketches
You can control the display of all the sketches in a document or individual sketches. To display or hide all sketches, use the Show All: Sketches and Hide All: Sketches commands on the Tools menu. To display or hide individual sketches, select a sketch in the application window or Feature PathFinder, then use the Show and Hide commands on the shortcut menu. When a sketch is active, it is displayed using the Profile color. When a sketch is not active, it is displayed using the Construction color. You can set the colors you want using the Options command on the Tools menu.

Using Sketches to Construct Features

You can use sketches to construct features in the following ways: Directly, by clicking the Select From Sketch button on the feature SmartStep ribbon bar. Indirectly, by clicking the Draw button on the feature SmartStep ribbon bar and then associatively copying sketch geometry onto the active profile plane using the Include command.

Using Sketches Directly

You can use sketch profiles directly if no modifications to the profile are required. When constructing a feature, click the Select From Sketch button on the feature SmartStep ribbon bar. You can then select one or more sketch profiles. When you click the Accept button on the ribbon bar, the profiles you selected are checked to make sure they are valid for the type of feature you are constructing. For example, if you are constructing a base feature, the profile you select must be closed. If you select an open profile or more than one profile, an error message is displayed. You can then select the Cancel button on the ribbon bar to clear the selected profiles.

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Features constructed using sketched profiles are associative to the sketch and will update when the sketch is edited.

Using Sketches Indirectly

If the sketch profile requires modification before using it to construct a feature, you must first copy it to the active profile plane using the Include command. When you click the Draw Profile button on the feature SmartStep ribbon bar, and define the profile plane you want, a profile view is displayed. You can then use the Include command to copy elements from sketch profiles to the active profile plane. After you have copied sketch elements, you can use the drawing commands to modify them. For example, you may need to add elements to the profile not contained in the sketch. You can also add dimensions and relationships between the elements on the active profile plane and the sketch.

The sketched elements you copy are associative to the sketch and will update if the sketch dimensions are edited.

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Editing and Modifying Sketches

You can modify sketch elements using the ribbon bar or the element's handles. When you modify an element, other elements may also change. Selecting Elements You can use the Select Tool to select elements in several ways: To select an individual element, position the cursor over the element and click when the element highlights. To select multiple elements, press the CTRL or the SHIFT key while you select the elements. To select all 2D elements, press CTRL+A. The Select Tool command does not need to be active for this to work. To deselect an element, press the SHIFT or CTRL key and click the element. To select multiple elements using a fence, drag the cursor to define a rectangular fence. You can use the Selection Options button on the Select Tool ribbon bar to specify the selection criteria you want.

Ribbon Bars After you select an element, you can modify it by changing its values on a ribbon bar. For example, you can change the length of a line by typing a new value in the Length box on the ribbon bar. Element Handles You can use an element's handles to modify an element. A element handle is represented by a solid square on the element, such as the end of a line or the center of an arc. You can dynamically drag a handle to modify an element. First, select the element, then drag the handle to modify it. Lines Drag a handle to modify the length or angle of a line. Arcs Drag an endpoint, midpoint, or center point handle to modify an arc. Fillets and Chamfers Drag the handle to modify the size of a fillet or chamfer.

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Sketches and Revolved Features

Sketches that are used for constructing revolved features must have an axis defined in the sketch. If you select a sketch profile that does not have an axis, an error message is displayed. You will have to cancel the revolved feature you are constructing, then open the sketch to define the axis.

Sketches and the Swept and Loft Commands

Drawing sketches can be especially useful when constructing swept and lofted features. Because the Sketch command allows you to define relationships between profiles on separate planes, you can more easily define the relationships you need to control these features properly. Additionally, the ability to exit a sketch profile window without creating a feature can be especially useful when drawing the profiles for swept and lofted features.

Tear-Off Sketch Command

Copies or moves sketch elements from one reference plane to another. This allows you to quickly create cross sections without defining a plane, creating a sketch, and including geometry.

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You can use the resulting sketch as input for constructing a feature such as a swept surface.

You can use the Tear-Off Sketch option dialog box to: Copy sketch elements associatively Copy sketch elements non-associatively Move sketch elements

When selecting the sketch to tear off, you can select a single sketch element or a chain of sketch elements. You can only tear off sketch elements within the same sketch. If you select multiple sketch elements, all the elements are copied or moved either associatively or non-associatively. You cannot copy some of the elements associatively and some of them non-associatively. Once you copy or move the elements to the new sketch, you can use the Reposition button on the Tear-Off Sketch SmartStep ribbon bar to connect keypoints of an element profile to a pierce point that passes through the target reference plane. You can connect multiple keypoints on a torn off sketch to multiple keypoints. For example, you can connect keypoints on a sketch to multiple guide curves. You have to select the Reposition button for each new position definition.

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Insert Image Command

Inserts an image into a profile or sketch. You can insert a Windows bitmap image file (.bmp), a JPEG image file (.jpg), or a TIFF image file (.tif). You can either link or embed the image, and you can control its display, including height, width, and aspect ratio. Inserted images can contribute to your modeling workflow in several ways. For example, you can sketch geometry over an image to create features based on it. Or you can use an image as a label or decal on a plane or planar face in the model.

Insert an Image
1. While in a sketch or profile, on the Insert pulldown menu, click Image. 2. On the Insert Image dialog box, specify an image file and click OK. 3. Use the SmartStep ribbon bar to change the image's height, width, angle, horizontal/vertical display, and aspect ratio as needed. 4. Click Finish. Tips:

You can specify a transparent color and image opacity setting on the Insert Image dialog box. You can use an image's shortcut menu to control its horizontal or vertical display and its aspect ratio.

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Construction Geometry
You can use construction geometry to help you draw and constrain a profile, but the construction geometry is not used to construct the surfaces for the feature. When the profile is validated, the construction geometry is ignored. The Construction command on the Draw toolbar is used to change a profile element into construction element. Construction elements use the double-chain line style so you can distinguish them from profile elements.

For example, you can use 45 degree construction lines to control the location of the tabs on the profile.

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The construction lines make it easier to edit the location of the tabs, but the construction lines are not used to produce the solid model.

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Design Modification
Solid Edge provides a wide range of tools for modifying designs. Drawing and modification tools work together smoothly, so that you can modify your sketches as you go along.

Using Element Handles

You can change the size, position, or orientation of an element with the mouse pointer. When you select an element with the Select Tool, its handles are displayed at key positions.

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You can change the shape of a selected element by dragging one of its handles. The first figure shows the effect of dragging an end point handle. The second figure shows the effect of dragging the midpoint handle.

Moving and Copying Elements With the Mouse

You can also drag a selected element to move it without changing its shape.

Note: The element's handles do not need to be displayed for you to move it. If they are displayed, and you want to move the element and not modify it, position the mouse pointer so it is not over a handle.

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To copy an element, hold the CTRL key while you drag.

Applying Relationships Between Elements

You can apply relationships as you draw or after you draw. To apply relationships between existing elements, select a relationship command from the Relationships or Draw toolbar and select the elements you want to relate. When you apply a relationship between elements, the elements are modified to reflect the relationship. Note: In the Draft environment, the relationship commands are on the Relationships toolbar. When creating parts and assemblies, they are on the Draw toolbar, which is displayed when you edit a profile or layout.

If a line and arc are not tangent (A), applying a tangent relationship modifies one or both elements to make them tangent (B).

