DELHI AIRPORT METRO EXPRESS LINE

Industry Sector Mobility Division

DELHI AIRPORT METRO EXPRESS LINE

PST Series 1000

EMC Plan

Power Supply and Traction (PST)

Name

Department

Date

Signature

Released by:

Mr. Beismann, Helmut

I MO TK 1 R3

08.02.2009

Signed
Beismann

Reviewed by:

Mr. Altmann, Martin

I MO TK ED TP

05.02.2009

signed Altmann

Prepared by:

Mr. Dietrich, Klaus

I MO TK ED TP

30.01.2009

signed Dietrich

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Revision Log

Rev.

Author

Date

Reference

Mr. Dietrich, Klaus

30.01.2009 All

Changes/Subject of revision
First issue

The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights,
including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design,
are reserved.

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1 Summary
This document describes the EMC tasks of the Catenary and Medium Voltage Distribution
Subsystem, the limit values to be met, the measures to be implemented and the proofing
documents to be produced.

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Table of Contents

Summary ............................................................................................................... 3

Scope .................................................................................................................... 5

References ............................................................................................................ 6

Relevant Project Data .......................................................................................... 7

Abbreviations and definitions ............................................................................ 9

5.1

Table of abbreviations ............................................................................................. 9

5.2

Definitions .............................................................................................................. 10

Phenomena of electromagnetic disturbances ................................................ 12

6.1

Sources and sinks of Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem ..................... 12

EMC management, organisation and responsibility ...................................... 14

Requirements ..................................................................................................... 15
8.1

Tender requirements ............................................................................................. 15

8.2

Relevant international and European standards ................................................ 21

8.2.1
8.2.2

8.3

Compatibility of Equipment .......................................................................................... 21

Protection of passengers and staff with implants ......................................................... 21

Cable Categories.................................................................................................... 22

EMC Evaluation .................................................................................................. 24

9.1

Basic Measures ...................................................................................................... 24

9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4

Requirements for equipment ....................................................................................... 24

Meshed earthing system ............................................................................................. 24
Cabling ........................................................................................................................ 24
Further Measures ........................................................................................................ 25

9.2

Calculations and Simulations ............................................................................... 25

9.3

Specific Issues ....................................................................................................... 25

9.4

EMC Documents .................................................................................................... 26

10

Annexes ........................................................................................................... 27

10.1

Emission limits of the Overall system .............................................................. 27

10.2

Immunity limits of cardiac pacemakers ........................................................... 28

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Scope

For the purpose of safe and punctual transport of passengers among others the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of all subsystems and components of the Delhi Metro Project is
mandatory. This way EMC forms a feature of the system quality.
EMC is the ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment [IEC60050-161-01-07].
A typical railway system is a complex installation with static and moving sources of electromagnetic disturbance and also a wide range of electromagnetic susceptible equipment.
There are also electromagnetic sources in the neighbourhood of the railway, such as radio
transmitters, power distribution networks and other railways, and sinks like telecommunication
networks and perhaps medical institutions. They may interfere with the railway system and
therefore shall be part of the EMC analyses.
Disturbances have to be limited to reasonable values and the equipment adjacent to sources of
disturbances needs adequate level of immunity to get the system function satisfactorily in its
environment. As far as safety relevant subsystems are the potential sinks, like signalling and
automatic train protection system, immunity including a safety margin is essential to ensure a
high availability of this type of subsystems.
EMC is the preconditions for the system availability.
Furthermore the system shall not influence its environment in an inadmissible manner.
The EMC Management Plan [3] prepared on a system-wide level ensures that all aspects of
EMC are adequately addressed at every stage during the system development. It describes the
management rules and procedures how EMC will be achieved between subsystems and to the
environment.
The present document describes the technical and organisational measures to be implemented
by the Catenary and Medium Voltage Distribution subsystems for their portion of works under
the framework of the EMC management plan.
In case a safety related subsystem gets interfered despite the preventive measures taken it has
to reach a safe state. This issue is not scope of the present document; it will be handled in the
Hazard Analysis of the project.

