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Cell Organelles and Its Primary Functions

The document summarizes the primary functions of various cell organelles: Chromosomes contain genetic information in the form of DNA. The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus. The nucleolus contains RNA for protein manufacture. The cytoskeleton supports the cell and provides shape while aiding movement of materials. Mitochondria are involved in energy production through chemical reactions on their inner cristae. Ribosomes act as protein factories by producing proteins either embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm.

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Suzie Ann
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176 views3 pages

Cell Organelles and Its Primary Functions

The document summarizes the primary functions of various cell organelles: Chromosomes contain genetic information in the form of DNA. The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus. The nucleolus contains RNA for protein manufacture. The cytoskeleton supports the cell and provides shape while aiding movement of materials. Mitochondria are involved in energy production through chemical reactions on their inner cristae. Ribosomes act as protein factories by producing proteins either embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm.

Uploaded by

Suzie Ann
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Organelles and its Primary Functions

Chromosomes
- Usually in the form of chromatin - Contains genetic information - Composed of DNA - Thicken for cellular division - Set number per species (i.e. 23 pairs for human)

Nuclear membrane
- Surrounds nucleus - Composed of two layers - Numerous openings for nuclear traffic

Nucleolus
- Spherical shape - Visible when cell is not dividing - Contains RNA for protein manufacture

Collective term for cytosol and organelles contained within Colloidal suspension Cytosol mainly composed of water with free-floating molecules Viscosity constantly changes

Centrioles
- Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules - Involved in cellular division - Lie at right angles to each other

Chloroplasts
- A plastid usually found in plant cells - Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place

Cytoskeleton
- Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells

Endoplasmic reticulum
- Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane - Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

Golgi apparatus
- Protein 'packaging plant' - A membrane structure found near nucleus - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac

Lysosome
- Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates - Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal - Vary in shape depending on process being carried out - Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

Mitochondria
- Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae - Controls level of water and other materials in cell - Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea

Ribosomes
- Each cell contains thousands - Miniature 'protein factories' - Composes 25% of cell's mass - Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum - Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm

Vacuoles
- Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal - Contains water solution - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms)

Cell wall
- Most commonly found in plant cells - Controls turgity - Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane - Primary cell wall: extremely elastic - Secondary cell wall: forms around primary cell wall after growth is complete

Plasma membrane
- Outer membrane of cell that controls cellular traffic - Contains proteins (left, gray) that span through the membrane and allow passage of materials - Proteins are surrounded by a phospholipid bi-layer.

Suzie AnnVanidad BS Pharmacy 2-C

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