When you use relationship commands, the software allows you to select only elements that are valid input for that command. For example, when you use the Concentric command, the command allows you to select only circles, arcs, and ellipses.

Changing Relationships
You can delete a relationship like you would delete any other element by selecting a relationship handle, then selecting the Delete command. Relationships are automatically deleted when necessary to allow a modification to occur. For example, if you rotate an element that has a horizontal relationship applied to it, the relationship is automatically deleted.
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Dimensions As Relationships
Driving dimensions are relationships that allow you to maintain characteristics such as the size, orientation, and position of elements. When you place a driving dimension on or between elements, you can change the measured elements by editing their dimensional values. You do not have to delete or redraw elements at different sizes. For example, you can dimension the radius of an arc to maintain its size (A), and then edit the value of the radius dimension to change its size (B).

To create dimensional relationships, select a dimension command and click the elements you want to control.

Changing Elements with Relationships

When you modify 2-D elements, elements with maintained relationships automatically update to honor the relationship. For example, if you move an element that shares a parallel relationship with another element, the other element moves as needed to remain parallel. If a line and an arc share a tangent relationship, they remain tangent when either is modified. If you want to change an element by adding or removing a relationship, and the element does not change the way you expect, it may be controlled by a driving dimension. You can toggle the dimension from driving to driven, then make the change.

Element ModificationTrimming, Extending, Filleting, Chamfering, Offsetting, and Stretching

Whether your sketching technique is to start big and whittle away or to start small and build up, relationships make it possible to sketch and evolve, rather than draw every element to its exact measurements. Solid Edge modification tools allow you to change a sketch and still maintain applied relationships.

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Solid Edge provides commands to trim or extend elements.

The Trim command trims an element back to the intersection with another element. To use the command, click on the part to trim.

You can trim one or more elements by dragging the mouse cursor across the part to trim.

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You can also select the elements you want to trim to. This selection overrides the default option of trimming to the next element only. To select an element to trim to, press the CTRL key while selecting the element to trim to. For example, in normal operations, if you selected line (A) as the element to be trimmed, it would be trimmed at the intersection of the next element (B). However, you can select the edges (C) and (D) as the elements to trim to and the element will be trimmed at the intersection of those edges.

The Trim Corner command creates a corner by extending two open elements to their intersection.

The Extend to Next command extends an open element to the next element. To do this, select the element and then click the mouse near the end to extend.

You can also select an element to extend to. This selection overrides the default option of extending to the next element only. To select an element to extend to, press the CTRL key while selecting the element to extend to. For example, in normal operations, if you selected line (A) as the element to be extended, it would be extended to the intersection of the next element (B). However, you can select edge (C) to extend the line to that edge.

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Fillet and Chamfer commands combine drawing and trimming operations.

The Offset command draws a uniform-offset copy of selected elements.

You cannot select model edges with this command. If you want to offset model edges, use the Include command. The Symmetric Offset command draws a symmetrically offset copy of a selected center line.

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The Stretch Fence command moves elements within the fence and stretches elements that overlap the fence.

Note: The Stretch Fence command is available only in the Draft environment. Relationships are added or removed as necessary during element modification. If you trim part of a circle and more than one arc remains, concentric and equal relationships are applied between the remaining arcs.

For example, you typically begin designing with key design parameters. You would draw known design elements in proper relation to one another (A) and then draw additional elements to fill in the blanks (B).

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As you draw, you may need to modify elements to create a valid profile, or to make a drawing look the way you want it to (C-F). You can use modification commands such as Trim and Extend to modify the elements. The relationships are maintained and additional relationships are applied.

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Element ManipulationRotating, Scaling, Mirroring, Copying, and Deleting

Tools are provided for moving, rotating, scaling, and mirroring elements. These tools can also be used for copying. For example, you can make a mirror copy, or you can cut or copy 2-D elements from another application and paste them into the profile window, the assembly layout window, or a drawing.

When you manipulate elements that have relationships, the relationships are retained when possible. For example, if you make a copy of two related elements, the relationship is also copied. However, if you copy one of two elements that are related to each other, the relationship is not copied. Relationships that are no longer applicable after a manipulation are automatically deleted. For example, if you delete one of a pair of parallel lines, the parallel relationship is deleted from the remaining line.

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The Rotate command turns or turns and copies 2-D elements about an axis. The command requires you to specify a center point for the rotation (A), a point to rotate from (B), and a point to rotate to (C).

The Scale command uses a scale factor to proportionally scale or scale and copy 2-D elements. The Mirror command mirrors or mirror copies 2-D elements about a line or two points.

The Delete command removes 2-D elements from the profile or sketch window.

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Geometric Relationships
Geometric relationships control the orientation of an element with respect to another element or reference plane. For example, you can define a tangent relationship between a line and an arc. If the adjoining elements change, the tangent relationship is maintained between the elements.

Geometric relationships control how a sketch changes when edits are made. IntelliSketch displays and places geometric relationships as you draw. After you complete the sketch, you can use the various relationship commands to apply additional geometric relationships.

Relationship Handles
Relationship handles are symbols used to represent a geometric relationship between elements, keypoints, and dimensions, or between keypoints and elements. The relationship handle shows that the designated relationship is being maintained. Relationship Collinear Connect (1 degree of freedom) Connect (2 degrees of freedom) Concentric Equal Horizontal/Vertical Tangent Handle

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Tangent (Tangent + Equal Curvature) Tangent (Parallel Tangent Vectors) Tangent (Parallel Tangent Vectors + Equal Curvature) Symmetric Parallel Perpendicular Link (local) Link (peer-to-peer) In some cases, more than one relationship may be required and displayed at the same location on the profile. For example, a connect relationship and a tangent relationship can be used where an arc meets a line.

Collinear
The Collinear command forces two lines to be collinear. If the angle of one of the lines changes, the second line changes its angle and position to remain collinear with the first.

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Connect
The Connect command joins a keypoint on one element to another element, or element keypoint. For example, you can apply a connect relationship between the endpoints of two elements. Establishing a connect relationship between element endpoints helps you draw a closed sketch. The symbol for connected endpoints displays a dot at the center of a rectangle.

You can also use the Connect command to connect the endpoint of an element to any point on another element, not necessarily an endpoint or keypoint. This is called a point-on-element connection, and the symbol resembles an X. For example, the endpoint of the top horizontal line on the right side of the profile is connected to the vertical line, but not at an endpoint.

When drawing profiles, pay close attention to the relationship indicator symbols that IntelliSketch displays, and try to draw the elements as accurately as possible. Otherwise, you may accidentally apply a connect relationship in the wrong location, which can result in an invalid profile. For example, for a base feature you may accidentally create an open profile, rather than the required closed profile.

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Tangent
The Tangent command maintains tangency between two elements or element groups.

When you apply a tangent relationship, you can use the Tangent ribbon bar to specify the type of tangent relationship you want: Tangent Tangent + Equal Curvature Parallel Tangent Vectors Parallel Tangent Vectors + Equal Curvature

A simple tangent relationship is useful when you want a line and an arc, or two arcs to remain tangent. The other options are useful in situations where a b-spline curve must blend smoothly with other elements. The Tangent + Equal Curvature, Parallel Tangent Vectors, and Parallel Tangent Vectors + Equal Curvature options require that the first element you select is a b-spline curve. Note: You can also apply a tangent or connect relationship to an end-point connected series of elements to define a profile group. For more information on profile groups, see the Working With Profile Groups topic.