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3 References
[1]

DAMEPL PST Series 1000, Delhi Airport Metro Express Line, Volume III, Employer Requirements: General Specification, October 2008

[2]

DAMEPL PST Series 1000, Delhi Airport Metro Express Line, Volume III, Employer Requirements: Technical Specification, October 2008

[3]

EMC Management Plan, Initial Engineering Submission, Version 3, September 2008

[4]

EN 50121-4 (2000-09), Electromagnetic compatibility - Railway applications,

part 4: Emission and Immunity of the signalling and telecommunications apparatus

[5]

EN 50121-5 (2000-09), Electromagnetic compatibility - Railway applications,

part 5: Fixed power supply apparatus and installation

[6]

IEC 61000-6-2 (1999-01), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic

standards Immunity for industrial environments

[7]

IEC 61000-6-4 (1997-01), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-4: Generic

standards Section 4: Emission standard for industrial environments

[8]

EN 50061/A1 (1988-07), Amendment A1 (1995-08), Safety of implantable cardiac

pacemakers;

[9]

DIN V VDE V 0848-4/A3 (1995-07), Safety in electromagnetic fields protection of persons in the frequency range 0 to 30 kHz; Amendment A3

[10] EN 55011 (2000-05), Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment
Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement

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4 Relevant Project Data

The traction electrification system is configured as a simple rail return system with arial
earth wires along the tunnel section and as booster transformer system along the viaduct sections. The traction power supply is provided from 66 / 25 kV receiving substations. The auxiliary substations (ASS), located at the stations are supplied by a 3phase cable ring along the line, fed also by these two receiving substations with
66 / 33 kV transformers.
Length of the line:

22900 m

Number of stations:

Number of receiving substations:

2 (km 3.9 and km 17.1)

Headway:

3.5 min

Vehicle:

4 car train 4M2T

Max. Speed

135 km/h

OHLE nominal voltage

25 kV

Auxiliary power supply voltage

33 kV

The following table gives an approximate overview the different tunnel and viaduct sections for information only (actual locations may differ slightly):
Track alignment

Track section

0 0.47

Cut & cover tunnel

0.47 3.0

Bored tunnel

3.0 3.9

Cut & cover tunnel

3.9 6.2

NATM tunnel

6.2 6.5

Cut & cover tunnel

6.5 14.1

Viaduct

14. 1 19.6

Cut & cover tunnel

19.6 21.1

Bored tunnel

21.1 - 23.0

Cut & cover tunnel

PST main components for traction supply:

27.5 kV Gas insulated switchgear incl. control and protection
25 kV power cables for line feeders
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1 kV power cables for return feeders
Along the viaduct section a flexible catenary transmits the power to the trains, consisting of

catenary wire

contact wire

return conductor for booster transformers

pole mounted aerial earth wire (AEW)

buried earth cable (BEC) in the cable ducts.

Within the different tunnel sections a rigid overhead rail transmits the train power, consisting of

rigid rail

contact wire

pole mounted aerial earth wire (AEW)

tunnel earth cable (BEC) installed at tunnel walls.

PST main compontens Auxiliary supply:

33 kV Gas insulated switchgear incl. control and protection
33 kV power cables, laying in thee-foil formation
33 / 0.4 kV transformers
415 V AC- low voltage distribution
110 V DC- distribution
SCADA system
Servers, workstations in OCC and RSS
Remote Terminal Units (RTU) in the related stations
(optical fiber communication cable is in scope of telecommunication contractor)

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5 Abbreviations and definitions

5.1

Table of abbreviations

General

Explanation

Abbreviation
AC or a.c.

Alternating Current

CENELEC

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation

CISPR
DC or d.c.

International Special Committee on Radio Interference

(This is a committee of the IEC.)
Direct Current

DIN

Deutsche Industrie-Norm (German Industrial Standards)

E&B

Earthing and Bonding

EMC

Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMI

Electromagnetic Interference

E&M

Electrical and Mechanical

ESD

Electrostatic Discharge

EN

European Standard

ICNIRP

International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection

IEC

International Electrotechnic Commission of ISO

ISO

International Standard Organisation

LPS

Lightning Protection System

PE(N)

Protective Conductor (or combination with Neutral Conductor)

RMS

Root Mean Square Value

VDE

Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker

(Germans electrotechnic standardisation organisation)

WHO

World Healthy Organisation

OCS

Overhead Catenary System

REL

Subsystem Rail Electrification

TPS

Subsystem Traction Power Supply

TSS

Traction Supply Substation

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5.2

Definitions

For a common understanding of the technical requirements some definitions are essential.
List of definitions:

