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Tutorial
This tutorial provides a brief overview of the basic operation of the ETAP program. Once you finish this tutorial, you will be familiar with some the key features and capabilities of the program and the various modules available for performing power system analysis.

Topics:

Starting ETAP Opening the Example Project One Line Diagram and Editors Load Flow Analysis Mode Exercise
Starting ETAP
1. Start the ETAP program by double-clicking on the icon.

Opening the Example Project File

2. Type your User Name in the Logon editor, and select the Project editor option in the Select Access Level editor.

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As previously mentioned, ETAP organizes all work as projects. Each project provides all the necessary tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. Projects consist of electrical systems that require unique electrical components and interconnections. The Example project includes a one-line diagram of an electrical system. Notice the toolbars on the top and the right-hand side of the oneline diagram.

One-line Diagram and Editors

Graphically add, delete, relocate, and connect elements. Zoom in or out. Display grid off or on. Change element size and orientation. Change symbols. Hide or show protective devices. Enter properties. Set operating status.

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The ETAP one-line diagram is a one-line representation of a power system. The one-line diagram is the starting point for all studies. You can graphically construct your electrical system by connecting the buses, branches, motors, generators, and protective devices in any order from the one-line diagramEdit toolbar. You can connect the elements to the buses graphically or from their editors. You can double-click elements to open their editors and edit the engineering properties, such as ratings, settings, and loading, connections.

Editors
1. Double-click the Power Grid (Utility) symbol on the one-line diagram and view the Utility editor. This is where you enter data for the utility machine model.

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2. Select different pages of this editor and look over the type of information that you can provide to model a utility machine.

3. Click OK and close the editor.

4. Double-click other elements and explore their editors. Each available element has a customized editor.

5. Double-click the synchronous motor Syn1 and view its editor. This is where you enter data used for synchronous motor models.

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Editors are designed so that you can enter a minimum amount of information and still be able to run different studies. Voltage and HP data are all you need to perform most studies. If you are interested in modeling a motor dynamically for motor acceleration or transient stability studies, you need to enter more detailed information such as the motor model, inertia, and load model. An exercise that illustrates this point is included at the end of this tutorial.

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6. Click on OK and close the editor.

Composite Networks
A composite network is an aggregate of all components in a subsystem, since it can contain buses, branches, loads, sources, and even other composite networks or composite motors. You can nest your subsystems to an unlimited number of layers. This allows you to construct systems and nest elements by their voltage levels, by physical layout, by the geometrical requirements of elements, by study requirements, by relays and control device requirements, by logical layout of elements, etc. You have full control over how the system should be nested.

1. Double-click on the composite network Sub3 Net. The Sub3 Net view, which is a one-line diagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.

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2. To change the number of pins, right-click on Sub3 Net and select Pins.

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3. Composite networks can have 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 external connection points (pins). These are the top pin (~Top1); left pins (~Left1 to ~Left9), right pins (~Rt1 to ~Rt9), and the bottom pin (~Bot1). Right-click on the background of the composite network Sub3Net to hide or show unconnected pins.

Composite Network Sub3 Net with 8 Pins

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The pins for the composite motors can be connected to any bus, branch, load, or protective device. Once a pin is connected internally or externally to an element, it becomes a proxy for that element and all connection rules for the element apply to the connected pin. To illustrate this, both AC & DC elements are added to Sub3 Net and are displayed here.

The number of levels where you can nest composite networks inside of other composite networks is unlimited. There is no limitation on the number of elements that you can include inside a composite network. The user interface characteristics of composite networks are the same as the one-line diagram where you can include both AC and DC elements.

Composite Motors
4. Double-click on the composite motor Comp Mtr1. The Comp Mtr1 view, which is a one-line diagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.

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Composite motors are used as a tool to group motors in the system. The elements that you can include inside a composite motor are:

AC Composite Motor
Induction Motor Synchronous Motor Lumped Load Static Load MOV Composite Motor Circuit Breaker (LV & HV) Fuse Contactor Switch Instrument Transformers Relays

DC Composite Motor
DC Motor DC Lumped Load DC Static Load DC Composite CSD DC Composite Motor DC Circuit Breaker DC Fuse

The number of levels that you can nest composite motors inside composite motors is unlimited.

