Excel Formulas & Formula Inputs Functions Formula Elements Excel Math Symbols Order of Precedents Exponents Number

1 Number Formatting Data in Excel Percent & Percent Change Cell References Stylistic Formatting

Add 4 What is Excel? Columns Rows Cells Range of cells Worksheet Sheet Tab Workbook Ctrl + Page Up & Ctrl + Page Down Ribbons QAT Scroll Bars Formula & Functions Formula Bar Name Box
==> Calculations

5 0.12 100

3 Min 0.09

12 Calculation Alt + =

Data Analysis Store raw data

0.15

0.09 Calculation & Data Analysis Minus 75 25

& Data Analysis

finance Add 4 What is Excel? Columns Rows Cells Range of cells Worksheet Sheet Tab Workbook Ctrl + Page Up & Ctrl + Page Down Ribbons QAT Scroll Bars Formula & Functions Formula Bar Name Box
==> Calculations

5 0.12 100

3 Min 0.09

12 Calculation Alt + =

Data Analysis Store raw data

0.15

0.09 Calculation & Data Analysis Minus 75 25

& Data Analysis

Loan Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate Never:

50000 0.0795 2 0.03975

Total Revenue Total Expenses Net Income Effective Rate 0.081080062

65000 53210 11790

Equal sign starts all formulas Formula inputs are items the formula uses like, annual rate, periods per year, revenue, expenses If a formula input can change: 1) Put it in a cell, 2) Label the cell, 3) refer to the formula input with a cell reference. If a formula input can change: DO NOT TYPE THE NUMBER INTO THE FORMULA. Entering cell references into formulas: 1) If the cell references are close to the formula, use the arrow keys, 2) If the cell references are NOT close to the formula, use the mouse In this class, I will color all formula cells green and most labels will be dark blue

Loan Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate Never:

50000 0.0795 2 0.03975 0.03875

Total Revenue Total Expenses Net Income Effective Rate 0.081080062

65000 53210 11790

Equal sign starts all formulas Formula inputs are items the formula uses like, annual rate, periods per year, revenue, expenses If a formula input can change: 1) Put it in a cell, 2) Label the cell, 3) refer to the formula input with a cell reference. If a formula input can change: DO NOT TYPE THE NUMBER INTO THE FORMULA. Entering cell references into formulas: 1) If the cell references are close to the formula, use the arrow keys, 2) If the cell references are NOT close to the formula, use the mouse In this class, I will color all formula cells green and most labels will be dark blue

A Function is built-in code that makes a certain calculation or does a certain task. For example, the SUM function will add values from a range of cells, the AVERAGE will calculate the average (arithmetic mean), and the PMT function can calculate a loan payment If you have a choice between a formula like =SUM(B2:B5) and =B2+B3+B4+B5, choose =SUM(B2:B5) because it is faster to create and it can handle structural updates like inserting a row. Screen Tips help greatly with entering function arguments. You can search for functions if you click the fx button on the formula bar. Cash Flows -1000 500 500 500 Total Cash Flow Over 3 years 500 Keyboard for SUM: Alt + = Returns -0.015 -0.225 0.025 0.0365 Average (Mean) -0.044625 Cash Flows -1000 500 500 500

Never:

Loan Annual Rate Years Yearly Payment

50000 0.0875 10 -$7,705.48 Ctrl + 1 opens Format Cells Dialog box

Shift + F3 opens Insert Function dialog box

ens Format Cells Dialog box

A Function is built-in code that makes a certain calculation or does a certain task. For example, the SUM function will add values from a range of cells, the AVERAGE will calculate the average (arithmetic mean), and the PMT function can calculate a loan payment If you have a choice between a formula like =SUM(B2:B5) and =B2+B3+B4+B5, choose =SUM(B2:B5) because it is faster to create and it can handle structural updates like inserting a row. Screen Tips help greatly with entering function arguments. You can search for functions if you click the fx button on the formula bar. Cash Flows -1000 500 400 500 500 Total Cash Flow Over 3 years 900 Keyboard for SUM: Alt + = Returns -0.015 -0.225 0.025 0.0365 Average (Mean) -0.044625 Cash Flows -1000 500 400 500 500

