Scribd
Upload
52 views9 pages

Design of Experiments Basic Concepts: Kurt Palmer

This document discusses key concepts in the design of experiments. It begins by outlining common experimental objectives like comparing options and identifying important factors. It then emphasizes the need for precise measurement and replication to estimate experimental error. Common experimental designs are introduced, including a six-pack approach to evaluate proposed improvements and factorial designs to generalize results and examine interactions between factors. The document stresses the importance of randomization and efficient experimentation through techniques like fractional factorials that confound certain effects to reduce the number of experimental runs needed.

Uploaded by

aralvoi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views9 pages

Design of Experiments Basic Concepts: Kurt Palmer

This document discusses key concepts in the design of experiments. It begins by outlining common experimental objectives like comparing options and identifying important factors. It then emphasizes the need for precise measurement and replication to estimate experimental error. Common experimental designs are introduced, including a six-pack approach to evaluate proposed improvements and factorial designs to generalize results and examine interactions between factors. The document stresses the importance of randomization and efficient experimentation through techniques like fractional factorials that confound certain effects to reduce the number of experimental runs needed.

Uploaded by

aralvoi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Design of Experiments Basic Concepts

Kurt Palmer
Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Southern California

Experimental Objectives
Is this better than that? What matters? Which combination is best?

The First Thing You Need


A way to measure the results... Response
Quantitative Precise Meaningful

Isoplot Want Discrimination, D > 6


65

Measurement 2

55

M
45

35 35 45 55 65

Measurement 1

D Range(X) M

Common Sense Approach


Is this better than that? The Test Run
I tried it, but I dont know what happened.

Minimum Characteristics of an Experiment


Comparison draw valid conclusions

Replication estimate experimental error

Randomization avoid systematic errors

Shainins Six Pack


3 trials of Current, 3 trials of Proposed Arrange results in order
C C C Worst P P P Best

Only adopt Proposed if order is as shown above (5% significance)

Common Sense Approach


What matters? Which combination is best? One Factor-At-A-Time Method
I dont want to get confused.

Factorial Approach Orthogonal Contrasts


A -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 B -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8
Impact of A
18 17

Y: Res pons e

16 15 14 13 12 -1 0 1

Factor A

Factorial Approach Orthogonal Contrasts


A -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 B -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 Effect of A = (y5+y6+y7+y8-y1-y2-y3-y4) 4 t = Effect Std. Error Std. Error = Error Est. 2 Effect significant if |t| > t*/2,(#cells)(#reps-1)

Factorial Approach Orthogonal Contrasts


B(-1) y1 A(-1) y2 s2-A(+1) y5 y6 s2+B(+1) y3 y4 s2-+ y7 y8 s2++ Error Estimate = {(s2-- + s2-+ + s2+- + s2++ ) 4}1/2

Interactions
Non-Additive Impacts
20 19 B(+1)

Avg Response

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 -1 0 1 B(-1)

Factor A

Interaction
Orthogonal Contrast
A -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 B -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 AB +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 Effect of AB = (y1+y2+y7+y8-y3-y4-y5-y6)4 t = Effect Std. Error Std. Error = Error Est. 2 Effect significant if |t| > t*/2,(#cells)(#reps-1)

Efficient Experiments
Get the Required Information with the Least Expenditure of Resources

Fractional Factorial Approach Confounding


A -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 B -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 C D=ABC Y -1 -1 y1 -1 -1 y2 -1 +1 y3 -1 +1 y4 -1 +1 y5 -1 +1 y6 -1 -1 y7 -1 -1 y8 A -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 B -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 C D=ABC Y +1 +1 y9 +1 +1 y10 +1 -1 y11 +1 -1 y12 +1 -1 y13 +1 -1 y14 +1 +1 y15 +1 +1 y16

Fractional Factorial Approach Confounding I = ABCD A B C D = = = =


(defining contrast)

Alias structure -

BCD ACD ABD ABC

AB = CD AC = BD BC = AD

Summary
Get Response measurement in order first Use the Six Pack to evaluate proposed improvements Use Factorial Approach to generalize results and explore interactions Get Efficient Experiments by careful use of confounding

You might also like