UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III

QUESTION BOOK
1
BASIC CONCEPTS IN LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Definition 1: Laplace Transform of f(t)
If f(t) is a function of t defined for all 0 t , then the Laplace transform of f(t)
denoted by L[f(t)] is defined as
0 s where ,
0
dt f(t)
st
e F(s) [f(t)] L >

= = , provided the integral exist

Definition 2: Condition for the Existence of Laplace Transform

The laplace transforms of the function f(t) defined for 0 t exists if f(t) is

(i) Piecewise continuous in every finite interval in the range 0 t .
(ii) Of the exponential Order
.
Definition 3: Inverse Laplace transforms

Inverse Laplace transform of F(s), denoted by [F(s)] L
1
, is defined as
f(t) [F(s)] L
1
=

, where F(s) [f(t)] L =

Definition 4: Condition for the Existence of Inverse Laplace Transform


0 F(s)
s
lim (i) =


finite is F(s) s
s
lim (ii)

.

Definition 5: Exponential Order

A function f(t) is said to be of exponential order if

finite is f(t)
st -
e
t
lim



Definition 6: Periodic Functions

A function f(t) is said to be Periodic if there exists a constant P ( >0) such that
t all for f(t), P) f(t = +

Definition 7: Laplace Transform of Periodic Functions
If f(t) is a periodic function then

=
P
0
dt f(t)
st
e
)
-
e - (1
1
[f(t)] L
Ps




UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
2
STANDARD RESULTS IN LAPLACE & INVERSE TRANSFORMS

Sl.No. LAPLACE TRANSFORMS INVERSE LAPLACE
TRANSFORMS

1
s
1
L[1] =

1
s
1
1
=
(

L
2
a - s
1
]
at
L[e =
at
e
a - s
1
1
=
(

L
3
a s
1
]
at -
L[e
+
=
at
e ] [
a - s
1
1
=

L
4
2
s
1
L[t] =
2
2
1
t
s
1
=
(

L
5
3
2
s
2
] L[t =
2
2
t
3
s
1
1 -
L =
(
(

6
1 n
n
s
n!
] L[t
+
= , n is a + integer
( )! 1
1 - n
t
n
s
1
1 -
L

=
(
(

n

7
2
a
2
s
a
at] L[sin
+
= at sin
1
2
a
2
s
1
1 -
L
a
=
(
(

+

8
2 2
s
s
at] Cos L[
a +
= at Cos
2 2
s
s
1 -
L =
(
(

+a

9
2 2
s
a
] L[Sinh(at)
a
= Sinh(at)
1
2 2
s
1
1 -
L
a
a
=
(
(

10
2
a
2
s
s
at)] Cosh( L[

= at) Cosh(
2
a
2
s
s

1 -
L =
(
(

11
{
0 a where a, t when 1,
a t when 0,
(t)
a
U
>
<
=
(t)
a
U is called unit step function
L[ (t)
a
U ] =
s
as
e

L
1
(
(

s
as
e
= (t)
a
U
12
( ) | | 0 a where 1 t L and
as
e (t)]
a
L[
function Delta - Dirac called is (t)
a

otherwise 0,
2
h
a t
2
h
- a when ,
h
1
(t)
a

= =

+ < <
=



| | ( ) t 1 L
-1
=

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
3
1. Problems on Laplace Transform of Standard Functions

1. Linearity Property of Laplace Transform

1. (t)]
2
L[f
2
k (t)]
1
L[f
1
k (t)]
2
f
2
k (t)
1
f
1
[k L =
2. (s)]
2
[F
1 -
L
2
k (s)]
1
[F
1 -
L
1
k (s)]
2
F
2
k (s)
1
F
1
[k
1 -
L =

(A) Find the Laplace Transforms for the following function

Class Work Problems
(i)
bt
e a

+
(v) at sin
2

(ix) cosbt sinat
(ii) 5sin3t
bt
e 1 +
(vi) at cos
3
(x) cos3t sin2t
(iii) coskt c
bt
e a