Never:

500

Loan Annual Rate Years Yearly Payment

50000 0.0875 10

-$7,705.48 Ctrl + 1 opens Format Cells Dialog box ($7,705.48) Shift + F3 opens Insert Function dialog box

mat Cells Dialog box

1) Equal sign (starts all formulas). 2) Cell references (also: Defined Names, sheet references, workbook references). 3) Math operators (plus, subtract, multiply, etc.). 4) Built-in Functions (AVERAGE, SUM, PMT, etc.) 5) Numbers (If the number will not change, like 12 months, 24 hours). 6) Comparative operators (=, >, >=, <, <=, <>) 7)Thejoinsymbol,ampersand,&(Shift+7) 8)Textthatisinquotes(example:ForTheMonthEnded) 9) Arrays constant (example: {1,2,3})

You must learn Excel's Operation Symbols

Parenthesis Exponents Multiply Divide Add Subtract Equal Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than Less than or equal to Not Join () ^ * / + = > >= < <= <> & Shift + 9 and Shift + 0 Shift + 6 Number pad Number pad Number pad Number pad Left of Backspace Shift + . 2 characters next to each other Shift + , 2 characters next to each other 2 characters next to each other Shift + 7 Add 5 6 11 Alt + = Subtract 2 5 -3 Divide 5 2 2.5

Divide 2 5 0.4

Multiply

These are called Logical Formulas (can come out to be TRUE or FALSE Exponent Equal? Greater than? 6 6 10.01 12 6 2 10.00 11 36 36 FALSE TRUE 36 because of decimals not showing

You must learn Excel's Operation Symbols

Parenthesis Exponents Multiply Divide Add Subtract Equal Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than Less than or equal to Not Join () ^ * / + = > >= < <= <> & Shift + 9 and Shift + 0 Shift + 6 Number pad Number pad Number pad Number pad Left of Backspace Shift + . 2 characters next to each other Shift + , 2 characters next to each other 2 characters next to each other Shift + 7 Add 5 6 11 Alt + = Subtract 2 5 -3 Divide 5 2 2.5

Divide 2 5 0.4

Multiply

These are called Logical Formulas (can come out to be TRUE or FALSE Exponent Equal? Greater than? 6 6 10.01 12 6 2 10.00 11 36 36 FALSE TRUE 36 because of decimals not showing

Order of Operations

1 2 3 4

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

Parenthesis () Exponents ^ Multiply & Divide (Left to Right) *,/ Adding & Suntracting (Left To Right) + , 2+2*3^2 = 144? 2+2*3^2 = 20?

Excel's Order of Operations:

Parenthesis ( ) Ranges use of colon symbol ":" Example: =SUM(A1:A4) Evaluate intersections with spaces Example: =E12:G12 F10:F15 (retrieve what is in F12) Evaluate unions (,) Example: =SUM(E10:G10,E14:G14) Negation (-) Example: =-2^4 16 Example: =-(2^4) -16 Converts % (1% .01) Exponents (^) Example: 4^(1/2) = 2 Example: 3^2 = 9 Multiplication (*) and division (/), left to right Adding (+) and subtracting (-), left to right Ampersand (&) Comparative symbols: =, <>, >=, <=, <, > If anything is still left, then left to right

Order of Operations

1 2 3 4

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally

Parenthesis () Exponents ^ Multiply & Divide (Left to Right) *,/ Adding & Suntracting (Left To Right) + , 2+2*3^2 = 144? 144 2+2*3^2 = 20? 20

Excel's Order of Operations:

