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Momentum Transport - Theory Part 1

There are two mechanisms of momentum transport: molecular transport and convective transport. Combined momentum flux is represented by the equation φ = ρvv + π, where π is the molecular stress term and ρvv is the convective stress term. The molecular stress term π is expressed as πij = pδij + τij, where pδij is the static pressure and τij is the viscous stress term. The viscous stress term τij is expressed in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates based on the velocity gradients in each direction, represented by partial derivatives.

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147 views16 pages

Momentum Transport - Theory Part 1

There are two mechanisms of momentum transport: molecular transport and convective transport. Combined momentum flux is represented by the equation φ = ρvv + π, where π is the molecular stress term and ρvv is the convective stress term. The molecular stress term π is expressed as πij = pδij + τij, where pδij is the static pressure and τij is the viscous stress term. The viscous stress term τij is expressed in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates based on the velocity gradients in each direction, represented by partial derivatives.

Uploaded by

Daniel Wiggins
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CCB/CBB 3033

ADVANCED TRANSPORT PROCESSES / TRANSPORT PHENOMENA


Momentum Transport Balance The Theory Part 1

Course outcome
CLO1 Explain the theoretical aspect of momentum, mass and energy transport

Lesson outcomes
5. State two mechanism for momentum transport

= vv +
6. Express the molecular transport term 7. Express and the viscous stress term in 3dimensional orientation (cartesan coordinates)

ij = p ij + ij

Lesson outcome 5 and 6


5. State two mechanism for momentum transport

= vv +
6. Express and explain the molecular transport term

ij = p ij + ij

7. Express and explain the viscous stress term in 3-dimensional orientation (cartesan coordinates)

Momentum Transport Balance

There are two mechanisms : 1. Molecular transport. 2. Convective transport


Combined momentum flux = molecular stress+ convective stress

Momentum Transport Balance Combined momentum flux = vv +

There are two mechanisms : 1. Molecular transport. 2. Convective transport

Molecular transport Convective transport

= p + vv
6

Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

= p+
Molecular stresses viscous stress

Static pressure

Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

ij = p ij + ij
Recall!

i and j is the designation on x,y,z

ij yx = dv x dy

Force in the x-direction on a unit area perpendicular to y-direction


8

Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

= p +
Kronecker delta

Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

Kronecker delta,

ij

i= j , =1; i not equal to j, =0

xx = 1, yy = 1, zz = 1 xy = 0, xz = 0, yz = 0 etc

10

Lesson outcome 7
5. State two mechanism for momentum transport 6. Express and explain the molecular transport term 7. Express and explain the viscous stress term in 3-dimensional orientation (cartesan coordinates)

11

Molecular Motion
Lets imagine a molecule as a particle Particle motion in tornado

12

Molecular Motion
Lets imagine a molecule as a particle Floating ball

13

Molecular Transport

Yes! Split into 3D components


y z x
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Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

,Viscous Stress (Force) on a unit area perpendicular to x/y/z-direction


15

Molecular Transport Expression (1.2)

There could be 3 components of the movement; vx, vy and vz

16

Viscous Stress

ij = p ij + ij
Molecular stresses Static pressure

i and j is the designation on x,y,z

y z x

xy xx xz
yy yx yz zy zx zz
17

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to x
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xx
Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xy
Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xz
18

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to y
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yx
Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yy
Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yz
19

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to z
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zx
Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zy
Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zz
20

10

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


v j d i vi d j

ij =

Velocity in the j-direction on a unit area perpendicular to i-direction

21

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to x
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xx =

v v x v x + = 2 x x x x

Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xy =

v y v x + x y

Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to x-direction

xz =

v z v x + x z

22

11

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to y
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yx =

v x v y + y x

Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yy =

v y v y v y + = 2 y y y

Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to y-direction

yz =

v z v y + z y

23

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


Area perpendicular to z
Viscous force per unit area in the x-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zx =

v x v z + x z

Viscous force per unit area in the y-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zy =

v y v z + y z

Viscous force per unit area in the z-direction on a plane perpendicular to z-direction

zz =

v z v z + z z

v = 2 z z

24

12

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


xy xx xz yy yx yz zy zx zz

Viscous Stress

Shear Stress

Normal Stress

Direction!
25

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates


xy xx xz yy yx yz zy zx zz

Viscous Stress
Work out the direction!

26

13

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates

Viscous Stress

Shear Stress
xy xz yx yz zy zx

Normal Stress
xx yy zz
27

Viscous stress in cartesan coordinates

Note that:
Shear Stress
xy =yx

Look at the direction!

zy =yz xz =zx

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14

Lesson outcomes
5. State two mechanism for momentum transport

= vv +
6. Express and explain the molecular transport term

ij = p ij + ij

7. Express and explain the viscous stress term in 3-dimensional orientation (cartesan coordinates)

29

Summary Combined momentum flux = vv +

There are two mechanisms : 1. Molecular transport. 2. Convective transport

Molecular transport

= p +
ij =
v j d i + vi d j
30

Convective transport

vv

15

Further understanding

Read and understand the textbook; Chapter 1,


page 16 to 17 page35 to 36

31

16

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