3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
3.2.5.
3.2.6.
3.2.7.
3.2.8.
3.2.9.
3.2.10.
3.2.11.
3.2.12.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) [IEC 60050-161-01-07] ...................................... 10

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) [IEC 60050-161-01-06] ........................................ 10
(Electromagnetic) emission [IEC 60050-161-01-08] .................................................... 10
Inter-system interference [IEC 60050-161-01-15] ........................................................ 10
Intra-system interference [IEC 60050-161-01-16] ........................................................ 10
Immunity (to a disturbance) [IEC 60050-161-01-20] .................................................... 10
Emitter (of electromagnetic disturbance) [IEC 60050-161-01-23] ................................ 11
Susceptible device [IEC 60050-161-01-24] ................................................................. 11
Electromagnetic environment [IEC 60050-161-01-01] ................................................. 11
Environment (neighbourhood) [EN 50121-2] ............................................................... 11
Functional safety [IEC 61000-1-2] .............................................................................. 11
Railway system [EN 50121-1- excerpt annex A] .......................................................... 11

4.2.1. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

[IEC 60050-161-01-07]

The ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
Remark: EMC is a precondition for the system availability.
4.2.2. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI)

[IEC 60050-161-01-06]

Degradation of the performance of an equipment, transmission channel or system caused by an

electromagnetic disturbance.
Note: In English, the terms electromagnetic disturbance and electromagnetic interference
designate respectively the cause and the effect, but they are often used indiscriminately.
4.2.3. (ELECTROMAGNETIC) EMISSION

[IEC 60050-161-01-08]

The phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source.

4.2.4. INTER-SYSTEM INTERFERENCE

[IEC 60050-161-01-15]

Electromagnetic interference in one system due to an electromagnetic disturbance produced by

another system.
4.2.5. INTRA-SYSTEM INTERFERENCE

[IEC 60050-161-01-16]

Electromagnetic interference occurring in a system due to an electromagnetic disturbance produced within the same system.
4.2.6. IMMUNITY (TO A DISTURBANCE)

[IEC 60050-161-01-20]

The ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of
an electromagnetic disturbance.

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4.2.7. EMITTER (OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE) [IEC 60050-161-01-23]
Device, equipment or system which gives rise to voltages, currents or electromagnetic fields
that can act as electromagnetic disturbances.
Remark: In literature dealing with EMC often the term source (of electromagnetic disturbance)
instead of emitter is used. Often the term emitter is used for radiated disturbances. In this
document the term source will be used, because it is more common.
4.2.8. SUSCEPTIBLE DEVICE

[IEC 60050-161-01-24]

Device, equipment or system whose performance can be degraded by an electromagnetic disturbance.

4.2.9. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

[IEC 60050-161-01-01]

The totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location.

Note: In general, the electromagnetic environment is time dependent and its description may
need a statistical approach.
4.2.10. ENVIRONMENT (NEIGHBOURHOOD)

[EN 50121-2]

The surrounding objects or region which may influence the behaviour of the system and may be
influenced by the system.
4.2.11. FUNCTIONAL SAFETY

[IEC 61000-1-2]

Freedom from an unacceptable risk of harm due to the malfunctioning of the equipment or a
system including that resulting from reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Remark: The target of functional safety is avoiding of dangerous failures. The safety relevant
functions of a system, e.g. vehicle operations must be kept independent of electromagnetic impacts. That means that devices or components of a system could be disturbed or destroyed but
a safe state must be achieved. Increased EMC requirements improve the availability of safety
related devices.
All functional safety aspects are dealt with in the related documents of safety, e.g. Safety Plan.
4.2.12. RAILWAY SYSTEM

[EN 50121-1- EXCERPT ANNEX A]

The railway is an integrated system in which electricity has many uses in addition to train propulsion including:
-

heating, air conditioning, catering and lighting of passengers coaches with

converters on the vehicles. Separate conductors feed this power along the train;

signalling and telecommunication systems along the track and between

control centres, concerned with the movement of trains;

computer installations in control centres, linked via trackside routes;

passenger information systems on vehicles, stations and depots;

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6 Phenomena of electromagnetic disturbances

Electromagnetic disturbance will be found in general, where electromagnetic energy finds a way
of undesirable coupling from a source to any other sink.
The Figure 6-1 shows the general interference model with its 3 parts source of disturbance,
coupling path and sink of disturbance including some examples.

