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Worked Bode Diagram Example

This document provides an example of sketching the Bode diagram for a transfer function. It first computes the zeros and poles of the given transfer function. It then rewrites the transfer function as the sum of its components. The Bode diagram is constructed by separately plotting the magnitude and phase responses of each component and then summing them to obtain the overall Bode diagram. Key features like asymptotes, gain, phase, and resonant peaks are identified.

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Andrei Lucian Milea
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views

Worked Bode Diagram Example

This document provides an example of sketching the Bode diagram for a transfer function. It first computes the zeros and poles of the given transfer function. It then rewrites the transfer function as the sum of its components. The Bode diagram is constructed by separately plotting the magnitude and phase responses of each component and then summing them to obtain the overall Bode diagram. Key features like asymptotes, gain, phase, and resonant peaks are identified.

Uploaded by

Andrei Lucian Milea
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worked Bode Diagram Example

Problem. Sketch the Bode diagram for the following transfer function: G(s) = s2 + 101s + 100 . s2 + 4s + 100

Solution. First, compute the zeros and poles. Using the quadratic equation, the zeros are: z1,2 = 1 101 2 (101)2 4(100) = 1, 100

Since these roots are both real, we may rewrite the numerator polynomial as a product of rst order terms: s2 + 101s + 100 = (s + 1)(s + 100) = The poles are: 1 s (s + 1) +1 100 100

1 4 (42 4(100) . 2 Since these form a complex conjugate pair, we leave the denominator expression as a quadratic form, but rewrite it in the following form: p1,2 = s2 + 4s + 100 = s2 + 2(0.2)(10)s + (10)2 s 2 s = 100 + 2(0.2) +1 10 10 Here, we have recognized that the natural frequency and damping ratio associated with the complex conjugate pair are n = 10 and = 0.2. We may rewrite G(s) as G(s) = (s + 1)
s 10 2 s 100

+1
s 10

+ 2(0.2)

+1

Since the system has a unity DC gain, the Bode diagram will be the sum of the Bode diagrams for the terms j 1 (j + 1) , . +1 , and 2 100 j j + 2(0 . 2) + 1 10 10 Consider the magnitude plot (in decibels) for the rst term: s + 1. It has a low frequency asymptote of zero decibels and a high frequency asymptote with a slope of 20 decibels per decade. The asymptotes intersect at the corner frequency = 1 radian per second. The phase at low frequency is zero and the phase at j high frequency is 90 . The phase passes through 45 at the corner frequency. The second term 100 + 1 has identical characteristics, except that the corner frequency is = 100 radians per second. The third term
j 10 2

1 + 2(0.2)
j 10

. +1

represents a complex conjugate pair of poles with damping ratio = 0.2 and natural frequency n = 10 radians per second. This term exhibits a low frequency asymptote of zero decibels per decade and a high frequency asymptote of negative 40 decibels per decade. Because the damping ratio is less than 22 , there

Bode Diagram 100 50 Magnitude (dB) Phase (deg) 0 50 100 150 90 45 0 45 90 135 180 10
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

10

10

10 Frequency (rad/sec)

10

10

10

Figure 1: Bode diagrams of all three terms. is a resonance peak just below the corner frequency at n . (The smaller the damping ratio, the larger the resonance peak.) There is also a rapid shift from the low frequency phase of zero to the high frequency phase of 180 . See Figure 1.Summing the three contributions (magnitude and phase) gives the Bode diagram shown in Figure 2.

Bode Diagram 100 50 Magnitude (dB) Phase (deg) 0 50 100 150 90 45 0 45 90 135 180 10
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

10

10

10 Frequency (rad/sec)

10

10

10

Figure 2: Bode diagram of G(s).

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