Air conditioning

Marine air conditioning Marine air conditioner is also the same as the other conditioners available in today's market. It has bought a revolution in the air conditioning industry introducing one in the marine system. It involves almost in all the fields. Marine air systems are a leading supplier in the chilled water systems for more yachts on a worldwide basis. They are designed by the domestic environment corporation, which was developed by Taylor made group. Along with this marine chilled water system, domestic environmental corporation also launched its air conditioners and refrigerators.

This uses the HVAC system of cooling the temperature. Domestic Corporation serves as one of the leading suppliers in accessory and air conditioning products. This also works same as the other conditioners. It also helps in controlling the temperature of the room and the humidity of the air.

It maintains a constant temperature once it is regulated. This air conditioner almost works under the same mechanism and its components comprised in the central cooling unit. Advantages and disadvantages in marine air conditioners There are both the advantage and the disadvantages with this system. The main advantage is that it is located in the less occupied areas and it requires no pipe line to connect with the other. This system is used for any size of boat or any size budget. It has made the marine air conditioners more adaptable and easy to install. This would be the smallest, lightest and the quietest conditioner in the market. It uses varies digital controls to keep track of the system. Marine air conditioning lowers the noise levels and it eliminates the zoning of central equipment. Marine air conditioning helps in controlling the temperature and to maintain the quality of the air. It works more than the other cooling central equipment. The total life cycle of the equipment is favorably more than the central equipment. It also cost less than other system. Air conditioning Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air. It is meant of human comfort. Air conditioning and ventilation is the simultaneous process of heating or cooling of air, humidity control as per human comfort, air filtration, air circulation and odor control

AHU of ductable AC Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be removed through radiation, convection, and by heat pump systems through the refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration conduction media such as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants. An air conditioning system, or a standalone air conditioner, provides cooling, ventilation, and humidity control for all or part of a building. The refrigeration cycle uses four essential elements to cool. The system refrigerant starts its cycle in a gaseous state. The compressor pumps the refrigerant gas up to a high pressure and temperature. From there it enters a heat exchanger (sometimes called a "condensing coil" or condenser) where it loses energy (heat) to the outside, cools, and condenses into its liquid phase. The liquid refrigerant is returned to another heat exchanger where it is allowed to evaporate; hence the heat exchanger is often called an "evaporating coil" or evaporator. A metering device regulates the refrigerant liquid to flow at the proper rate. As the liquid refrigerant evaporates it absorbs energy (heat) from the inside air, returns to the compressor, and repeats the cycle. In the process, heat is absorbed from indoors and transferred outdoors, resulting in cooling of the building.

In variable climates, the system may include a reversing valve that switches from heating in winter to cooling in summer. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa. This allows a facility to be heated and cooled by a single piece of equipment by the same means, and with the same hardware. Central, 'all-air' air conditioning systems (or package systems) with a combined outdoor condenser/evaporator unit are often installed in modern residences, offices, and public buildings, but are difficult to retrofit (install in a building that was not designed to receive it) because of the bulky air ducts required. An alternative to central systems is the use of separate indoor and outdoor coils in split systems. These systems, although most often seen in residential applications, are gaining popularity in small commercial buildings. The evaporator coil is connected to a remote condenser unit using refrigerant piping between an indoor and outdoor unit instead of ducting air directly from the outdoor unit. Indoor units with directional vents mount onto walls, suspended from ceilings, or fit into the ceiling. Other indoor units mount inside the ceiling cavity, so that short lengths of duct handle air from the indoor unit to vents or diffusers around the rooms. Dehumidification (air drying) in an air conditioning system is provided by the evaporator. Since the evaporator operates at a temperature below dew point, moisture in the air condenses on the evaporator coil tubes. This moisture is collected at the bottom of the evaporator in a pan and removed by piping to a central drain or onto the ground outside. A dehumidifier is an

air-conditioner-like device that controls the humidity of a room or building. It is often employed in basements which have a higher relative humidity because of their lower temperature (and propensity for damp floors and walls). In food retailing establishments, large open chiller cabinets are highly effective at dehumidifying the internal air. Conversely, a humidifier increases the humidity of a building. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed windows, because open windows would work against an HVAC system intended to maintain constant indoor air conditions. All modern air conditioning systems, even small window package units, are equipped with internal air filters. These are generally of a lightweight gauzy material, and must be replaced or washed as conditions warrant. For example, a building in a high dust environment, or a home with furry pets, will need to have the filters changed more often than buildings without these dirt loads. Failure to replace these filters as needed will contribute to a lower heat exchange rate, resulting in wasted energy, shortened equipment life, and higher energy bills; low air flow can result in "iced-up" or "iced-over" evaporator coils, which can completely stop air flow. Additionally, very dirty or plugged filters can cause overheating during a heating cycle, and can result in damage to the system or even fire. Because an air conditioner moves heat between the indoor coil and the outdoor coil, both must be kept clean. This means that, in addition to replacing the air filter at the evaporator coil, it is also necessary to regularly clean the condenser coil. Failure to keep the condenser clean will eventually result in harm to the compressor, because the condenser coil is