Source of disturbance
e.g.

Lightning
Switching voltage
(motor, drives)

Magnetic field
(traction power contact line)

Transmitter

Sink of disturbance
Coupling path
Conductive coupling
Inductive coupling
Capacitive coupling
Radiation

(radar, mobile phone)

e.g.

Device
(mobile phone, PC,
monitor, radio)

Equipment
(automatic door, lift)
System: e.g. Building
services with cabling

(ventilation, heating)

Figure 6-1 Interference model

According to the level of disturbance generated by a source and the characteristic of the coupling path a certain level of disturbance occurs at the location of the sink. To achieve EMC according to its definition the disturbance level has to be below the immunity level of the sink including a specified margin. Any particular device may be source of disturbance and also sink of
disturbance at the same time
As a general approach to achieve EMC in typical situations different levels of acceptable disturbance levels have been defined for domestic/light industrial locations, industrial locations and
railway corridors. These general disturbance levels are called electromagnetic environments.
The immunity level of each equipment must be according to the electromagnetic environment in
which it will be placed or higher, while the disturbance level must be according to the environment or lower.

6.1

Sources and sinks of Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem

Even if the catenary system is only the provider and not the originator of electrical power and
the current is generated by the consumer the catenary system will act as an emitter of electrical
disturbance. These disturbances are:
- Magnetic fields built by the electric current generated by the vehicles, including harmonics.
- Conducted emission of harmonic disturbances mainly produced by the vehicles to the substation.
- Radiated emissions of high frequency disturbance generated by arcing of the pantograph.
Magnetic fields may be reduced by reducing the currents and by the geometric arrangement of
contact wire, reinforcing wire and return wire(s). As the power consumption of the vehicle is determined by the required traction effort currents may only be reduced by increasing the nominal
voltage of the traction power. The geometric arrangement of wires has to consider the interface
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of the contact wire to the pantograph and the kinematic envelope of the vehicle including safety
distance. The arrangement will be optimised within the given restrictions.
The arcing of the pantograph is determined by a couple of parameters whereas most of them
may not be influenced by the Catenary System. The correct adjustment of the height of the contact wire above the top of rail is he main influence of the Catenary System on the arcing and will
be adjusted within the specified limits to ensure a constant contact pressure of the pantograph.
Both types of disturbance will superimpose with other disturbance and represent the overall
emissions of the railway system in the track area. They will be included in the overall emission
test of the system according to EN 50121-2 to be conducted on a system wide level by others.
The only susceptible equipment of the Catenary and Medium Voltage Distribution Subsystem is
the control and protection equipment in the switchgear room. The equipment is designed and
tested to comply with the industrial environments disturbance level. No interference is foreseen
fort his type of equipment on the intended location of installation.

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7 EMC management, organisation and responsibility

The EMC Management rules, the organisation of required resources and the limits of responsibility are defined in [3] on a system level.
The Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem will participate in the management process and
provide necessary resources as far as reasonable to achieve the EMC goal of the project.
A competent person will be named to represent the subsystem regarding EMC related issues.

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8 Requirements
8.1

Tender requirements

2.3

EMC Management Plan

considered for subsystem

in the present document

Quotation from Employers Requirements, General Specificatio

part of EMC Mgmnt. Plan

on system level

The tender documents [1] and [2] make requests regarding EMC activities. The following table informs which of these tasks have to be considered on the subsystem level for
the Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem. The symbols used are explained below
the table.

2.3.1 The Contractor shall ensure that all electrical and electronic apparatus are designed
and installed to operate without degradation of quality, performance or loss of function and
data in the electromagnetic environment of the Project.

2.3.2 The design shall ensure that any electromagnetic interference emissions introduced
into the environment do not exceed those detailed in the Specification. The Contractor shall
ensure that his equipment is designed with the required immunity levels given in the Specification. In addition, the works shall be designed to limit the electromagnetic interface (EMI) to
the nearby sensitive installations within the specified limits.

2.3.3 The Contractor shall develop and submit to the Employer for approval within the
specified schedule, an EMC Management Plan which shall:
(i)

describe EMC philosophy, activities, means of control on the EMC design;

(ii)
define and describe the process and methods used for verification and validation of
compliance with the required EMC parameters in all respects;
(iii)
provide an EMC submission list which entails all relevant design documentations,
test specifications and test reports for the demonstration of compliance, with a single paragraph description for each document;
(iv)

entail a programme which shall identify all EMC submission dates.