(vii) 3t sin
2
(xi) ( )
2
t 1+
(iv) 4sinh2t sin4t (viii) 2t cos
3
(xii)
2
3
ct
t
b
t a + +
Practice Problems Answers of Practice Problems
1 ( ) + t cos
2 2
sin
2 2
cos

+ s s
s

2. t 4 sin 3t cos
3 2
+
144
2
3
16
2
3
36
2
1
2
1
+

+
+
|
|

\
|
+
+
s s s
s
s

3. ( )
2
1 t
s
s
s
1
2
1
2
3
+


4.
5 3 + t
e |

\
|
3
1
5
s
e
5. t sinh cosh10t
2 2
100
2

s s
s

6. cos3t cos2t
|
|

\
|
+
+
+ 1
2
25
2
2
1
s
s
s
s

7.
3t
e 2

+
3
1 2
+
+
s s




UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
4
PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
2. First Shifting theorem
( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = then
(i) ( ) | | ( ) a - s F t f
at
e L =
(

(ii) ( ) | | ( ) a s F t f
at -
e L + =
(

3. ( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = then
(i) ( ) | | | | ( ) | | s F
ds
d
- t f t L = (ii) ( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | | s F
ds
d
1 - t f t L
2
2
2
2
=
(iii) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) | | s F
3
ds
3
d
3
1 - t f
3
t L =
(

(iv) In General, ( ) | | ( ) ( ) | | s F
n
ds
n
d
n
1 - t f
n
t L =
(

4. ( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = and
( )
exists
t
t f
0
lim
t
finite, then
(i)
( )
( ) ds
s
s F
t
t f
L

=
(

(ii)
( )
( )
2
ds
s
s F
2
t
t f
L

=
(
(

s


5. Laplace Transforms of Derivatives
( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = then
(i) ( ) ( ) | | ( ) 0 f - t f L s t
'
f L =
(

(ii) ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) 0
'
f 0 f s - t f L
2
s t
"
f L =
(

In General ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
1 - n
f - ...... - 0
'
f
2 - n
s 0 f
1 - n
s - t f L
n
s t
n
f L (iii) =
(

6. Laplace Transforms of Integrals
( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = then (i) ( ) ( ) | | t f L
s
1
t
0
dt t f L =
(
(

(ii) ( ) ( ) | | t f L
2
s
1
t
0
dt t f
t
0
L
2
=
(
(

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
5
Problems on Properties of Laplace Transforms

(B) Find the Laplace Transforms for the following function

Class Work Problems
1. cosbt
at
e
10. sin3t
2t -
e t
19.
t
t t 2 cos 3 sin

2. sin5t
2t -
e
11. cos4t
3t
e t
20.
t
at cos

3. cosh t
3t
e 12. sin3t sin2t
3t
e t
21.

t
dt
t
e
0
2

4. 4t
2
sin
3t -
e 13.
t
t
e
2
1

22.

t
dt t
t
e
0
2 sinh
5. sin2t cos5t
4t
e
14.
t
at cos 1

23. dt
t
t t

0
2
sin
6.
at
te
15.
t
bt
e
at
e

24.

t
dt t t
t
e
0
cos
7. sin3t t 16.
t
bt
at
e cos
25.

t
dt
t
at
t
e
0
sin

8. 2t
2
cos t 17.
t
bt at cos cos

26.

t
dt t
t
te
0
4 cosh
3

9. 4t cosh
2
t
18.
t
t
2
sin
27.

t
dt
t
t t
t
e
0
2 cos 3 sin
4








UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
6
Practice Problems
1.
3t
e
2
t
Ans :
( )
3
3
2
+ s

