EC5 Timber Design

Timber Design according to EC5

EN 1995-1-1:2004
Summary of the AxisVM implementation
sturctural timber materials, partial factors
load duration classes, service classes
material properties for global analysis
cross-sections, design elements
design strength of timber materials (modification factors)
checks of timber elements
design in seismic enviroment
Sturctural timber materials EN 338, EN 1194
Solid timber /softwood(C), hardwood(D)/
Glued-laminated timber (Glulam)
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
f
v,k,z
Shear strength perpendicular to the
grain in z direction
f
v,k,y
Shear strength perpendicular to the
grain in y direction
f
c,90,k
Compression strength perependicular
to grain
f
c,0,k
Compression strength parallel to grain
f
t,90,k
Tensile strength perpendicular to grain
f
t,0,k
Tensile strength parallel to grain
f
m,k
Bending strength
Notation Characteristic strength
G
mean
Mean value of shear modulus
E
0,05
5% value of modulus parallel to
grain
E
90,mean
Mean value perpendicular to grain
E
0,mean
Mean value parallel to grain
Notation Modulus of elasticity
mean
Mean value of density
k
Characteristic value of density
Notation Density
Partial factor (
M
)
1,0
1,0
1,0
Accidental
combination
1,20 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
1,25 Glued laminated timber (Glulam)
1,30 Solid timber
Fundamental
combination
Timber type
Load duration classes and service classes
wind, accidental load Instantaneous
snow, wind
imposed floor load, snow
storage
self-weight
Examples of loading
less than one week Short-term
1 week 6 months Medium-term
6 months 10 years Long-term
more than 10 years Permanent
Order of accumulated
duration of characteristic
load
Load duration class
The climatic condition leading to higher moisture contents than
Service Class 2
3
the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 85% for a
few weeks per year*
2
the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 65% for a
few weeks per year*
1
Environmental condition Service class
(*) the moisture content in the materials corresponding to a temperature of 20 C
o
Material properties for global analysis
Vibration analysis
(*)
(*)
Modulus
ULS
Second-order linear elastic analysis
First-order linear elastic analysis
Modulus
SLS
Analysis type
M
mean
d
E
E
=
) 1 (
2
,
def
mean
fin mean
k
E
E
+
=
) 1 (
2
,
def
mean
fin mean
k
G
G
+
=
) 1 (
,
def
mean
fin mean
k
E
E
+
=
) 1 (
,
def
mean
fin mean
k
G
G
+
=
M
mean
d
G
G
=
M
mean
d
E
E
=
M
mean
d
G
G
=
mean
E
mean
G
mean
E
mean
G
(*) conservative way
2
= 1,0 is used
k
def
Material type
2,0
2,0
2,0
Service class 3
0,80
0,80
0,80
Service class 2
0,60 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
0,60 Glued laminated timber (Glulam)
0,60 Solid timber
Service class 1
Cross-sections, design elements
Design assumptions:
the grain parallel with the member x axis
there is no hole or other weaking in the members
the dominant bending plane is the x-z plane of the member (moment about y axis)
Iy >= Iz
in case of Glued-laminated timber (Glulam) the laminates are parallel with the y axis
in case of Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) the laminates are parallel with the z axis
x
y
z
y
Cross-sections, design elements
Laminated veneer lumber
(LVL)
Glued-laminated timber
(Glulam)
Solid timber
(softwood, hardwood)
Design strength of timber materials
Strength modification factors
k
mod
factor depending on the duration of load and the moisture content
k
h
factor depending on the cross-section size and the reference depth size
k
l
factor depending on the member length and the reference length
k
vol
factor depending on the apex zone volume and the reference volume
k
mod
modification factor
Instant. Short
term
Medium
term
Long
term
Permanent
1,10
1,10
0,90
1,10
1,10
0,90
1,10
1,10
0,90
0,90
0,90
0,70
0,90
0,90
0,70
0,90
0,90
0,70
0,80
0,80
0,65
0,80
0,80
0,65
0,80
0,80
0,65
0,70
0,70
0,55
0,70
0,70
0,55
0,70
0,70
0,55
0,60
0,60
0,50
0,60
0,60
0,50
0,60
0,60
0,50
k
mod
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Service
class
Material type
(LVL)
Glued laminated timber
(Glulam)
Solid timber
k
h
modification factor
k
h
Material type
(LVL)
(Glulam)
(if h < 600 mm)
Solid timber
(if h < 150 mm)
\
|
= 3 , 1
150
min
2 , 0
or
h
k
h
\
|
= 1 , 1
600
min
1 , 0
or
h
k
h
\
|
= 2 , 1
300
min or
h
k
S
h
k
l
modification factor
k
l
Material type
(LVL)
\
|
= 1 , 1
3000
min
2 /
or
l
k
S
l
k
vol
modification factor
1,0 Solid timber
k
vol
Material type
(Glulam)
(LVL)
2 , 0
0
|
\
|
=
V
V
k
vol
where,
V
0
is the reference volume (0,01 m
3
)
V is the stressed volume of the apex zone,
and V < 0,67Vb (total volume of the beam)
Design strength calculation
f
t,90,k
, f
c,0,k
f
c,90,k
, f
v,k
f
t,0,k
f
m,k
Material type
(LVL)
(Glulam)
Solid timber
M
k
d
f k
f
=
mod
M
k m h
d m
f k k
f
, mod
,