(v)
identify and provide details of a designate person nominated as the point of contact
to deal with EMC matters for review without objection by the Employer. The same should
apply to any subsequent change of this designated person.
5

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

5.1

General Requirements

5.1.1 All Works provided by the Contractor shall be electromagnetically compatible with
each other and shall also be electromagnetically compatible with all electrical and mechanical systems provided by the Rolling Stock Contractor, the Civil Infrastructure Contractors
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fected by the works including radio systems, television systems, the telephone network,
medical installations (fixed and mobile units such as heart pacemakers) and the power distribution network.
5.1.2 The electromagnetic compatibility of the works shall, as a minimum, comply with the
requirements of European standard EN 50121.

5.1.3 The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Employer, the compliance of the works with
the requirements of European standard EN 50121 as part of the design, type testing, testing
on site and final commissioning.

5.1.4 All equipment provided by the Contractor shall be adequately designed to be immune to all electromagnetic interference that could arise, according to the requirements of
European standard EN 50121.

5.1.5 Failure of any electromagnetic suppression components fitted to safety critical systems provided by the Contractor shall not cause that equipment to fail and cause an unsafe
condition on the DAMEL, when it is subjected to interference that is within the bounds of the
EN 50121.

n.a.

5.1.6 The Contractor shall identify all systems and equipment to be tested, define the test
procedure and provide acceptance criteria that must be achieved. The Contractor shall
carry out EMC compliance testing in the FAT stage and verification testing in the commissioning stage of the project on these systems and equipment.

n.a.
1)

5.1.7 For theoretical analysis, the Contractor shall detail the process and methods used
for verification and validation of any simulation models used in support of the analysis,
where applicable. The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Employer for review reports of the verification and validation of the models. The Contractor shall verify all results by
one or more of the following means,
(i)

use of certified simulation models; and

(ii)

on-site verification tests.

5.1.8 The Contractor shall interface, liaise, co-ordinate and exchange EMC data with all
relevant Project Contractors to ensure EMC integrity in the design stage, and to appropriately demonstrate compatibility in the testing and commissioning stage of the project in conjunction with these Project Contractors. The Contractor shall send a copy of all EMC related
information exchange to the Employer for review.

5.1.9
The Employer may request, at his discretion, attendance at the EMC tests
prior to delivery, to ensure that the EMC requirements are met. However, this will not result
in design acceptance which can only be given after successful completion of the testing and
commissioning.

n.a.
1)

5.1.10 The Contractor shall implement corrective measures and actions to rectify any EMC
problems identified during design, on-site tests, trial operations and within the Defects Liability Period.

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3.2

part of EMC Mgmnt. Plan

on system level

Quotation from Employers Requirements, Technical Specification

Description of the Works

h)
Protective Measures to minimise EMI/EMC effects
25kV single phase ac system may cause electromagnetic interference in the adjacent installations such as signalling and telecommunication lines, Airport installations, military R&R
Hospital etc. The Contractor shall carry out EMI/EMC simulation study to access the impact
and adopt mitigation measures accordingly. If the induced voltage exceeds the maximum
permissible limits specified in the International standards (ITU-T), the arrangement for minimising these EMI/EMC effects, such as provision of Booster Transformer and Return Conductor shall be part of scope of work for elevated section. As this will affect the OHLE design, the Contractor shall submit a proposal for this booster transformer option for review
and approval from the Employer and should include a price for such option in the Tender.
i)
Earthing & Bonding System
Earthing & Bonding shall be provided along the viaduct to ensure a safe low resistance
path for the return current flow from the rail track back to Railway Substations. This will be
done to ensure that the touch & step potentials are within permissible limits in normal as well
as short circuit conditions as specified in this Specification. The scope of work includes provision of the Arial Earth Wire (AEW), two number of tunnel earth wire (TEW in tunnel) / one
number of buried earth conductor (BEC on viaduct) interconnected with each other and all
metallic equipment/structure/reinforcements provided along the DAMEL by the Contractor as
well as Designated Contractors.
4.7

considered for subsystem

in the present document

Industry Sector Mobility Division

X
2)

Electro-Magnetic Compatibility:

General
4.7.1 The Contractor shall identify all likely sources of EMI that are pertinent to and prevailing in the electromagnetic environment of AMEL. Appropriate mitigation measures shall
be provided to ensure correct operation of the System in its intended operating environment.