One-Line Diagram Menu Bar

The One-Line Diagram menu bar above is displayed when a one-line diagram is active. The One-Line Diagram menu bar contains a list of menus, each of which contain a drop-down list of commands. Some of the menu commands also have pulldown submenus (an arrow pointing to the right denotes a submenu). For example, you can select Project, point to Settings, then select the Data Type command.

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Project Toolbar

The Project toolbar contains buttons that are shortcuts for many of the commonly used commands in ETAP.

Mode Toolbar

In general, ETAP has three modes of operation: Edit, AC Study, and DC Study. The AC Study mode consists of the following:

Balanced Load Flow Unbalanced Load Flow Short Circuit Motor Starting Harmonics Transient Stability Protective Device Coordination (ETAP Star) Optimal Load Flow Reliability Analysis Optimal Capacitor Placement

The DC Study mode consists of DC Load Flow, DC Short Circuit, and Battery Sizing Analysis.

Edit Mode

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Edit mode enables you to build your one-line diagram, change system connections, edit engineering properties, save your project, and generate schedule reports in Crystal Reports formats. The Edit toolbars for both AC and DC elements will be displayed to the right side of the ETAP window when this mode is active.

1. To add elements to the one-line view:

Click on any of the elements on the right-hand side toolbar. The cursor symbol changes to the symbol shape.

Move the cursor to any location on the one-line view.

Click again and the element is added to the one-line view.

2. To connect elements in the one-line view:

For practice, add a bus and a transformer to the one-line view.

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Move your cursor to the top pin of the transformer close enough that a red square appears.

Left-click, hold, and drag the cursor to the bus close enough that the bus becomes red.

Release the mouse button, and the connection is completed.

Study Modes
Study modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, and view output reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study Toolbar for the selected study is displayed on the right side of the screen. You can run studies, transfer data, and change display options by clicking the buttons on the Study toolbar. As an example, Load Flow Analysis Mode is described next.

Load Flow Analysis Mode

Note: The Load Flow toolbar is now displayed on the right side of the ETAP. Also, the top toolbar becomes the Study Case toolbar.

2. Click on the Run Load Flow icon on the Load Flow Toolbar. Study results will be displayed on the one-line diagram. Review the calculation results and familiarize yourself with the type of information displayed on your one-line diagram.

3. Click on the Display Options and explore the variety of options available for the displayed results.

4. Click on the Alert to display Critical and Marginal limit violations for the selected output report.

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5. Click on the Report Manager to view and/or print any part of the output report.

6. Click on the Edit Study Case button on the Study Case Toolbar and study the solution parameters and alert settings available for Load Flow Analysis.

Load Flow Analysis Results Displayed on the One-Line Diagram

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After you run load flow, results are displayed on the One-Line Diagram.

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Exercise
Complete this tutorial to familiarize yourself with how the program works. In this tutorial, you will add a new 13.2 kV induction motor to the system and run a Load Flow study. This tutorial also shows the minimum data required to perform studies for a motor.

Steps:
1. Click on the Edit Mode button of the Mode Toolbar.

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2. Add an induction motor to the one-line view.

3. Connect the motor to the bus Sub2B.

4. Double-click on the motor and open its editor.

5. Go to the Nameplate page. Note that the motor voltage is automatically set to 13.2 kV since it was connected to a 13.8 kV bus. You can change the voltage if you wish.

6. Enter 2000 for HP and click on any other field. The program automatically enters typical nameplate data for the specified motor size. Click on OK.

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7. Switch to Load Flow Mode.

8. Run load flow. Note that the Study Case (solution parameters) for this run is LF 100A and the output report filename is LF100rpt.

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9. Look at the results displayed before and after Mtr1 was added. Use the Display Options to change display

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