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Perpendicular
The Perpendicular command maintains a 90-degree angle between two elements.

Horizontal/Vertical
The Horizontal/Vertical command works in two modes. In one mode, you can fix the orientation of a line as either horizontal or vertical by selecting any point on the line that is not an endpoint or a midpoint.

In the second mode, you can apply vertical/horizontal relationships between graphic elements by aligning their midpoints, center points, or endpoints so that their positions remain aligned with respect to each other.

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Equal
The Equal command maintains size equality between similar elements. When this relationship is applied between two lines, their lengths become equal. When applied between two arcs, their radii become equal.

Parallel
The Parallel command makes two lines share the same angled orientation.

Concentric
The Concentric command maintains coincident centers for arcs and circles.

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Symmetric
You can use the Symmetric command to make elements symmetric about a line or reference plane. The Symmetric command captures both the location and size of the elements.

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IntelliSketch
IntelliSketch is a dynamic drawing tool used for sketching and modifying elements. IntelliSketch allows you to sketch with precision by specifying characteristics of the design as you sketch. For instance, IntelliSketch allows you to sketch a line that is horizontal or vertical, or a line that is parallel or perpendicular to another line or tangent to a circle. You can also draw an arc connected to the end point of an existing line, draw a circle concentric with another circle, draw a line tangent to a circlethe possibilities are too numerous to list.

How IntelliSketch Works

As you draw, IntelliSketch tracks the movement of the cursor and shows a temporary, dynamic display of the element you are drawing. This temporary display shows what the new element will look like if you click at the current position.

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IntelliSketch gives you more information about the element you are drawing by displaying relationships between the temporary, dynamic element and the following: Other elements in the drawing Horizontal and vertical orientations The origin of the element you are drawing

When IntelliSketch recognizes a relationship, it displays a relationship indicator at the cursor. As you move the cursor, IntelliSketch updates the indicator to show new relationships. If a relationship indicator is displayed at the cursor when you click to draw the element, the software applies that relationship to the element. For example, if the Horizontal relationship indicator is displayed when you click to place the second end point of a line, then the line will be exactly horizontal.

IntelliSketch Relationships
You can set the types of relationships you want IntelliSketch to recognize with the IntelliSketch command on the Tools menu. IntelliSketch can recognize one or two relationships at a time. When IntelliSketch recognizes two relationships, it displays both relationship indicators at the cursor.

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IntelliSketch Locate Zone

You do not have to move the cursor to an exact position for IntelliSketch to recognize a relationship. IntelliSketch recognizes relationships for any element within the locate zone of the cursor. The circle around the cursor crosshair or at the end of the cursor arrow indicates the locate zone. You can change the size of the locate zone with the IntelliSketch command on the Tools menu.

Alignment Indicators
IntelliSketch displays a temporary dashed line to indicate when the cursor position is horizontally or vertically aligned with a key point on an element.

Infinite Elements
IntelliSketch recognizes the Point On Element relationship for lines and arcs as if these elements were infinite. In the following example, IntelliSketch recognizes a Point On Element relationship when the cursor is positioned directly over an element and also when the cursor is moved off the element.

Center Points
IntelliSketch displays an indicator at the center point of an arc or circle to make this keypoint easy to locate.

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Sweep Angle Lock at Quadrants

When you draw tangent or perpendicular arcs, the arc sweep angle locks at quadrant points of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees. This allows you to draw common arcs without typing the sweep value on the ribbon bar. A temporary dashed line appears from the arc endpoint to the center line of the arc to notify you that the arc is at a quadrant.

Relationships Tab
Sets which relationships are recognized by IntelliSketch as you draw. Set the relationships you want to recognize, and clear the relationships you do not want to recognize. Clear all relationships to turn IntelliSketch off. Tab Options Intersection Recognizes the intersection of two elements, such as two lines or an arc and a line. For example, you can draw a new line at the actual or theoretical intersection of two existing elements.

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End Point Recognizes the endpoint of an element. For example, you can draw a new line at the end point of another line or arc.

Midpoint Recognizes the midpoint of an element, such as the midpoint of a line. For example, you can draw a new line at the midpoint of an existing line. You can also use midpoint to align two elements to one another. For example, you can add a vertical relationship between the midpoint of one line and the center of a circle.

Center Point Recognizes the center point of an arc or circle. For example, you can draw a new circle at the center point of an existing circle or arc.

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Point on Element Recognizes a point along an element. For example, you can draw a new line at a point on an existing element. You could then use a dimension to control the exact distance along the element you want.

Horizontal or Vertical Recognizes whether a line is horizontal or vertical with respect to the x-axis of the profile plane. For example, you can position the cursor such that the vertical indicator is displayed when you are drawing a line. When you click, a vertical relationship is added to the line.

Parallel Recognizes whether a line is parallel to another line. For example, when you draw a new line, you can touch another line that you want the new line to be parallel to, then move the cursor to be approximately parallel to the first line. When the parallel indicator is displayed, click, and a parallel relationship is added to the new line.

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Perpendicular Recognizes whether a line is perpendicular to another line, or a whether line is perpendicular to an arc or circle. For example, when you draw a new line, you can position the cursor such that the perpendicular indicator is displayed. When you click, a perpendicular relationship is added to between the two lines.

Tangent Recognizes whether an element is tangent to an adjacent element, such as a line, arc, or circle. For example, when you draw a new line that is connected to an existing arc, you can position the cursor such that the tangent indicator is displayed. When you click, a tangent relationship is added between the line and arc.

Silhouette Recognizes the silhouette points on an arc, circle or ellipse. For example, when you draw a new line, you can touch the silhouette point on a circle. When you click, the new line is connected to the silhouette point on the existing circle.

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Edit Point Recognizes the edit points on a curve.

Curve Control Vertex Recognizes a control vertex point on a curve.

Pierce Point Recognizes where a 3D curve, a sketch, or an edge passes through (pierces) the active profile plane. For example, you can use a connect relationship to position the element you are drawing to where a profile element on another reference plane pierces the current profile plane. A pierce point is useful when drawing the sketches required to create the cross sections and path curves required for a swept feature.

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Intent Zones
Solid Edge uses intent zones to interpret your intentions as you draw and modify elements. Intent zones allow you to draw and modify elements many ways using few commands. You do not need to select a different command for every type of element. For example, when you draw an arc by three points, the third point can be either an end point of the arc or a point along the arc (between the end points). You can also change the convexity and direction of the arc as you input the third point. These options are available simply by moving the cursor through an intent zone.

How Intent Zones Work

When you click to begin drawing certain elements, the software divides the region around the clicked position into intent zones. By moving the cursor into one of these intent zones on the way to your next click location, you can tell the software what you want to do next. The last intent zone you move the cursor into is the active zone. To change the active intent zone, move the cursor into the zone you want to use, then move it to the position where you want to click next. You can change the size of the intent zones with the IntelliSketch command on the Tools menu.

Drawing Tangent or Perpendicular Arcs

You can use intent zones to change the result of the Tangent Arc command. To draw an arc tangent to a line, first click a point on the line to place the first end point of the arc. Then move the cursor through the tangent intent zone and click to place the second end point of the arc.

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If you do not want the arc to be tangent to the line, you can move the cursor back into the intent zone region and out through the perpendicular zone before clicking to place the second end point of the arc.

