2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation

A Fuzzy Control Algorithm for Collecting Main Pressure Controlling using Expert Control

Hongjun Zhou College of Information Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China

Wei Chen Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang, China

Kangling Fang College of Information Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China

AbstractThe disturbance, multi-parameters, and nonlinearities are the major difficulties in the collecting main pressures control system. This paper develops a fuzzy control algorithm for the collecting main pressure control based on expert control, in order to solve the collecting main pressure disturbance problem. The fuzzy algorithm adopts two phase control strategies. One is the fuzzy feed-forward control algorithm for decoupling control. Another is the expert control algorithm for the cooler actuating power control. The experience results show the fuzzy control algorithm using expert control can make collecting main pressure and the cooler actuating power in the requirement range and obtain a well control performance. Keywords-Fuzzy Control; Expert control system; decoupling control; Collecting Main Pressure Control

I.

INTRODUCTION

Coke plays an important role in the iron and steel industry. It is used mainly as a fuel to provide the heat needed to melt iron ore in blast furnace. Coke can be produced from coal in coke oven units in coking plants. These coke ovens also produce a significant amount of byproduct: coke oven gas. Coke oven gas is used as a process fuel in steel industry. The coke oven gas is collected via the collecting pipelines which connect with the same collecting main. The collecting main pressure stability would influence the lift-time of coke oven units, the coke production and the coke quality. The collecting main pressure is a crucial parameter in the coking thermodynamic system. There has a heavy disturbance between every collecting pipelines pressure for the coke ovens pressure fluctuation or the users load requirement change. It leads to sharply oscillate in the collection main pressure, and even to a complete interruption of production. These issues increase the difficulty of improving the control performance of collecting main pressure with heavy loads requirements. In recent years, fuzzy logic has become one of the most successful intelligent technologies for developing process control [1-8]. The most important feature of fuzzy control is that it does not require an internal mathematical model or transfer functions, and it can deal with the uncertainty and
978-0-7695-4077-1/10 $26.00 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICICTA.2010.712 104

imprecision related with information concerning several parameters. Kang[2] proposed a multivariable fuzzy control algorithm for heating furnace, and the practical control result satisfies the need of temperature control; Saravanan et. al[3] proposed a novel fuzzy method based on an adaptive technique to mitigate loop interactions, and the results indicate that the decoupling controller shows better performance for set point and load changes; Liu et. Al [8] developed an intelligent control strategy by integrating fuzzy reasoning and successfully applied to a 300 MW boilerturbine unit. Nevertheless, the collecting main pressure control system is a multi-variables, nonlinear and heavy disturbance system. Multi-parameters and disturbance are the main challenges associated with developing control algorithms for collecting main pressure system. Under the scope of collecting main pressure, the quality of control decisions taken in different disturbance situations is a critical factor. Expert control system is a powerful intelligent technique for controlling complex processes with nonlinearities and uncertainties [9-11]. Expert systems use the empirical knowledge of human experts in a specific domain to solve a problem. An expert control system is a program capable of emulating human cognitive skills such as problem solving, perception and understanding. This paper develops a fuzzy control algorithm using expert control method for the collecting main pressure control. The work is organized as follows. Section 2 described the collecting main pressure control process. In Section 3, the proposed fuzzy algorithm designs for collecting main pressure control. Section 4 demonstrates the performance of the fuzzy control algorithm. Finally, conclusions and ongoing works are summarized in Section 5. II. PROCESS DESCRIPTION A practical collecting main pressure control system is shown in Fig. 1. There are four coke oven units in the coking plant. The collecting gas system includes four blast blowers, a set of collecting main pressure pipelines, and there coolers. The blast fans supply the required main pressures for coke oven. In this collecting main system, the coke oven gas generated in four coke oven units flows via

their collecting pipe into the same collecting main pipe through respective butterfly valve (BV1, BV2, BV3, BV4). Then the coke oven gas is cooled by the coolers and cleaned of water vapor. The four blast blower units provide the actuating power to drive the coke oven gas out, and then the actuating power change would influence the collecting main pressure stability.

III.

THE FUZZY CONTROL ALGORITHM

In this paper, the collecting main pressure system has significant unknown external disturbances, and the control problem can describe as

u ( s ) = [u1 ( s ), u2 ( s),..., um ( s)] y ( s ) = [ y1 ( s ), y2 ( s),..., yn ( s)]

where

(1)

yi ( s ) is the output vector, ui ( s ) is the input vector, i = 1, 2,...m .

According to the formula (1), the single loop controller design does not consider the inherent coupling effect and the closed-loop dynamics in the collecting main pressure control system, it dose not obtain the desired pressure control performance. A. The Decoupling Fuzzy Control The disturbance can be checked out by the feed-forward controller as soon as it occurs in the system. In terms of the value of disturbances, the feed-forward controller can change the control value to counteract or decrease the influence of disturbances on control object. Let the control system describes as the formula (1), then the feed-forward control algorithm is

Figure 1. The collecting main system of coke-oven

In this paper, the structure of fuzzy control system for collecting main pressure, which composes of one industrial PC, two PLC control units and one transducer, is shown in Fig.2. The desired working collecting main pressure is regulated by close-loop controllers which composer of two PLC control units through the opening of butterfly valves. The feedback information of the collecting pressure is transferred to the PLC control units and evaluated in industrial PC.

y1 ( s ) G11 ( s ) G12 ( s ) u11 ( s ) y (s) = 2 G21 ( s ) G22 ( s ) u22 ( s ) u11 ( s ) = u1 ( s) + 1 ( s ) u22 ( s ) = u2 ( s ) + 2 ( s)