=
M
k t h
d t
f k k
f
, 0 , mod
, 0 ,

=
M
k t l
d t
f k k
f
, 0 , mod
, 0 ,

=
Checks of timber elements
(interaction formulas for different design situation)
Normal force, Moments (stress check parallel to the grain)
Compression force, Moments (in plane buckling check)
Moment (y), Normal force (lateral torsional buckling check)
Shear (y), Torsion (shear check)
Shear (z), Torsion (shear check)
Moment (y), (tension stress perpendicular to the grain check)
Normal force, Moments (stress check)
Compression and moment Tension and moment
1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, 0 ,
, 0 ,
+ +
d z m
d z m
m
d y m
d y m
d t
d t
f
k
f f

1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, 0 ,
, 0 ,
+ +
d z m
d z m
d y m
d y m
m
d t
d t
f f
k
f

1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
2
, 0 ,
, 0 ,
+ +
|
|
\
|
d z m
d z m
m
d y m
d y m
d c
d c
f
k
f f

1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
2
, 0 ,
, 0 ,
+ +
|
|
\
|
d z m
d z m
d y m
d y m
m
d c
d c
f f
k
f

where,
k
m
= 0,7 for rectangular sections
k
m
= 1,0 for other cross-sections
Compression force, Moments (in plane buckling check)
Compression and moment
where,
k
m
= 0,7 for rectangular sections
k
m
= 1,0 for other cross-sections
k
c,y
= buckling reduction factor
k
c,z
= buckling reduction factor
1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, 0 , ,
, 0 ,
+ +
d z m
d z m
m
d y m
d y m
d c y c
d c
f
k
f f k

1
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, 0 , ,
, 0 ,
+ +
d z m
d z m
d y m
d y m
m
d c z c
d c
f f
k
f k

Moment (y), Normal force (lateral torsional buckling check)
where, where,
k
c,z
is the buckling reduction factor
k
crit
is the lateral torsional buckling
reduction factor:
Moment and small tension Moment and compression
1
, 0 , ,
,
2
,
,
+
|
|
\
|
d c z c
d c
d m crit
d m
f k f k

1
,
,
d m crit
d mc
f k
0
,
< + =
A
N
W
M
d
y
d
d mc
rel,m
0,75 k
crit
= 1,0
0,75 <
rel,m
1,4 k
crit
= 1,56-0,75
rel,m
rel,m
0,75 k
crit
= 1/ l
2
rel,m
Shear (y), Torsion (shear check) SIA 265:2003
Shear(y) and Torsion
where,
k
shape
is the cross-section shape factor:
k
shape
= 1,2 for circular cross-section
for rectangular cross-sections
1
2
,
, ,
,
,
|
|
\
|
+
d v
d y v
d v shape
d tor
f f k

{ } 0 , 2 ; / 15 , 0 1 min b h k
shape
+ =
Shear (z), Torsion (shear check) SIA 265:2003
Shear(y) and Torsion
where,
k
shape
is the cross-section shape factor:
k
shape
= 1,2 for circular cross-section
for rectangular cross-sections
1
2
,
, ,
,
,
|
|
\
|
+
d v
d z v
d v shape
d tor
f f k

{ } 0 , 2 ; / 15 , 0 1 min b h k
shape
+ =
Moment (y), (tension stress perpendicular to the grain check)
Moment(y)
where,
k
dis
is the stress distribution factor in apex zone factor (k
dis
=1,4)
k
vol
is the volume modifiction factor in the apex zone
1
, 90 ,
, 90 ,

d t vol dis
d t
f k k

Timber structure design in seismic enviroment
(Response-spectrum analysis)
LVL:
M
= 1,20
Glulam:
M
= 1,25
M
= 1,0 2,5 < q High (DCH)
M
= 1,0
Solid timber:
M
= 1,30

M
1,5 < q =< 2,5 Medium (DCM)
q =< 1,5
Criteria Ductility class
Low (DCL)
- The dissapitive zones have to be concentrated into the joints
- The timber elements works in elastic assuption

EC5 Timber Design

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EC5 Timber Design

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Timber Design according to EC5

Timber Design according to EC5

Timber Design according to EC5

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