Drawing Arcs by Three Points

When you use the Arc by 3 Points command, intent zones allow you to input the three points in any order. You can also use intent zones to change the arc direction.

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Drawing Lines Tangent or Connected to Curved Elements

Using intent zones with the Line command, you can draw a line tangent to a circle or arc. Or you can draw a line that is connected to the circle or arc, but not tangent to it.

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Dimensioning Elements
With dimensions, you can add value labels to design geometry by measuring characteristics such as size, location, and orientation of elements, such as the length of a line, the distance between points, or the angle of a line relative to a horizontal or vertical orientation. Dimensions are associative to the elements to which they refer, so you can make design changes easily. Solid Edge provides a full complement of dimensioning tools so you can document your parts, assemblies, and drawings. In the Draft environment, you can also create dimensions by retrieving them from part models with the Retrieve Dimensions command.

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You can use the dimensioning commands to place the following types of dimensions: (A) Linear dimensions (B) Angular dimensions (C) Diameter dimensions (D) Radial dimensions (E) Dimension groups

Each dimension command has a ribbon bar that sets options for placing the dimension. When you select an existing dimension, the same ribbon bar is displayed so you can edit the dimension's characteristics.

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Using Dimensions to Drive Elements

You can place a dimension that controls the size or location of the element that it refers to. This type of dimension is known as a driving dimension. If you use the ribbon bar to change the dimensional value of a driving dimension, the element updates to match the new value.

Dimensions that are not driving dimensions are called driven dimensions. The value of a driven dimension is controlled by the element it refers to. If the element changes, the dimensional value updates. Because both driving and driven dimensions are associative to the element they refer to, you can change the design more easily without having to delete and re-apply elements or dimensions when you update the design. An option on the ribbon bar allows you to specify whether a dimension is driving or driven. Driving and driven dimensions are distinguished by color. In the Draft environment, the color defined for each dimension type is part of the dimension style, which you can edit with the Style command on the Format menu. When you are drawing a profile in the Part environment, dimensions are driving by default, but you can change them to driven. If a dimension cannot be placed as driving because it would conflict with other dimensions or relationships, it is automatically placed as driven. When you are drawing layouts in the Assembly environment, dimensions can be placed either driving or driven, depending upon the setting of the Maintain Relationships command. (If the command is set, the dimensions are driving by default.) The same is true for drawings in the Draft environment, with two exceptions: dimensions placed on part views can only be driven, and dimensions placed between a draft view and an element on the sheet can only be driven. Note: When the IntelliSketch Intersection option is set and you select Distance Between, you can place a driven dimension that measures to the intersection of two elements.

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Not-to-Scale Dimensions
You can override the value of a driven dimension by editing its dimensional value. This makes the dimension not-to-scale. For example, if you override the dimensional value that is 15 millimeters (A) to be 30 millimeters, the actual size of the line that you see would still be 15 millimeters (B). Solid Edge underlines the values of not-to-scale dimensions.

Placing Dimensions
To dimension elements, you can use a dimension command, such as SmartDimension, and then select the elements you want to dimension. As you place dimensions, the software shows a temporary, dynamic display of the dimension you are placing. This temporary display shows what the new dimension will look like if you click at the current cursor position. The dimension orientation changes depending on where you move the cursor. For example, when you click Distance Between on the toolbar and select an origin element (A) and an element to measure to (B), the dimension dynamically adjusts its orientation depending on where you position your cursor (C) and (D).

Because you can dynamically control the orientation of a dimension during placement, you can place dimensions quickly and efficiently without having to use several commands. Each of the dimension commands uses placement dynamics that allow you to control how the dimension will look before you place it.

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Placing Driving Dimensions to an Intersection

Sometimes you need to place a driving dimension to the theoretical intersection of two elements. You can do this using profile lines (A) or a profile point (B).

When using profile lines, any profile elements that are not part of the feature you are constructing must be toggled to construction elements using the Construction command on the Draw toolbar. When placing a profile point, you can set the Intersection option on the IntelliSketch dialog box so the profile point stays at the theoretical intersection. Note: The button for the Point command can be displayed using the Customize command on the Tools menu. The Point command is part of the Drawing category.

Placing Dimensions with the Dimension Axis

The Dimension Axis command sets the orientation of the dimension axis on the drawing sheet or profile plane. You can use the new dimension axis, rather than the default axis of the drawing sheet or profile plane, while you use the Distance Between or Coordinate Dimension commands. After you define the dimension axis, you can place dimensions that run parallel to or perpendicular to the dimension axis.

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Dimensioning Automatically
You can use the Relationship Assistant command to automatically generate dimensions and geometric relationships for any profile. This is a quick method of dimensioning and setting simple geometric relationships for any 2-D information brought into Solid Edge, including information from other systems. The Relationship Assistant command allows you to finish profiles or make them fully parametric. After applying all critical dimensions and relationships to the profile, you can use the Relationship Assistant command to apply any missing geometric or dimensional relationships to help fully constrain the model. It is a good idea to check the profile with the Show Variability command to check for degrees of freedom. To activate Relationship Assistant from within the sketch or profile environments, on the Tools menu, point to Dimensions, and then click Relationship Assistant.

Formatting Dimensions
If you want two or more dimensions to look the same, you can select the dimensions and apply a style with the ribbon bar. If you want to format dimensions so that they look unique, you can select a dimension and edit formats with the ribbon bar or the Properties command on the shortcut menu.

Copying Dimension Data

In the Solid Edge Draft environment, you can copy data such as prefix strings, dimension display types, and tolerance strings from one dimension to another. To copy dimension data, use the Prefix Copier command on the Format menu.

Using the Mouse Scroll Wheel to Change Dimensions

You can use the mouse scroll wheel to change a driving or system dimension. As you scroll the wheel, the dimension increases or decreases in 5% increments. For example, if the dimension is 100mm, the dimension will increase or decrease by 5mm.

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To use the mouse scroll wheel to change a dimension, click the dimension you want to change, and scroll the wheel forward to increase the dimension or backward to decrease it. Note: Depending on the mouse driver you have installed, if you are in an active draft window you may scroll the view instead of the dimension value. In this case, you may need to move the mouse cursor away from the draft window to scroll the value.

Using Expressions in Dimensions

There are many instances when the dimensions of individual features in a design are related. For example, the bend radius used to manufacture a sheet metal part is usually a function of the stock thickness. You can define and automate these types of design relationships with expressions. You can select a dimension and then use the Variables command on the Tools menu to enter a formula. When the formula is solved, the dimensional value changes to the value that the formula calculates. You might want to use dimensions with expressions for the following purposes: Drive a dimension by another dimension; Dimension A = Dimension B Drive a dimension by a formula; Dimension A = pi * 3.5 Drive a dimension by a formula and another dimension; Dimension A = pi * Dimension B

Setting or Modifying Units of Measure

To set the units of measure for a dimension, select the dimension and use the Properties command on the shortcut menu. To set the units of measure for a document, use the Properties command on the File menu.

Tracking Dimension Changes

In the Solid Edge Draft environment, you can track dimensions that have been changed or deleted when a drawing view is updated. To track these changes, use the Track Dimension Changes command on the Tools menu.