As usually, if

(2)

G12 ( s )[u2 ( s ) + 2 ( s )] + G11 ( s ) 1 ( s ) = 0 G 21( s )[u1 ( s ) + 1 ( s )] + G22 ( s ) 2 ( s ) = 0

(3) there is

y1 ( s ) u1 ( s )G11 ( s ) y ( s ) = u ( s )G ( s ) 22 2 2
(4)
Figure 2. The basic control block diagram of collecting main pressure system

In order to obtain well control performance, the collecting main control system adopts the hybrid control method (shown as in Fig.2). Blast blower 3 and blast blower 4 are controlled by voltage frequency change, but blast blower 1 and blast blower 2 adopt power frequency control approach. Depending upon the stability requirement of collection main pressure control, running blast blowers at different speeds becomes an essentiality in coking process.

u11 ( s ) and u22 ( s ) are the forward decoupling controller output; u1 ( s ) and u2 ( s ) are the basic controller output; i ( s ) is the forward decoupling offset, i = 1, 2 .
here According to the formula (3), the feed-forward controller requires an internal mathematical model or transfer functions. However, the collecting main pressure system is a multi-variables, nonlinear and heavy disturbance system. This paper adopts the fuzzy feed-forward method to decrease the influence of disturbances. The structure of fuzzy feed-forward controller is shown in Fig.3.

105

Di (t )
Di 1 (t )

Figure 3. The fuzzy feed-forward controller

In order to simplify the design of fuzzy controller, the fuzzy feed-forward controller adopts the analytic representations [6]. The output of fuzzy feed-forward is describes as

= Di + (1 ) Di 1
(5) here output,

is the evaluation coefficient.

Di is the ith difference of the set value and the real

B. The Expert Control Method for The Coooler Actuating Power control The ultimate controlled variable in the collecting main pressure is the collecting main pressure. In order to keep this controlled variable stability, there are many intermediate variables should be controlled within their requirement range, respectively, such as the cooler actuating power, the opening of butterfly valve, the blast blower running speed and so on. The cooler actuating power drive the coke oven gas out, thus the actuating power change would make strong disturbance for the collecting main pressure. Because of the disturbances of pressure and the nonlinearity of butterfly valves, the expert control strategy is constructed to improve the fuzzy control algorithms dynamic performance in practice control process. The expert control method uses a set of operational rules which are collected by the process engineers over a long period of time. The expert control structure of collecting main pressure is illustrated in Fig.4.

characteristic states are identified according to the empirical data stored in the knowledge base. Usually, the blast blowers work at fix running frequency. Fuzzy control units control the collecting main pressure through controlling the opening of butterfly valves. When the butterfly valves is opened at 100%, and the collecting main pressure cannot reach to the requirement range, then the expert control algorithm acquires and processes the process information, and modifies the actuating power set value. Expert control algorithm controls the blast blowers via the transducer and rectifies the cooler actuating power. The collecting main pressure gradually disengages the limit control point. The expert control algorithm obeys the control regulations whose basic pattern is IF A THEN B , where A is a process state or a logic combination states and B is an operation rule. The executing flow of some expert control rule is illustrated in Fig.5, where P1max is the maximum pressure limit value of 1# coke oven, P3min is the minimum pressure limit value of 3# coke oven.

Figure 5. The executing flow of expert control rule

IV.

EXPERIMENT RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The fuzzy control algorithm using expert control which describes in this paper has been put into practical application, and obtained good control performance (as shown in Fig.6). The fuzzy control system can obtain stable control results under the industrial environment.

Figure 4. Expert control structure of collecting main pressure

It acquires and processes information about the collecting main pressure control process. Then the

106

[6]

(a)

(b)

Figure 6. Collecting main pressure system control curve. a. the actuating power control curve; b. the Collecting main pressure control curve

X. S. Chen , Q. Li, S.M. Fei, Supervisory expert control for ball mill grinding circuits. Expert Systems with Applications, 2008, 34(3): 1877-1885. [7] N. Golea, A. Golea, K. Barra, Observer-based adaptive control of robot manipulators: fuzzy systems approach. Applied Soft Computing, 2008, 8: 77878. [8] H. B. Liu, S. Y. Li, T. Y. Chai, Intelligent decoupling control of power plant main steam pressure and power output. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2003, 25: 809-819. [9] S. Y. Li, Fuzzy control, Neurocontrol and Intelligent Cybernetics[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of technology Press, 1998. [10] D. A. Linkens, M.Y. Chen, Expert Control Systems-I. Concepts, Characteristics and Issues. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1995, 8(4): 413-421. [11] D. A. Linkens, M.Y. Chen, Expert Control Systems-2. Design principles and methods. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1995, 8(5): 527-537.

The expert control algorithm optimizes the actuating set-points for the collecting main pressure control system worked in the requirement range. The experiment result meets the requirement of collecting main pressures control. The control system can make pressure stable in the requirement range and obtain well control performance. V. CONLUSIONS As fuzzy control gives more reliable and faster results compared to traditional control systems. The collecting main pressure fuzzy control system can obtain well control performance in the practice pressures control. Fuzzy control algorithm based on expert control method can use to control the multi-variables, nonlinear and heavy coupling system. The practical operation result proves to be practical and convenient for on-line implementation. The fuzzy control algorithm can meet the real-time control requirement for collecting main pressure control. In further studies, expanding the experimental to a highstable collecting main pressure control system will be investigated. In addition, a hybrid optimization control system which can optimize the feed-forward decoupling controller by should also be developed. REFERENCES
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