Parenthesis ( ) Ranges use of colon symbol ":" Example: =SUM(A1:A4) Evaluate intersections with spaces Example: =E12:G12 F10:F15 (retrieve what is in F12) Evaluate unions (,) Example: =SUM(E10:G10,E14:G14) Negation (-) Example: =-2^4 16 Example: =-(2^4) -16 Converts % (1% .01) Exponents (^) Example: 4^(1/2) = 2 Example: 3^2 = 9 Multiplication (*) and division (/), left to right Adding (+) and subtracting (-), left to right Ampersand (&) Comparative symbols: =, <>, >=, <=, <, > If anything is still left, then left to right

Base Exponent 2^6 = ? Annual Rate Periods per year Years Future Value Factor *Square means 2 Number Square root n root of 8, where n = 3

Number (radicand) n root 3rd root of 8 = ? 8^3

Base Exponent 2^6 = ? Annual Rate Periods per year Years Future Value Factor *Square means 2 Number Square root n root of 8, where n = 3 n root means "what times itself n times equals the number?" Number (radicand) n root 3rd root of 8 = ? 8^3

2 6

0.1 12 30

16

8 3 because 2*2*2 = 8

Base Exponent 2^6 = ? Annual Rate Periods per year Years Future Value Factor *Square means 2 Number Square root n root of 8, where n = 3

Number (radicand) n root 3rd root of 8 = ? 8^3

Base Exponent 2^6 = ? Annual Rate Periods per year Years Future Value Factor *Square means 2 Number Square root n root of 8, where n = 3 n root means "what times itself n times equals the number?" Number (radicand) n root 3rd root of 8 = ? 8^3

2 6 64 0.1 12 30 19.8374

16 4

8 3 2 because 2*2*2 = 8

See pdf

Ctrl + 1 opens Format Cells Dialog box General Change Currency (Ctrl + Shift + ~) Decimals Comma (Ctrl + Shift + 4) Accounting $55.54 10 1000 1000 1000 $55.54 10 1000 1000 1000 $55.54 10 1000 1000 1000 Total 30.03 Loan Due Today Days Past Due

Keyboard for today's date = Ctrl + ;

Date 15/01/2012 15/01/2012 15/01/2012 8/1/2010 9/15/2010

Keyboard for today's date = Ctrl + ;

Date 1 1 1

Date 2 2 2 Loan Amount Loan Issue Date Loan Length in days Maturity Date

Date 40436 40436 40436 $50,000.00 9/15/2010 45

Ctrl + 1 opens Format Cells Dialog box General Change (Ctrl + Shift + ~) Decimals 55.5421122 10.01 55.5421122 10.01 55.5421122 10.01 Total 30.03 Currency Comma (Ctrl + Shift + 4) 1,000.00 $1,000.00000 1,000.00 $1,000.00000 1,000.00 $1,000.00000

Keyboard for today's date = Ctrl + ;

Accounting Date $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 Loan Due Today Days Past Due

40436 40466 40497 8/1/2010 9/15/2010 45

board for today's date = Ctrl + ;

Date Date Date Sunday, January 01, 1900 Monday, January 02, 1900 9/15/2010 Sunday, January 01, 1900 Monday, January 02, 1900 9/15/2010 Sunday, January 01, 1900 Monday, January 02, 1900 9/15/2010 Loan Amount Loan Issue Date Loan Length in days Maturity Date $50,000.00 9/15/2010 45 10/30/2010 10/30/2010

Dates 9/15/2010 9/16/2010 9/17/2010 9/18/2010 9/19/2010 9/20/2010 9/21/2010

Sales $557.00 $1,067.00 $784.00 $694.00 $1,068.00 $1,125.00 $557.00

Sales Rep Joe Sioux Chin Phil Mo Tina Luong

Product Sold Product 1 Product 3 Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 1 Product 2

By default, numbers aligned right 9/15/2010 9/15/2010

By default, text aligned left

Apostrophe as lead character Cell Formatted with Text Numner format

Percent Number Format

Number First, Then Format Format First, Then Type No. Format as you Type

0.02

0.0144

Percent = Part/Total Total Revenue COGS expense COGS expense as a percent of Total Revenue 1000 455