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Showing Variability
The Show Variability command determines how 2-D elements can change based on their dimensions and relationships. Use this command to see the types of changes in a profiles shape allowed by existing degrees of freedom. To show variability, on the Tools menu, point to Dimension, then click Relationship Assistant. Click on the element, then click the Show Variability button on the ribbon bar.

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Types of Dimensions
A linear dimension measures the length of a line or the distance between two points or elements. You can place linear dimensions with the Coordinate, Distance Between, SmartDimension, and Symmetric Diameter commands. An angular dimension measures the angle of a line, the sweep angle of an arc, or the angle between two or more lines or points. You can place angular dimensions with the Angle Between and SmartDimension commands. A radial dimension measures the radius of elements, such as arcs, circles, ellipses, or curves. You can place a radial dimension with the SmartDimension command. A diameter dimension measures the diameter of a circle. You can place a diameter dimension with the SmartDimension command. The components of a dimension are as follows:

(A) Projection line (B) Dimension line (C) Dimensional value (D) Terminator

(E) Break line (F) Symbol (G) Connect line

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Dimension Groups
You can place dimensions in dimension groups with the following commands: Distance Between Angle Between Symmetric Diameter Coordinate Dimension

This makes the dimensions easier to manipulate on the drawing sheet. All members of a stacked or chained dimension group share the same dimension axis.

(A) Stacked dimension group (B) Chained dimension group A coordinate dimension group is another type of dimension group. Coordinate dimensions measure the position of key points or elements from a common origin. All the dimensions within the group measure from a common origin. You should use coordinate dimensions when you want to dimension elements in relation to a common origin or zero point.

When you place dimension groups with the Distance Between or Angle Between commands, the cursor position determines what type of dimension group will be placed. After you place the first dimension in a group and click the second element you want to measure, if the cursor is below the first dimension, then the dimension group will be a chained group (A). If the
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cursor is above the first dimension, then the dimension group will be a stacked group (B).

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Variables
You can use the Variable Table to define and edit functional relationships between the dimensions of a design in a familiar spreadsheet format. The Variable Table is accessed with the Variables command on the Tools menu. There are two types of variables: dimensions displayed in the design and variables you create directly in the Variable Table. Dimension variables directly control elements of a design. Variables that you create cannot directly control the design. A user variable must be set equal to a value or mathematical expression; for example, PI = 3.14159. Variables can control dimensional relationships by setting the dimensional relationship equal to the variable. You can use variables to do the following: Drive a dimension with another dimension (Dimension A = Dimension B). Define a variable (pi=3.14). Drive a dimension with a formula (Dimension A = pi * 3.5). Drive a dimension with a formula and another dimension (Dimension A = pi * Dimension B). Drive a dimension with a formula that includes a function (Dimension A = Dimension B + cos(Dimension C)). Drive a dimension with a value from a spreadsheet, such as a Microsoft Excel document, by copying the value from the spreadsheet into the Variable Table with the Paste Link command. You can use any spreadsheet software that can link or embed objects.

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Note: You can use a VBScript function or subroutine in the formula. The trig functions available in the variable table always assume input value for the function is in radians and returns the results in radians, not in degrees. An example function might be sin(x)=y, where x and y are always in radians. After you select the Variables command on the Tools menu, a table displays with the following columns: Type, Name, Value, and Formula. Each row of the table displays a variable.

Entering Data into the Variable Table

When you place the dimensions for a design, variables for these dimensions are placed into the variable table automatically. If the Variable Table is open, any dimension that is placed by you or the software will display in the Variable Table after the dimension is placed. Working with the variable table open allows you to change the dimension's name that is generated by the software to a more logical name as you work. When you rename variables, the variable names can contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore character; you cannot use punctuation characters and spaces.

Restricting the Display of Variables

You can restrict the display of variables in the table with the Filters command on the shortcut menu. For example, you can display only the variables for dimensions that the software created. You can also display variables that are associated with elements in the current document, elements in the active window, or a set of elements that you have selected in the document.

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Creating Expressions
You can create expressions to control dimensional relationships. The expressions can consist of only variables or mathematical expressions that consist of any combination of constants, user-defined variables, or variables for dimensions that the software placed. The system provides a set of standard mathematical functions. You can also select functions that you wrote and saved. The functions can be typed in with the proper syntax or you can use the Function Wizard to select and define the function. The Function Wizard is convenient when you forget the proper syntax for a math function. You start the Function Wizard by clicking the Fx button in the Variable Table. You can link VBScript functions and subroutines to variables in the variable table. Click Show Me at the bottom of this topic, and choose Creating a Variable with an External Function or Subroutine to see an example.

Displaying the Expressions Graphically

You can use the Show All Formulas, Show All Names, and Show All Values commands on the dimension shortcut menu to change the display of dimensions to make it easier to define expressions between dimensions. For example you can use the Show All Formulas command to display the dimension names and formulas you define.

You can also use the Edit Formula command on the dimension shortcut menu to define formulas between dimensions.

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Examples
Suppose you draw a sheet metal bracket and you want to build a relationship between the bend radius and stock thickness. You can use a formula in the Variable Table to build and manage this relationship. The following example illustrates how the Variable Table would look if you built a relationship that changes the bend radius when the stock thickness changes. Type Variable Dimension Name Stock_thickness Bend_radius Value .25 .375 1.5 x stock_thickness Formula

Here are some more examples of how you might set up the Variable Table: Type Variable Variable Variable Dimension Name c d e f Value 2.0 kg 10.0 rad 20 mm 8.5 mm @c:\bearing.xls!sheet1!R6C3 @c:\bearing.xls!sheet1!R6C3 (1.5 + Func.(func1(c,d)))^2 Formula

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Argument Conventions
The following argument conventions are used in the Variable Table: In the syntax line, required arguments are bold and optional arguments are not. Argument names should follow the rules for Visual Basic. In the text where functions and arguments are defined, required and optional arguments are not bold. Use the format in the syntax line to determine whether an argument is required or optional.

Accessing Variables for Other Parts Within an Assembly

The Peer Variables command, on the Tools menu under Variables, gives you access to part and subassembly variables for the other parts and subassemblies within an assembly. You can use the Peer Variables command while you are in the assembly, or when you have in-place activated a part or subassembly within the assembly. The parts can be contained directly in the assembly or in a subassembly. To edit a part or subassembly variable, click the Peer Variables command, select the part or subassembly, and then edit the values in the Variable Table. You can edit values, create user-defined variables, enter equations, and copy and paste variables between parts and subassemblies within an assembly. All the functionality of the variable table is available, with the increased convenience that you do not have to in-place activate the peer part. After you open the Peer Variable Table for a part, you can access the variables of any assembly occurrence by clicking on the occurrence in Assembly PathFinder or in the graphics window. The Peer Variable Table will update to display the variables of the occurrence you select. The title bar of the Peer Variable Table also lists the name for the selected occurrence. With the Peer Variable Table open, to display the variables of the active document, click the Active Model button on the Peer Variable ribbon bar.