2. ( )
2
1
2t
e t + Ans :
( ) ( )
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1

s s
s

3. 4t
3
sin
2t -
e Ans :
( ) ( ) 144
2
2
3
16
2
2
3
+ +

+ + s s

4. t 2
3
tcos Ans :
( ) ( ) (
(
(

+
+

2
36
2
2
36
2
4
2
2
3 12
4
1
s
s
s
s

5. t 5 sinh
2
t Ans :
( )
( )
3
25
2
25
2
3 10

+
s
s

6. cosh4t
4t -
e t Ans :
( )
( )
2
16
2
4
16
2
4
|

\
|
+
+ +
s
s

7.
t
t 3 cos
2t
e
Ans :
( )
(
(
(

+
2
9
2
log
2
1
s
s

8.
t
t
e
2 t -
e

Ans :
|

\
|
+
+
1
2
log
s
s

9.
t
t cos 1
Ans :
( )
(
(
(

+
s
s
2
1
1
2
log
10.
t
bt at cos cos
Ans :
( )
( ) (
(
(

+
+
2
1
2
1
2 2
2 2
log
a s
b s

11.
t
at
e
Ans : Laplace Transform doesnot exists
UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
7
12. dt
t
t
t
t
e

0
sin
2
Ans :
( )
( )
(
(
(
(

\
|
+
1
4
2
1
log
1 2
1
2
1
s
s
s

13. dt
t
t t
t
e

0
3 sinh
4 2
Ans :
( )
( ) (
(
(
(

\
|

+
2
9
2
4
9
2
4 3 6
s
s
s


Laplace Transform of periodic functions
If f(t) is a periodic function with period P so that
f (t) P) f (t = +
then

=
P
0
dt f(t)
st
e
Ps
e 1
1
L[f(t)]
Find the Laplace transform of the following functions
1.

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) 2a) f(t given that 2a t a 1, -
a t 0 , 1
) (t f
2.

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) 2a) f(t given that 2a t a t, - 2a
a t 0 ,
) (
t
t f
3.

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) ) f(t given that t
2
t, -
2
t 0 ,
) (

t
t f
4.

=
|

\
|
+ < <
< <
=
f(t)
2
t f given that
2
t 0,
t 0 , sin
) (

wt E
t f







UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
8
Practice Problems
Find the Laplace transform of the following functions
1.

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) 2) f(t given that 2 t 1 t, - 2
1 t 0 ,
) (
t
t f
Ans:
2
tanh
1
2
s
s

2.

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) ) f(t given that t
2
,
2
t 0 ,
) (
a a
a
E
a
E
t f
Ans :
4
tanh
as
s
E

3.
( )

= + < <
< <
=
f(t) 2 t f given that 2 t 0,
t 0 , sin
) (

t
t f
Ans:
|
|

\
|

+
+
s
e
s
e
s

1
1
1
2
1

Initial value Theorem
If F(s) L[f(t)] = then

=
s 0
sF(s) Lim f(t)
t
Lim

Final value Theorem
If F(s) L[f(t)] = then
0 s
sF(s) Lim f(t)

=
t
Lim

Verify Initial value and Final value theorems for the following functions
1.
at -
e - 1 f(t) = 2. cos3t
2t -
e f(t) = 3. ) cos (sin
t -
e 1 f(t) t t + + =
Practice Questions
Verify Initial value and Final value theorems
1.
t
e
3 2
t f(t)

=
2. t 3 sin
t -
e 1 f(t) + =
Change of scale Property
If F(s) L[f(t)] = then
|

\
|
=
a
s
F
1
L[f(at)]
a


UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
9

Problems
1. Given that
2
1
2
1
2
s
L[tcost]
|

\
|
+

=
s
, Find (i) L[tcosat], (ii)
(

2
t
tcos L
2. Assuming L[sint] , Find
(

\
|
2
t
sin L
Second Shifting Theorem
If F(s) L[f(t)] = and ( )
( )

>
=
a t for 0
a t for a t f
t G then ( ) s
as
e F L[G(t)]