Percent Change = (End - Beg)/Beg = End/Beg-1 Stock value at beginning of year 95 Stock value at end of year 98.75 % change % change Percent Increase New Sales $100.00 Increase Sales by 10% Sales

1.1

100 * 10% = 10 100 + 10 = 110 100 + 100 * 10% 100*1 + 100 * 10% 100*(1 + 10%) 100*(1 + 0.1) 100*(1.1) 100*1.1 Percent Decrease Sales New Sales $100.00 Decrease Sales by 10%

0.9

Percent Number Format

Number First, Then Format Format First, Then Type No. Format as you Type

2% 2.00% 2.00%

200% 2.00% 1.596%

1.440%

Percent = Part/Total Total Revenue COGS expense COGS expense as a percent of Total Revenue 1000 455 45.50%

Percent Change = (End - Beg)/Beg = End/Beg-1 Stock value at beginning of year 95 Stock value at end of year 98.75 % change 3.9474% % change 3.9474% Percent Increase New Sales $100.00 $110.00 Increase Sales by 10% 1.1 Sales 100 * 10% = 10 100 + 10 = 110 100 + 100 * 10% 100*1 + 100 * 10% 100*(1 + 10%) 100*(1 + 0.1) 100*(1.1) 100*1.1 Percent Decrease Sales New Sales $100.00 $90.00 Decrease Sales by 10% 0.9

We use cell references in formulas that point to formula inputs. This way if we want to change the formula inputs, it is easy to do. Relative cell references mean that the cell references moves relatively throughout the formula copy action. Absolute cell references mean that the cell references is locked throughout the formula copy action. To lock a cell reference, use the F4 key to add dollar signs to convert the relative cell references to an absolute cell reference. Day Day1 Day2 Day3 Day4 Day5 Day6 Day7 Cash In $14,995.00 $11,846.00 $12,035.00 $5,513.00 $14,333.00 $19,413.00 $17,860.00 Cash Out Net Cash Flow For Day $19,353.00 -$4,358.00 $7,698.00 $4,148.00 $17,226.00 -$5,191.00 $13,434.00 -$7,921.00 $12,108.00 $2,225.00 $13,347.00 $6,066.00 $22,132.00 -$4,272.00

Loan Loan Option5 Loan Option4 Loan Option3 Loan Option6 Loan Option1 Loan Option2

Annual Rate 8.75% Amount Interest $125,000.00 $10,937.50 $90,000.00 $7,875.00 $75,000.00 $6,562.50 $68,500.00 $5,993.75 $50,500.00 $4,418.75 $15,000.00 $1,312.50

We use cell references in formulas that point to formula inputs. This way if we want to change the formula inputs, it is easy to do. Relative cell references mean that the cell references moves relatively throughout the formula copy action. Absolute cell references mean that the cell references is locked throughout the formula copy action. To lock a cell reference, use the F4 key to add dollar signs to convert the relative cell references to an absolute cell reference. Day Day1 Day2 Day3 Day4 Day5 Day6 Day7 Cash In $14,995.00 $11,846.00 $12,035.00 $5,513.00 $14,333.00 $19,413.00 $17,860.00 Cash Out Net Cash Flow For Day $19,353.00 -$4,358.00 $7,698.00 $4,148.00 $17,226.00 -$5,191.00 $13,434.00 -$7,921.00 $12,108.00 $2,225.00 $13,347.00 $6,066.00 $22,132.00 -$4,272.00

Loan Loan Option5 Loan Option4 Loan Option3 Loan Option6 Loan Option1 Loan Option2

Annual Rate 8.75% Amount Interest $125,000.00 $10,937.50 $90,000.00 $7,875.00 $75,000.00 $6,562.50 $68,500.00 $5,993.75 $50,500.00 $4,418.75 $15,000.00 $1,312.50

Loan Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate Never:

$50,000.00 7.75% 2 3.88% 0.03875

Loan Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate Never:

$50,000.00 7.750% 2 3.875% 3.875%

In cell A4 type the label "Revenue". In cell A5 type the label "Total Expenses". In cell A6 type the label "Net Income". In cell B4 type the number 500. In cell B5 type the number 400. In cell B6 create the formula for calculating Net Income. Finally, format your mini Income Statement with Number formatting and Stylistic formatting.