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Linking Variables Between Parts in an Assembly

You can also use the Peer Variables command to associatively copy and paste variables between parts within an assembly or subassembly. For example, you can control the flange thickness of Part B using a variable in Part A. When you edit the value for the variable in Part A, the flange thickness in both parts is changed simultaneously. To take advantage of associative copy and paste, you must first set the Paste Link To Variable Table option on the Inter-Part tab on the Options dialog box. To associatively link a variable between two parts in an assembly, use the Peer Variables command to select the part containing the variable you want to copy (Part A). In the Variable Table for Part A, select the variable row you want to copy, and then click the Copy command on the shortcut menu. Then select the part in which you want to paste the variable (Part B). Select the variable table row in which you want to paste the variable, and then click the Paste Link command on the shortcut menu. After the relationship is established, any changes made to the parent variable for Part A will update the linked variable for Part B. To ensure that the link is updated, use the Update All Links command on the Main toolbar. When you link Solid Edge variables between parts in an assembly, the document names and folder path can contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore character; you cannot use punctuation characters and spaces.

Creating Variables with a Link to a Spreadsheet

You can use Microsoft Excel or other spreadsheet software to link Solid Edge variables to a spreadsheet. Before you can link variables to a spreadsheet, you must first create the variables you want in the Solid Edge document. When you link Solid Edge variables to a spreadsheet, the document names and folder path for the spreadsheet and the Solid Edge document can contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore character; you cannot use punctuation characters and spaces.

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Edit Formula Command

Displays the Edit Formula ribbon bar so you can define a formula for a dimension. You can use the Show All Formulas, Show All Names, and Show All Values commands on the dimension shortcut menu to change the graphic display of dimensions to make it easier to define formulas between dimensions.

Note: You can also define and edit formulas for dimensions using the variable table.

Edit a Formula
1. Select a dimension. 2. On the shortcut menu, click Edit Formula. 3. On the Edit Formula ribbon bar, enter the formula you want, then click the Accept (checkmark) button. Tips: 1. You can also display and edit the formula for a dimension using the variable table. 2. You can use the Show All Formulas command on the shortcut menu to display the dimension name and formula for all the dimensions. 3. You can add a dimension name to the formula box by clicking a dimension.
4. You can use the Copy Link command on the Apply Formula shortcut

menu to copy the link for the dimension which you are editing.

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Change the Display for a Dimension

To Display the formulas for all dimensions. Do this Select the dimension, then on the shortcut menu, click Show All Formulas.

Display the names for all dimensions. Select the dimension, then on the shortcut menu, click Show All Names. Display the dimensional values for all dimensions. Select the dimension, then on the shortcut menu, click Show All Values.

Tip: You can also double click a dimension to display the Edit Formula ribbon bar. You can then rename or define a formula for a dimension.

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Show All Formulas Command

Displays all dimensions in a Name=Formula format. If no formula has been defined for a dimension, it is displayed in a Name=Value format.

Show All Names Command

Displays the names for all the dimensions.

Show All Values Command

Displays the dimensional values for all the dimensions.

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Review
1. How does IntelliSketch help you draw sketches? 2. What is the purpose of layout and how is it used? 3. What are intent zones? 4. What purpose do geometric relationships serve? 5. When and why is the Show Variability command used?

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Activity 1 Using IntelliSketch

Objectives
You will create a sketch in this activity. You will apply relationships, dimensions and variables to the geometry so that you can reliably and predictably change the shape of the profile by editing dimensions.

Overview

The sketch will be in the shape of a cross section of an I-beam. Relationships, dimensions and variables will control the width of the web and flanges of the I shape.

1. Create a new metric Solid Edge part file. 2. You will begin the activity by drawing an I shaped sketch. On the Features toolbar, click the Sketch command.

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Select the reference plane shown.

On the Tools menu, click IntelliSketch and set the options shown. Click OK.

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On the Draw toolbar, click the Line command.

Draw the first line by positioning the cursor below and left of the reference planes as shown and click to place the first point of the line.

Place the second point by moving the cursor to the right. When the horizontal indicator is shown and the line is approximately in the same position as shown below, click to place the line.

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Continue drawing the I shape with the following considerations. Draw each segment with the horizontal or vertical indicator displayed. Exact lengths of the lines are unimportant at this stage. Note: If you make a mistake, you can delete a line by first clicking the select tool, selecting the line, and pressing the Delete key on the keyboard.

Also by clicking the Undo command, you can step back through the creation of the sketch.

Draw the rough shape of the I in a counterclockwise order. Use the alignment indicator to position the endpoint of the next to the last line above the left endpoint of the first line as shown. To activate the alignment indicator for the last segment, brush (move the cursor over without clicking) the horizontal line.

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To place the last segment, click on the endpoint of the first line when the endpoint indicator is displayed as shown.

3. In the next few steps you will add relationships to control the behavior of the shape. When you anticipate the need to make a shape symmetrical, it is useful to establish relationships between the geometry of the shape and reference planes. Line segments will be referenced by numbers as shown.

On the Draw toolbar, click the Horizontal/Vertical command.

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Position the cursor over middle of segment 1. When the midpoint indicator displays, click.

Move the cursor to the top of the vertical reference plane, and when the endpoint indicator displays, click.

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You have created a relationship, represented by a dashed line that forces the midpoint of segment 1 to remain vertically aligned with the endpoint of the reference plane.

On the Draw toolbar, click the Equal command.

Select segment 1, then select segment 7. This applies an equal relationship to the lines, which keeps their lengths the same while other constraints alter the shape of the profile.

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Continue applying the equal relationship between the following lines: 2 and 12 8 and 6 8 and 12 11 and 3 9 and 5 9 and 11 10 and 4 4. You will now add dimensions to control the size of the shape.

On the Draw toolbar, Click SmartDimension.

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Select segment 1, position the dimension below the line, and then click to place it.

Dimension segment 12 in the same way. On the Draw toolbar, click the Distance Between command.

Select segment 10, select 4, position the dimension above the I shape, and then click to place it. Right-click to restart the Distance Between command.

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Dimension the distance between segments 1 and 7 in the same way.

5. You will now edit the dimensions placed in the previous step. Because of the dimensions and relationships you defined, the shape responds to dimensional changes predictably. On the Draw toolbar, click the Select Tool command.

Select dimension A. On the ribbon bar, type the value 15 mm and then ENTER. Changing the dimension value changes the length of the line. Select dimension B and change the value to 120 mm. Select dimension C and change the value to 12 mm. Select dimension D and change the value to 95 mm. Practice altering the shape by editing the values of the dimensions A, B, C and D and observe how the shape responds. Return the dimension values to those shown above.

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6. Dimensions and relationships make it easier to control the shape of a profile. You can also use variables to make the shape of a profile parametric. You can define formulas that define mathematical relationships between variables and dimensions. In this step, you will make the width of the web (dimension C) 2/3 the thickness of the flange (dimension A), and you will make the flange height (dimension B) 3/4 the flange width (dimension D). Each time you place a dimension, a randomly named variable is created to represent it. You will rename the variables and assign mathematical expressions to further control the behavior of the shape. Double-click on the 95mm dimension. The Edit Formula ribbon bar displays to edit the dimension name and formula. Change the variable name to D. Click the accept button and then press the ENTER key. On the Draw toolbar, click the Select Tool command to complete the edit of the 95mm dimension.

Repeat the previous step to make the following dimension edits: 15 mm dimension 120 mm dimension 12 mm dimension Name=A Name=B Name=C

Note: To enter a formula, click the formula field, type the formula, and press ENTER. You can use Basic mathematical operators in formulas: + to add - to subtract * to multiply / to divide You can group Mathematical functions with parenthesis if necessary. Many functions are available. See the Help topic for variables for more information. You will now assign a mathematical expression to dimensions named B and D. Double-click the 120mm dimension. In the Formula field, enter 3/4*D and press the ENTER key.