4.7.2 The Contractor shall interface with all relevant contractors by liaising, coordinating
and exchanging of EMC data to ensure EMC integrity in the design stage, and shall demonstrate compatibility in the testing and commissioning stage of the project in conjunction with
these interfacing Contractors timely and appropriately. The Contractor shall submit a copy
of all EMC related information exchange to the Engineer for review.

S
1)

4.7.3 An EMC Management Plan shall be submitted by the Contractor as specified in the
Employers Requirements: General Specification, for review by the Employer.

4.7.4 The EMC Management Plan shall include measures to reduce conducted, induced
and radiated emissions to acceptable levels as specified by EN50121:2006 or by an equivalent relevant international standard. The plan shall specify measures to increase immunity of
the System and all its subsystems.

4.7.5 The Plan shall specify basic protective measures proposed for all electrical and electronic subsystems and components and specific measures to be adopted for selected subsystems and components.

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4.7.6 The Plan shall analyse EMI and EMC impacts on the design of the System, all other
train-borne equipment and track-side equipment as well as the general environment. Particular attention should also be paid to additional requirements in grounding, bonding, shielding, filtering and cabling arrangements.

4.7.7 The Contractor is required to conduct full EMI tests at locations adjacent to television and radio transmission stations, airport, and other transmitting commercial stations to
be agreed with the Employer. These tests shall include simulated fault conditions.

4.7.8

Radiated emissions shall not exceed the levels permitted by the relevant standards.

n.a.

4.7.9 Conductive emissions shall be below the levels deemed by the signalling equipment
to the satisfaction of the Employer. This condition shall be met by each individual piece of
equipment.

n.a.
3)

4.7.10 Power cables and data cables shall be physically separated from each other. Power
cables shall be located and arranged such as to minimise electrical induction or interference
to train control and communication circuits as a result of traction, auxiliary or other currents,
both static or transient

n.a.

4.7.11 All limits for Signalling and Telecommunication should be identified in interface
documents.
4.8

Intra-system EMI

4.8.1 The Contractor must ensure that all intra-system EMI are taken care of through
proper design and other special measures. All major subsystems must be tested for emissions and immunities in accordance with the appropriate international standards for equipment operating in MRTS/Railway or similar industrial environment.
4.9

X
1)

Inter-system EMI

4.9.1 The Contractor shall ensure that all equipment are designed and constructed in accordance with the latest issues or version of internationally recognised EMC standards, including but not limited to CISPR, EN50082, EN50121, EN50123, EN50155, IEC60571-1,
IEC61000, or equivalents, to ensure proper functioning.
4.10

X
4)

Safety-related Systems Interference

4.10.1 Special attention must be given to the interference with safety-related operations
and equipment such as the signalling and telecommunication systems. Special tests must
be designed to ensure that the full range of emissions, whether conducted, induced, or radiated, individually or in combination with one another, conform with the specific requirements
of these safety-related systems. Adequate safety margins must be ensured between the
immunity levels of these safety-related systems and the emission levels of the System specified by prevailing international standards.

4.10.2 The subsystems and components which could possibly give rise to the level of
emissions under both normal and fault conditions (conducted, induced or radiated) that may
affect the safety-related systems must be identified. The quantified risk assessment must be
carried out as part of the Hazard Analysis to determine the probabilities and effects of such
interference. Measures must be taken to reduce such emissions. The reliability of subsystems as well as the additional measures, e.g., filter, must be investigated.

4.10.3 The probabilities of various conditions which could lead to an unsafe operation must
be determined. An appropriate technical construction file suitable for safety audit must be
developed to demonstrate EMC compliance to the Employer.

4.10.4 The Contractor shall note that the Signalling Contractor shall be responsible for determining the limits of interference for both the trackside and on-board Signalling equipment,
to ensure safe operation of the trains.