Revenue Total Expenses Net Income

$500.00 $400.00 $100.00

In cell A4 type the label "Revenue". In cell A5 type the label "Total Expenses". In cell A6 type the label "Net Income". In cell B4 type the number 500. In cell B5 type the number 400. In cell B6 create the formula for calculating Net Income. Finally, format your mini Income Statement with Number formatting and Stylistic formatting.

Revenue Total Expenses Net Income

$500.00 $400.00 $100.00

In cell A4 create the label "math expression: 9+2+1*8^2". In cell B4 create an Excel formula that will force the adding to be done first, then the multiplyinh, then the exponent. The formula answer must be 9216. You do not have to use cell references, although you could.

math expression: 9+2+1*8^2

9216

In cell A4 create the label "math expression: 9+2+1*8^2". In cell B4 create an Excel formula that will force the adding to be done first, then the multiplyinh, then the exponent. The formula answer must be 9216. You do not have to use cell references, although you could.

math expression: 9+2+1*8^2

9216

In cell B6, create a formula that calcualtes the period rate.

Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate

11.25% 2 0.05625

In cell B6, create a formula that calculates the period rate.

Annual Rate Periods per Year Period Rate

11.25% 2 0.05625

In D5, create the formula Sales minus COGS, and then copy it down through the range D5:D14. Then format the numbers with Accounting Number Format.

Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Sales $ 92,808.00 $ 103,740.00 $ 92,828.00 $ 56,032.00 $ 83,685.00 $ 89,271.00 $ 120,530.00 $ 81,764.00 $ 101,728.00 $ 79,359.00

COGS $ 81,230.82 $ 32,966.53 $ 10,560.39 $ 51,268.67 $ 33,203.66 $ 26,838.68 $ 79,725.78 $ 61,115.56 $ 3,733.35 $ 50,690.06

Profit $ 11,577.18 $ 70,773.47 $ 82,267.61 $ 4,763.33 $ 50,481.34 $ 62,432.32 $ 40,804.22 $ 20,648.44 $ 97,994.65 $ 28,668.94

In D5, create the formula Sales minus COGS, and then copy it down through the range D5:D14. Then format the numbers with Accounting Number Format.

Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Sales $ 92,808.00 $ 103,740.00 $ 92,828.00 $ 56,032.00 $ 83,685.00 $ 89,271.00 $ 120,530.00 $ 81,764.00 $ 101,728.00 $ 79,359.00

COGS $ 81,230.82 $ 32,966.53 $ 10,560.39 $ 51,268.67 $ 33,203.66 $ 26,838.68 $ 79,725.78 $ 61,115.56 $ 3,733.35 $ 50,690.06

Profit $ 11,577.18 $ 70,773.47 $ 82,267.61 $ 4,763.33 $ 50,481.34 $ 62,432.32 $ 40,804.22 $ 20,648.44 $ 97,994.65 $ 28,668.94

In E5, create the formula "Profit Before Tax times Tax Rate" , and then copy it down through the range E5:E14. Then format the numbers with Accounting Number Format. Be sure to use the correct Relative and Absolute Cell References.

Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Sales $ 169,864.00 $ 112,663.00 $ 151,992.00 $ 156,866.00 $ 108,855.00 $ 145,067.00 $ 195,791.00 $ 144,664.00 $ 169,962.00 $ 168,508.00

Total Expenses Before Tax $ 17,641.00 $ 81,793.00 $ 131,215.00 $ 130,607.00 $ 9,203.00 $ 96,964.00 $ 105,986.00 $ 72,052.00 $ 19,366.00 $ 162,750.00

Profit Before Tax $ 152,223.00 $ 30,870.00 $ 20,777.00 $ 26,259.00 $ 99,652.00 $ 48,103.00 $ 89,805.00 $ 72,612.00 $ 150,596.00 $ 5,758.00

Tax Expense $ 34,250.18 $ 6,945.75 $ 4,674.83 $ 5,908.28 $ 22,421.70 $ 10,823.18 $ 20,206.13 $ 16,337.70 $ 33,884.10 $ 1,295.55

Tax Rate 22.50%

In E5, create the formula "Profit Before Tax times Tax Rate" , and then copy it down through the range E5:E14. Then format the numbers with Accounting Number Format. Be sure to use the correct Relative and Absolute Cell References.

Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Sales $ 169,864.00 $ 112,663.00 $ 151,992.00 $ 156,866.00 $ 108,855.00 $ 145,067.00 $ 195,791.00 $ 144,664.00 $ 169,962.00 $ 168,508.00

Total Expenses Before Tax $ 17,641.00 $ 81,793.00 $ 131,215.00 $ 130,607.00 $ 9,203.00 $ 96,964.00 $ 105,986.00 $ 72,052.00 $ 19,366.00 $ 162,750.00

Profit Before Tax $ 152,223.00 $ 30,870.00 $ 20,777.00 $ 26,259.00 $ 99,652.00 $ 48,103.00 $ 89,805.00 $ 72,612.00 $ 150,596.00 $ 5,758.00

Tax Expense $ 34,250.18 $ 6,945.75 $ 4,674.83 $ 5,908.28 $ 22,421.70 $ 10,823.18 $ 20,206.13 $ 16,337.70 $ 33,884.10 $ 1,295.55

Tax Rate 22.50%

In math we can write this math expression on the board: (1+.01)12*5 . In cell A4 create a label. In cell B4 create the Excel formula to calculate (1+.01)12*5 . You must use cell references and label the cell references: .01 = Monthly Rate, 12 = Periods per Year, 5 = Years.

Math expression (1+.01)^12*51.816696699 Monthly rate Periods per year Years 1.00% 12 5

check:

1.816696699

In math we can write this math expression on the board: (1+.01)12*5 . In cell A4 create a label. In cell B4 create the Excel formula to calculate (1+.01)12*5 . You must use cell references and label the cell references: .01 = Monthly Rate, 12 = Periods per Year, 5 = Years.

Formula for (1+.01)12*5 Monthly Rate Periods Per Year Years

1.816696699 0.01 12 5

check:

1.816696699

In cell B5, calculate the Maturity Date for the loan (when loan must be paid) Loan Issue Date Length of Loan in Days Maturity Date 9/16/2010 120 1/14/2011

In cell B5, calculate the Maturity Date for the loan (when loan must be paid) Loan Issue Date Length of Loan in Days Maturity Date 9/16/2010 120 1/14/2011

In cell B5 calculate the percentage change for the stock between Jan 1 and Dec 31. Format the dollar amounts to show 2 decimals and the % change amount to show 3 decimals (like 1.232%). Value of Stock on Jan 1 Value of Stock on Dec 31 % Change $98.00 $102.50 4.592%

In cell B5 calculate the percentage change for the stock between Jan 1 and Dec 31. Format the dollar amounts to show 2 decimals and the % change amount to show 3 decimals (like 1.232%). Value of Stock on Jan 1 Value of Stock on Dec 31 % Change $98.00 $102.50 4.592%

In cell B5 calcualte the percentage change for the stock between the begin date and end date. Format the dollar amounts to show 2 decimals and the % change amount to show 3 decimals (like 1.232%). Value of Stock AIG stock on Jan 1, 2007 Value of Stock AIG stock on Dec 31, 2009 % Change $1,423.60 $29.98 -97.894%

In cell B5 calcualte the percentage change for the stock between the begin date and end date. Format the dollar amounts to show 2 decimals and the % change amount to show 3 decimals (like 1.232%). Value of Stock AIG stock on Jan 1, 2007 Value of Stock AIG stock on Dec 31, 2009 % Change $1,423.60 $29.98 -97.894%