Repeat the previous step by double-clicking the 12mm dimension. In the Formula field, enter 2/3*A and press the ENTER key.

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The Edit Formula ribbon bar can also be accessed by right-clicking on the dimension. On the short-cut menu, click Edit Formula.

Notice on the short-cut menu above that the Show All Values is selected. You can also show all variable names or formulas as shown.

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7. The same operations performed in step 6 could also be done using the Variable Table. On the Tools menu click Variables>Variables to display the Variable Table.

Notice the same fields as in the Edit Formula ribbon bar are available. Click the field to edit, type in the appropriate value and then press the ENTER key.

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Note: The shadowed values represent values that cannot be directly changed because they are controlled by relationships, dimensions or formulas. Close the variable table by clicking the X in the upper right corner. On the sketch, modify the dimension values of A and D and observe how the sketch responds.

8. You will now save the sketch. On the ribbon bar, click Finish to complete the Sketch.

On the ribbon bar, click Finish. Close and save this file as ISHAPE.PAR in the C:/Fundamentals folder. This completes this activity.

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Activity 2 More Sketching

Objectives
In this activity, you will create a sketch using relationships and dimensions to control the behavior of the geometry.

Overview

In this activity, you will create a sketch and apply relationships to control the placement of the geometry. You will learn the benefits of each relationship type as you read the activity.

1. Create a new metric Solid Edge part file. 2. You will now create a sketch. On the Features toolbar, click the Sketch command.

Select the reference plane shown.

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On the Tools menu, click IntelliSketch and set the options shown. Then click OK.

On the Draw toolbar, click the Line command.

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As shown, brush the horizontal reference plane and move the cursor to the left. When the Point On relationship indicator is displayed, click to start the first line.

Note: The Point On relationship attaches the endpoint of the new line to reference plane. The endpoint of the new line will have freedom to move infinitely in the direction defined by the edge of the reference plane. Continue placing lines as shown. Draw the last segment vertically, attached to the reference plane.

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Use the Horizontal/Vertical relationship to align the horizontal line with the midpoint of the reference plane.

3. You will now dimension the sketch as shown. Use the SmartDimension command to place dimensions and edit their values as shown.

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4. You will now toggle the sketch lines to construction elements. On the Draw toolbar, click the Construction command, and then select each of the lines. This toggles the lines to construction elements. Notice that the construction elements are displayed with a dashed style.

5. You will now use the Symmetrical Offset command to draw new lines that are symmetrically offset from the construction elements. On the Draw toolbar, click the Symmetric Offset command. The Symmetric Offset Options dialog box is displayed.

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On the Symmetric Offset Options dialog box, set the options shown, and then click OK.

On the ribbon bar, set the Select option to Chain, and select the construction lines. When the three lines highlight, on the ribbon bar click the Accept button.

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6. Now you will modify the shape by placing dimensions and modifying the properties of the offset. On the Draw toolbar, click the Select Tool command. Select the vertical dimension and edit the value to be 35 mm. Select the horizontal dimension and edit the value to be 85 mm. Notice how the symmetrical offset responds to the changed dimensions.

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Select any line on the perimeter of the shape and when the shape highlights, on the ribbon bar click the Options button. On the Symmetric Offset Options dialog box, set the parameters as shown below, and click OK.

Notice how the shape responds to the parameter changes.

On the ribbon bar, click Finish to complete the profile. On the ribbon bar, click Finish. 7. Close and Save the file as SYMMOFF.PAR in the C:/Fundamentals folder.

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Activity 3 More Sketching

Overview
When you complete this activity, you will be able to use more relationships in the profile/sketch environment.

Objectives
In this activity, two sketches are provided for you to apply relationships to. This activity covers the following relationships: Collinear Parallel Equal Symmetric

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Note: File for this activity is located in the C:/Fundamentals/Parts folder. 1. Open the part file named SKETCH01.PAR. 2. You will now turn on the display of the first sketch. In EdgeBar, right-click on Sketch A and click Show.

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In EdgeBar, right-click on Sketch A and click Edit Profile.

3. You will now use relationships to control the E shape. Note: You will not use any horizontal/vertical relationships. This will allow you to rotate the sketch at any angle while maintaining the E shape. We will begin defining the shape by applying parallel relationships. The first element selected will be made parallel to the second element selected. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Parallel Relationship command.

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Select the line segments as described below. o o o o o Click B, then click A. Click C, then click A. Click D, then click A. Click E, then click A. Click F, then click A.

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You will now add additional parallel relationships to the remaining line segments. o o o o o Click B, then click A. Click C, then click A. Click D, then click A. Click E, then click A. Click F, then click A.

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You will now apply collinear relationships to align line segments. The first line segment selected will be made collinear to the second line segment selected. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Collinear command.

Select the line segments as described below. o o o Click B, then click A. Click C, then click A. Click D, then click E.

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4. You will now apply equal relationships to control the width of the E shape. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Equal command.

The first line segment selected will be made equal to the second line segment selected. o o o o Click line segment B, then click line segment A. Click line segment C, then click line segment A. Click line segment D, then click line segment A. Click line segment E, then click line segment A.

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5. You will now add dimensional constraints to complete the E shape. On the Drawing toolbar, click the SmartDimension command.

Dimension the line as shown. The value is not important at this point.

On the Drawing toolbar, click the Distance Between command.

On the ribbon bar, click the By 2 Points option.

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Dimension the two line segments as shown. Click on the lines (do not click the endpoints or midpoints).

Click the SmartDimension command and dimension the line segment shown.

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6. You will now align the midpoint of the left line segment to the center of the reference planes. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Horizontal/Vertical command.

Click on the midpoint of the left line segment as shown.

Click on the midpoint of the reference plane edge as shown.

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The midpoint of the left line segment is now aligned with center of the reference planes.

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7. You will now use the Select Tool to edit the dimensions to complete the E shape. Edit the dimensions as shown. o o o Dimension A = 200 Dimension B = 50 Dimension C = Dimension B (Double-click on dimension C. On the Edit Formula ribbon bar, in the Formula field type = and then click on dimension B. Click the Accept button. Click the Select tool to end Edit Formula.)

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The result should be as shown below.

8. You will now add angular dimensions, which will control the shape and orientation relative to the horizontal reference plane. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Angle Between command.

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Place the dimension shown by clicking on the two lines (do not select and keypoints).

You will now place an angular dimension between the horizontal reference plane and the bottom line segment to control the E shape orientation. First right-click to restart the Angle Between command. Click the horizontal reference plane and the bottom line segment as shown (again do not click any keypoints).

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9. You will now use the Select Tool to edit the angular dimensions to observe the control you have over the shape and orientation. Orientation angle = 45, shape angle = 90

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Orientation angle = 0, shape angle = 60

On the ribbon bar click Finish and then click Finish again. In EdgeBar, right-click on Sketch A and click Hide. This completes this portion of the lab activity. 10. The next portion of the lab activity utilizes the symmetry relationship. In EdgeBar, right-click on Sketch B and click Edit Profile. Place the lines as shown. The lines are connected to the centers of the circles and center of the reference planes.

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On the Drawing toolbar, click the Construction command. Select the two lines just placed.

Dimension the circles and lines as shown.