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4.10.5 The Contractor shall take into account the specific requirements of Airport Authority,
Army Hospital, Indian Airforce etc. for determining the limits of interference.
4.11

Non-Safety-Related System Interference

4.11.1 The Contractor shall take appropriate measures to ensure that EMC is achieved
between the equipment and all train-borne and track-side equipment. Particular attention
must be given to:

a)
Telecommunications Equipment
The equipment shall not produce significant interference affecting proper operation of telephone, public address system, and passenger information systems due to influence arising
from radiation, conduction, inductive, capacitive or electrostatic coupling. The limits in ITU T directives must be complied with at all times.

b)
Supervisory & Control Equipment
The Contractor must ensure that electromagnetic compatibility is achieved with the supervisory & control equipment. These shall include induced or radiated coupling to sensors and
in-built test equipment including VDU and computer systems, low frequency induced and
high-frequency radiated coupling through common-mode, differential-mode, or ground-loop
mechanisms.
4.12

Environmental EMC

4.12.1 The equipment shall not produce significant interference with radio, television, tape
recorders or players, heart pace-makers, radar, computer systems, magnetic media, portable and cellular telephones, pagers, etc., in the train or externally as per International Standard EN 50121. This includes action by static electricity, magnetic fields and electric fields.

4.12.2 Effect of emission on explosive or volatile/flammable material must be considered.

BS6656:2002 (Assessment of inadvertent ignition of flammable atmospheres by radio- frequency radiation-guide) and other related standards shall be adhered to.

4.12.3 Effect of the low-frequency magnetic field produced by traction currents on AMEL
MRTS grounding system as well as electrolytic weakening of structures should be considered wherever applicable.
4.13

Electromagnetic Compatibility Submissions

4.13.1 EMC Management Plan The requirements of the EMC Management Plan shall be
as set out in GS paragraph 2.3 and Annexure 1 section 5 and TS paragraphs 4.7.3 4.7.6
above.

4.13.2 Electromagnetic Interference Hazard Analysis The Contractor shall conduct a preliminary EMI Hazard analysis in the early design stage, identifying sources of EMI likely to
affect the Signalling system or other 3rd party sensitive system / equipment to be affected by
the system; highlighting all possible consequences in the event of failure, and proposing
EMC protective measures. Results shall be detailed in EMI Hazard Analysis Report which
shall be submitted to the Engineer for review.

X
5)

i)
Electromagnetic Compatibility Specification and Test Plan The Contractor shall
submit an EMC Specification and Test Plan to the Engineer for review. In this submission,
the Contractor shall
a)
define all EMC issues for each type of equipment for both immunity and emission
interference and include a list of interference sources and mechanisms applicable to each
affected equipment with quantitative analysis to define the worst case values of interference
signals;
b)
outline the extent of testing both before and after the installation of equipment. It
shall include test requirements, test specifications, and procedures to demonstrate that the
System is suitably immune to the predicted levels of interference, and its emissions do not
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exceed the specified levels.
4.13.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility Design Review Report The Contractor shall carry
out EMC design review to address all related issues and submit the outcome in an EMC
design review report for the Engineer to review. The EMC design review report shall:
a)
demonstrate that all EMC issues have been fully addressed by the design and design techniques;
b)
provide calculation and theoretical analysis to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility among intra- and inter- systems, where applicable ;
c)
conclude whether the worst case interference signals will disrupt normal operation of
the System. Disruption shall be analysed from safety, reliability, and operational view points;
and
d)
propose remedial measures to mitigate any problems that will cause the Signalling
system to fail to meet safety, reliability and operational requirements.

4.13.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Reports and Certificates

a)
The Contractor shall carry out all EMC tests to verify compliance with EMC requirements in accordance with the test plan. The Contractor shall demonstrate the System is
electromagnetically compatible with its operating environment.
b)
The Contractor shall submit relevant test reports and certificates upon completion of
the tests. The certificate shall include a declaration of conformity, signed by the Contractor,
declaring that the Signalling system is in conformity with the standards specified in this TS
and that the system is suitable for operation in the electromagnetic environment of DAMEL.
Relevant EMC test certificates of any standard off-the-shelf products shall be submitted for
review by the Engineer.
c)
The Engineer may witness all or certain EMC tests. The Contractor shall notify the
Engineer at least 14 days prior to the commencement of any EMC test. The Contractor shall
make available all premises and equipment used for EMC testing when required by the Engineer for witnessing.

S
1)

4.13.6 EMC Audit

The Employer, the Engineer or his delegates, may conduct EMC audit on the EMC management process and undertake technical review on both the system and its component
parts in various phase of the Project. Access to all relevant design and production information will be required. The Contractor shall make available all relevant documents for the
EMC auditor to review.