=
Another Form of Second Shifting Theorem
If F(s) L[f(t)] = and a > 0 then ( ) ( ) s
as
e F ] a - t a)U - L[f(t

=

Using Second shifting theorem find the Laplace Transform
1.
( )

>
|

\
|

=
3
t for 0
3
t for
3
t sin
t G

2.
( )
( )

>
=
2 t for 0
2 t for
3
2 t
t G
Miscellaneous Problems
1. Find the laplace transform of ( )

< <
=

t for 0
t 0 for sin
t f
t

2. Using Laplace Transform evaluate

0
dt sin3t
2t
e




UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
10
Problems for Practice
1. Find the laplace transform of
( )

< <
=
1 t for 0
1 t 0 for
t
e
t f
Ans :
1 s
1 s
e 1

\
|

2. Using Laplace Transform evaluate

0
dt sin2t
t 3
te
Ans:
169
12


INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Class Work Problems
1.
12 s
5
2
s
2
4
2
s
3s
s
1

+
+
+
2.
6
s
4
9
2
s
2

3.
10
2
s
5s
+

Practice Problems
1.
s
7
5
s
2
3
2
s
3
+

Ans: 7
12
4
t
t 3 sinh 3 +
2.
4 s
11
25
2
s
3s
+
+
+
Ans:
4t
11e 3cos5t

+


Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms
Property 1: First Shifting Property
If F(s) L[f(t)] = then
(i) [F(s)]
1 -
L
at
e a)] [F(s
1 -
L

= + (ii) [F(s)]
1 -
L
at
e a)] [F(s
1 -
L =

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
11
Property 2:
( ) | | dt
t
0
s F
1
L F(s)
s
1
1 -
L


=
(

Similarly ( ) | | dt
t
0
s F
1
L
t
0
F(s)
2
s
1
1 -
L

=
(
(

Property 3:
( ) | | ( ) | | s F
1
L
dt
d
s F s
1
L

=

,
similarly ( ) ( ) | | s F
1
L
2
dt
2
d
s F
2
s
1
L

=
(

Property 4:
( ) | | ( ) | | s F
1
L t s F
1
L

=

Property 5: Second Shifting Property
( ) ( ) | | a) U(t s F
1
L s F
as -
e
1
L

(

=
(

a t t

(or) ( ) ) a U(t a) f(t s F
as -
e
1
L =
(

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
12

Problems based on Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms

Find the Inverse Laplace Transforms for the following functions

(1)
( )
2
2
1
s
(2)
( )
2
4
3
+ s
(3)
( ) 49
2
1
2
+ + s

(4)
( ) 25
2
2
2
+ +
+
s
s

(5)
( )
( ) 9 4
3
4
2
1
4
2
+
+

s
s
s

(6)
25 6
2
2
+
+
s s
s

(7)
65 8
4 3
2
+

s s
s
(8)
) 1 (
1
+ s s
(9)
) 13 6 (
1
2
+ + s s s

(10)
( )
2
2
5 4
2
+ +
+
s s
s

(11)
|

\
| +

3
1
tan
1
s

(12)
|

\
|
+ |

\
|

b
s
s
a
1 1
cot tan
(13)
|

\
|
+
+
b s
a s
log
(14) |

\
|
+
2
2
1 log
s
a
(15)
( )
( )
(

+
+
2 2
2 2
log
b s
a s s

(16)
( )
3
2
1 +

s
e
s
(17)
2 2 2
b s a
s
+




Practice Problems for Inverse Laplace Transforms based on Properties
1.
( )
2
3
3
+ s
Answer:
2
2
t
t
3
3e

2.
( ) 5
2
2
2
+ s
s
Answer: t 5 sinh
2t
e
5
4
t 5 cosh
2t
2e

3.
13 6
2
3
+
+
s s
s
Answer: sin2t
3t
e 3 cos2t
t 3
e +
4.
( )
3
2 s s
1
+
Answer:
(
(

