(Life on a Chip)

(PAPER UNDER THE THEME:BIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS

Submitted By
P.SAGAR
ROLL NO :31126512065

M JHASHUVA
31126512058

EMAIL ID:[email protected] PHONE NO:-9247914777

ABSTRACT
A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. Biochips-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology. Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. Its no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering Passwords, & pesky PINs, security Social

tricks on the internet.! Biochip has a variety technique for secured Emoney transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients.

Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of

numbers .No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker

The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts. A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif.), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX.), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif.) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few out This feet away, by an identification is then transmitting number.

INTRODUCTION
Biochips biochip are any microprocessor was originally

chips that can be used in Biology. The technology developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, its use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic monitoring endangered "branding" lab wildlife, of horses, fisheries, animals,

automobiles,

garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are "silently" inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc., are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a "surprise" guest a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have "implanted" identification the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million devices recipients and of prosthetic breast

number

compared to database listings of registered pets. The Biochip tagging for humans has already started Rush out for your tag!!!!!

implants are "biochipped". To date, over 7 million animals have been "chipped". 3 The major biochip

companies are A.V.I.D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation.

THE TECHNOLOGY

BIOCHIP
THE TRANSPONDER:
The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader "reads" or "scans" the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) reader is from via the lowbiochip. The communication between biochip and frequency radio waves.

The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Todays, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio radio frequency signals to identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency and reader. communicate between the biochip

THE

BIOCHIP

IMPLANT OF

SYSTEM

CONSISTS

TWO COMPONENTS:

The

biochip

transponder

consists of four parts:

The

microchip

stores

unique

the computer chip. Because "radio waves" are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is "tuned" to the same frequency as the reader.
4. Glass

identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique laser onto the surface of ID the number is "etched" or encoded via a microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic transmit "reader". 2. Antenna Coil: This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core. This is tiny primitive radio antenna "receives and sends signals from the reader or scanner.
3. Tuning

Capsule: capsule "houses" the

The

glass

microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip.
BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE

circuitry the ID

necessary number to

to the

Capacitor: stores the small

The

capacitor

electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This "activation" allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in 5 The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe.

Injection Anesthesia

is is

safe not

and

simple, nor

comparable to common vaccines. required recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd., markets an implant, featuring a patented "zip quill", which you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID "Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . . The number can never be altered."

WORKING BIOCHIP:

OF

The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which "activates" the implanted biochip. This "activation" enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal.

THE READER:
The reader consists of an "exciter" coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to "excite" or "activate" the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the "activated" implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display. The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer.

THE APPLICATIONS:
With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is 6 possible:

Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a is centralized database

Internet wasn't built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful dangerous. that were tool can turn have A Hackers 100%

maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. A biochip can store and

already broken into bank files secure. biochip is the possible solution to the "identification and security" dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new biosecurity device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it.

update

financial,

medical,

demographic data, basically everything about a person: An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured ECommerce systems : Its a fact; the world is very quickly going to a digital or Eeconomy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isn't necessarily secure. The 7

Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records: The really powered replace & medical biochip cash, other

systems passports,

can

records! Its no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM

cards,

passports

&

medical

the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of

records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. Medicinal implementations of Biochips : A New Era Proposed by us 0 Biochip as Glucose

Glucose detection: A light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical: one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. amount Glucose of is detected that the because the sugar reduces the light fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected.

Detector : The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result. The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics don't test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath 8 1 2

Biochip as Oxygen sensor : The biochip can an also be

integrated

with

oxygen

sensor .The oxygen sensor will

be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers stored of semiconductors under

Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. Its always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures.

nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of

Oxygen sensor in Biochip: The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 3 Biochip as an Blood

Pressure sensor: In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be Low BP condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is High BP condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. 9

Typical Problem of Biochips: A

Solution Proposed

The Lock: Problem before the world

kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness infrared (by light) means or in of the

chip implant would contain a

persons financial world, medical history, health care it would contain his electronic life". If cash no longer existed and if the worlds economy was totally chip oriented; there would be a huge "black-market" for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing "rich-folks" chips. "It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them," (New York Times, June 20, 1999) The typical solutions wont work well are already proposed by different people: 4 The Biochip must retain

vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such.!!!!!!!!

Our

key:

The

solution

Proposed by me: A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, in number, bankcard The Passport permanent

data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification (murdered of by dead the 10 bodies

number etc., which are normally nature. induction of RAM component in

addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be

A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination passport, of credit card, license, driver's

personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close. The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. "This is science fiction stuff." This is a true example to prove science really starts with fiction.

continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy. Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i.e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified.

CONCLUSION
The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies.

11