responsible for discharging both the indoor heat (as picked up by the evaporator) and the heat generated by the electric motor driving the compressor. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent into the indoor heat exchanger section, creating positive air pressure. The percentage of return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this vent. Heat pump It is a reversible device that does mechanical work to extract heat from a cooler place and deliver heat to a warmer place. The heat delivered to the warmer place is, approximately, the sum of the original heat and the work done. Greater temperature differences between the warm and cold regions require greater amounts of work. In warm weather the heat pump acts like a traditional air conditioner, removing heat from the indoors and delivering heat to the outdoors. In cool weather, it removes heat from the outdoors and delivers heat to the indoors. The efficiency of a heat pump as a heating device depends upon the outdoor temperature. At 50F; (10C;) a heat pump is more efficient than a traditional heating system. Below 32F; (0C;) it is less efficient and requires augmenting with conventional heaters. In the construction of office buildings in the United States, air-conditioning systems are commonly included as integral parts of the structure. First used c.1900 in the textile industry, air conditioning found little use outside factories until the late 1920s. It is of great importance in chemical,

pharmaceutical and other industrial plants where air contamination, humidity, and temperature affect manufacturing processes. Dew point temperature (DPT) It is that temperature at which a moist air sample atthe same pressure would reach water vapor saturation. At this saturation point,water vapor would begin to condense into liquid water fog or (if below freezing)solid hoarfrost, as heat is removed. The dew point temperature is measured easilyand provides useful information, but is normally not considered an independentproperty. It duplicates information available via other humidity properties and thesaturation curve. Tonnage of refrigeration It is the amount of heat required to change one matric ton of water to ice in 24 hours 1 TR = 12000 btu/hr = 3000kcal/hr BTU (British thermal unit) Refrigeration cycle

Diagram of a refrigeration cycle consisting of 1) Condensing coil 2) Expansion valve 3) Evaporator coil 4) Compressor

Relative Humidity (RH) It is the ratio of the mole fraction of water vapor to the mole fraction of saturated moist air at the same temperature and pressure. RH is dimensionless, and is usually expressed as a percentage. Lines of constant RH Reflect the physics of air and water: they are determined via experimental measurement. Note: the notion that air "holds" moisture, or that moisture dissolves in dry air and saturates the solution at some proportion, is an erroneous concept Humidity Ratio It is the proportion of mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air at the given conditions (DBT, WBT, DPT, RH, etc.). It is typically the ordinate or vertical axis of the graph. For a given DBT there will be a particular humidity ratio for which the air sample is at 100% relative humidity: the relationship reflects the physics of water and air and must be measured. Humidity Ratio is dimensionless, but is sometimes expressed as grams of water per kilogram of dry air or grains of water per pound of air.

Air conditioner maintain the humidity,temp,pressure,sound,air velocity,dust control. If we have to maintain more than 2-4 rooms at a time with one air conditioner then we are using this type of air conditioner. In this system one duct or line have to go through all rooms to flow the pure & cooled air to the rooms & one duct or line have to bring all corrosive air outside the rooms & flows into outwards. This type of conditioner called ductable air conditioner.

Chilled water air conditioner

Chilled water air conditioning systems are commonly used in applications that need large cooling capacity such as hypermarket, industrial process, commercial air conditioning such as offices and factories. More and more homes are using this system to air conditioned their entire house because of its costeffectiveness and no hazard of having refrigerant piped all over the house. Chiller is used to remove heat from the water which is then circulated through other components to absorb heat from the space.

Cooling tower
In most chiller applications, a water-cooled condenser uses a cooling tower to reduce the temperature of the condenser. The water is then sent to the cooling tower by the use of a pump to be cooled by evaporation of the water in the cooling tower.

Air cooled chiller

A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vaporcompression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required. In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, in air handling units or other types of terminal devices which cool the air in their respective space(s), and then the water is re-circulated back to the chiller to be cooled again.

Advantages of marine air conditioners It is located in the less occupied areas and it requires no pipe lines to connect with the other. This would be the smallest, lightest and the quietest conditioner in the market. This system can be used for any size of the boat and it has made the marine air conditioners more adaptable and easy to install. Marine air conditioners lowers the noise level and it eliminates the zoning of central equipment. It helps in controlling the temperature and to maintain the quality of the air. Works more than other cooling central equipment. Total life cycle of the equipment is favorable more than the central equipment. It costs less than other systems.

Submitted by Niaz v shanavaz