+ |

\
|
+ +

4
1
2
1
t
2
t
2
2t
e
2
1

5.
2
2
a
2
s
s
|

\
|

Answer: sinhat
2a
t

6.
2
8 2s
2
s
1 s
|

\
|
+
+
Answer:
6
sinh3t t
t
e

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
13
7.
( )
( )
(

+
9
1
log
2
2
s
s s
Answer: | | t t 3 cosh 2 cos 2 1
t
1
+

8.
(

+
s
a
1 log Answer:
(

at
e 1
t
1




Inverse Laplace Transforms Using Partial Fraction

Partial Fraction Expansions

1.
( )( )
linear is f(s) where
b s
B
a s
A
b s a s
f(s)
+
+
+
=
+ +


2.
( )( )( )
linear or Quadratic is f(s) where
d s
C
b s
B
a s
A
d s b s a s
f(s)
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +


3.
( ) ( )
( )
Quadratic or linear is f(s) where
b s
C
a s
B
a s
A
b s
2
a s
f(s)
2
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ +


4.
( )
Quadratic or linear is f(s) where
d s
C
c bs
2
as
B As
d s c bs
2
as
f(s)
+
+
+ +
+
=
+ |

\
|
+ +
and
c bs as + +
2
is non factorisable

5.
( )
( )
2
d s
D
d s
C
c bs
2
as
B As
2
d s c bs
2
as
f(s)
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
=
+ |

\
|
+ +


le factorisab non is c bs
2
as 3and atmost degree of is f(s) where + +


6.
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
b s
d Cs
2
s
B As
b s
2
s
f(s)
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ |

\
|
+
a
a










UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
14

Find the Inverse Laplace Transforms by Partial Fraction method for the following

1.
( )( ) 3 s 2 s
s
+


2.
( ) ( ) 2 s
2
3 s
2 s
2
s
+
+


3.
( ) |

\
|
+ + 4
2
s
2
1 s
3s

4.
8
3
s
1

5.
|

\
|
+
+ +
2 s
2
s
2
s
1 s
2
4s
3
2s


Practice Problems for Partial Fraction Methods
Find the Inverse Laplace Transforms for the following

1.
( )( )
2
2
2 s 1 s
11 15 5s
+
s
Ans :
t
te
t
e
t
e
2
7
2
4 +

2.
( ) |

\
|
+
+
4
2
s 1 s
4 s
s
Ans : t
t
e 2 sin
2
1
1 +

Convolution of two Functions

The convolution of two functions f(t) and g(t) is defined as
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) du u t g
t
0
u f t g t f

=

Convolution Theorem

( ) | | ( ) s F t f L If = and ( ) | | ( ) s G t g L If =
Then ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) s G s F t g t f L =
From Convolution Theorem ( ) ( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | | s G
1
L s F
1 -
L s G s F
1
L

=

UNIT I LAPLACE TRANSFORMS


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
QUESTION BOOK
15
Find Inverse Laplace Transforms using Convolution theorem for the following

1.
( ) 1 s s
1
+


2.
|

\
|
+
2
a
2
s s
1


3.
( )( ) b + + s a s
1

4.
( ) 1 s
2
s
1
+


5.
( ) |

\
|
+ + 1
2
s 1 s
1

6.
|

\
|
+ |

\
|
+
2
b
2
s
2
a
2
s
1

7.
|

\
|
+ |

\
|
+
2
b
2
s
2
a
2
s
s

8.
|

\
|
+ |

\
|
+
2
b
2
s
2
a
2
s
2
s

9.
2 2
a
2
s
s
|

\
|
+


Practice Problems for Convolution method

1.
( )( ) 3 s 2 s
1
+ +
Answer:
3t
e
2t
e

2.
2 2
a
2
s
1
|

\
|
+
Answer: ( ) cosat at - sinat
2a
1
3

3.
2 2
a
2
s
2
s
|

\
|
+
Answer: ( ) cosat at sinat
2a
1
+