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11. You will now place six circles in the remaining three quadrants of the main circle. Place the circles as shown. Position and size do not matter. Be sure not to pick up any relationships from other geometry while placing the circles. If you have problems doing this, you can place a circle outside the main circle and then drag it inside the main circle.

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12. You will now apply symmetric relationships between the circles. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Symmetric Relationship command.

Click the horizontal reference plane (C). Click circle A1 and then click circle A. Circle A1 is now symmetrical to circle A. Click circle B1 and then click circle B. Circle B1 is now symmetrical to circle B.

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Apply symmetric relationships to the remaining circles using the vertical reference plane as the symmetry axis. In order to do this you must select a new symmetry axis. On the Drawing toolbar, click the Set Symmetry Axis command.

Click the vertical reference plane. Click the Symmetric Relationship command and then click the remaining circles to apply symmetry as shown.

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13. You will now edit the dimensions and observe the results. Edit the 40 dimension on the angled line to 50. Edit both 25 degree dimensions to 30 degrees. Edit the 15 diameter to 10.

14. On the ribbon bar, click Finish. Click Finish again. 15. This completes the activity.

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Activity 4 Relationship Assistant

Objectives
After completing this activity, you will be able to:

Add geometric and dimensional relationships to eliminate the degrees of freedom on each profile/sketch element. Use several methods of applying relationships to profiles/sketches. Use the Show Variability command within the Relationship Assistant.

1. Create a new metric Solid Edge part file. 2. You will now define the sketch plane. On the Features toolbar, click the Sketch command.

Select the reference plane shown.

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3. Draw the sketch as shown.

4. You will now use the Relationship Assistant command to determine the degrees of freedom and then remove them so that the lines are fully positioned. Relationships can be applied between the geometry and the reference planes to prevent movement in the X and Y directions. On the Tools menu, click Dimensions>Relationship Assistant.

To select all the geometry, click and drag a fence around the lines. On the ribbon bar, click the Accept button.

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Click the Show Variability button.

Each time you click the Show Variability button, a temporary representation of the selection set, shown in red, will move in the direction(s) where freedom exists. Click the button several times to observe this behavior and notice the counter showing the number of relationships needed to fully position the geometry.

5. You will now use Relationship Assistant to fully position the geometry. On the Tools menu, click Dimensions>Relationship Assistant.

To select all the geometry, click and drag a fence around the lines. On the ribbon bar, click the Accept button.

On the ribbon bar, click the Options button.

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Set the options as shown and click OK.

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Select the vertical reference plane to define horizontal dimension origin. Select the horizontal reference plane to define the vertical dimension origin.

Once the origin of the vertical dimension is defined, the dimensions and geometric relationships needed to position the geometry are placed. Click the Select Tool to return to the sketch.

6. Since you used the reference planes to define the dimension origins, the geometry is fully positioned and has no degrees of freedom. If you had used a part of the geometry to define the origin rather than the reference planes, you would have 2 degrees of freedom and would have to use additional dimensions or relationships to fully position the geometry. 7. On the ribbon bar, click Finish and then click Finish again. 8. This concludes this activity. Close the file and save as RELATIONS.PAR in the C:/Fundamentals folder.

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Activity 5 Using Construction Elements in Profiles

Objectives
After completing this activity, you will be able to: Use construction elements to simplify profile or sketch construction. Use the construction elements to drive the resulting geometry (a cutout). In this activity, you will examine a specific feature within a part. You will not construct the part in this activity, but you will draw the profile for the feature. To simplify profile creation, you will use a construction element in the Sketch drawing environment. As previously mentioned, construction elements aid in profile creation but are ignored during profile validation checks. In this case, the construction element used serves as a skeletal element that helps drive the other elements in the profile.

Examining the Problem Examine the patterned cutout feature (A) shown below.

Each of the four cutouts must sweep 90-degrees. A narrow web of material must occupy space between each cutout to avoid breakout. To create this model, use construction elements to locate the cutout, provide the mechanism for the sweep angle, and provide the distance between each cutout.

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1. Use a metric template to create a new Part document. 2. You will now define the sketch plane. On the Features toolbar, select the Sketch command.

Select the reference plane as shown.

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3. On the Main toolbar, click the Pan command. As shown in the illustration, hold the left mouse button at the center or intersection of the reference planes. Move the cursor to the lower right corner of the Sketch window. This moves the reference planes out of the way and prevents unwanted relationship placement between a profile element and a reference plane.

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4. You will now construct a sketch. On the Draw toolbar, click the Line command. Draw the three lines as shown in the illustration. Add the dimensions and edit their values as shown. Make each of the lines construction. The angled lines are attached to the horizontal line at its midpoint. Using the Equal relationship, make each of the angled lines equal to the horizontal line.

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5. You will now add lines using the Offset command. On the Draw toolbar, click the Offset command.

For the offset distance on the ribbon bar, use a value of 10 mm. On the ribbon bar, set the Offset Select box to Chain. Offset the two angled lines as seen in the illustration below. Click the Accept button to confirm selection. Move the cursor to the interior of the V shape as shown and click.

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6. You will now place two arcs. On the Draw toolbar, click the Arc by Center command. Place two arcs as shown in the following illustration.

Both arc center point origins should be the midpoint of the horizontal construction line. Small arc Point-2 should be on the left angled line, Point-3 on the right-angled line. Large arc Point-2 should connect to the end point of the left angled line, and Point-3 connect to the end point of the rightangled line. Use SmartDimension to dimension the two arcs and edit the values of the dimensions to those shown in the illustration.

7. You will now trim the sketch elements. On the Draw toolbar, click the Trim command.

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Trim away the offset lines below the small arc. The result of the trim is shown below.

8. In Tools>Dimensions>Relationship Assistant, use the Show Variability command to verify that the profile has only 2-degrees of freedom. 9. You will now resolve the two remaining degrees of freedom. On the Draw toolbar, click the Connect command and place a Connect relationship between the midpoint of the horizontal construction line, as seen in the illustration to the left, and the midpoint of a reference plane, as seen in the illustration to the right. This anchors the profile and eliminates any remaining degrees of freedom.

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Edit the dimension values as shown in the illustration below and then change them back to the original values. This sketch is ready to be used in a feature function such as cutout.

10. This completes the activity. Close the file and save as CUTOUT.PAR in the C:/Fundamentals folder.

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Summary
The key to successful 3D parametric modeling is building models that can be edited for design intent. The profiles and sketches throughout the model drive the features within the model. When drawing the profiles and sketches, think about how the profile/sketch will behave when edited. If the edits are predictable and are compatible with design intent, you will be successful in modeling. Maintaining this thought process will help you determine how relationships should be applied to the profiles/sketches. Therefore, when drawing profiles and sketches it is very important that you develop a thorough understanding of geometric and dimensional relationships, especially with regard to how and when they should be applied. We recommend that you consider the following when deciding to draw a profile within a command or else a sketch outside of a feature command. Profile: Draw profiles within a feature command when the feature in construction is simple and will not see multiple instances of use. Sketch: Draw sketches when you expect to use the feature multiple times, when the feature in construction requires multiple profiles, and when the profile requires a high degree of complexity.

When Solid Edge Assembly is discussed later in this course, you will learn that a 2D layout can be drawn within the assembly environment. This is similar to sketching, and a complete design layout can be drawn without enforcement of profile validation rules. Individual part models can be constructed when the layout is complete.

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