4.13.7 Defects Liability Period

Prior to any modification to the System and equipment in the Defects Liability Period, the
Contractor shall submit a EMC study document to verify that the change will not detriment
the immunity and emission characteristics of the installed system to affect the operation of
DAMEL. No modification work may commence without prior approval of the Engineer.

4.14
Installation and Mitigation Guidelines
IEC61000-5 Installation and Mitigation Guidelines must be observed wherever applicable.

Legend
X Fully applicable.
S - The requirement is defined for the system as a whole, it is considered in the extent the subsystem
contributes to the overall requirement.
n.a. The requirement is defined on a subsystem level, anyway it is not applicable for the subsystem
Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem for technical reasons.
1) Testing of passive electrical equipment like cables, transformers and switches is not foreseen in EMC
standards; for the control and protection equipment all equipment is type-tested, no on-site testing is required.
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2) Along the viaduct section a total of three booster transformers per track will be installed.
However, booster transformers are not the preferred solution to mitigate induced voltages.
3) Conductive emissions coupling path only provided to the public grid, dealt with by Harmonics Study.
4) Considered as far as applicable for the related equipment.
5) EMC issues shall be included in the overall Hazard Analysis. Functional safety is a design property of
equipment and is independent of a reason for a failure or malfunction. That means equipment used for
safety related functions has to come to a safe state whether a component fails, a connection gets lost or a
signal gets disturbed. To increase the availability of safety related equipment the margin between the
accepted disturbance level for an electromagnetic environment and the immunity of the related equipment
will be increased.

8.2

Relevant international and European standards

8.2.1 Compatibility of Equipment

Generally for all equipment in a railway system the standard series EN 50121 applies. This series provides common rules in part 1, system wide rules in part 2, rules for rolling stock in part 31 and 3-2, rules for control and communication equipment in part 4 and rules for power supply
equipment in part 5.
For the Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem the parts 4 [4] and part 5 [5] apply.
The EN 50121 series provides increased limit values for the track corridor up to 3m from the
centre line of the outer track. For all other locations this standard series refers to the generic
standards of the industrial environment or even the domestic and light industrial environment.
All Equipment of the Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem outside of the track area applies
the standards for the industrial environment IEC 61000-6-2 [6] and IEC 61000-6-4 [7].

8.2.2 Protection of passengers and staff with implants

Limits values for cardiac pacemakers will be taken as most critical aspect for the safety of persons with regard to safety in electromagnetic field. The limits are shown in the chart in chapter
10.2 in the frequency range between 0 Hz to 30 kHz. These limits apply to all areas accessible
by the public, passengers, drivers and non-technical service staff who are not aware of the potential risk of exposure.
For technical equipment rooms the relevant rules of the health and safety plan must be followed. Staff with EMI susceptible implants shall be forbidden to enter such rooms.

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8.3

Cable Categories

Cable categories are a method of classifying cables in order to minimise electromagnetic interference between them. The criteria for the classification of cables are
their effect as source for electromagnetic disturbance
the sensitivity of cable and connected equipment as sink
The table below shows a typical classification based on VG 95375-3 standard.
Category

Example

EMC Behaviour

Power cable of low voltage power

supply, control signal cables <60V.
Cable for transmitters, data cable of
public telecommunication.
Data cable of PC, ISDN.
Data cable of intentional receiver.
Power cable of converter, motor.
Only applicable for fibre optic cable
with metallic armour.
Medium voltage cable >1kV, leaky
feeder cable

Source, small sink

Applicable
for TPD
Y

Small sink

Sink
Big sink
Big source
Very small sink

N
N
N
N

Very big source

2
3
4
5
a: Fibre
optic cable
b: Specific
cable

Table 8-1, Cable categories based on VG 95375-3

The cables used in the Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystems of Delhi Metro can be classified in the following cable categories:

Power Cables (category b)

-

150 kV cables of the three-phase TSS feeders

25 kV Feeder cables from TSS or ATS to OCS

Return cables from the return circuit to TSS or ATS

Because of high currents these cables may be a source for high electromagnetic disturbance.
Their sensitivity as sink is low.
Control Cables (category 1)
-

Connections from measuring equipment (current or potential transformers) to

the related control or protection equipment.

Connections from control or protection equipment to the related switching devices.

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Control cables and connected equipment have to be considered as sink of electromagnetic disturbance, when laid in parallel to OCS or feeder cables. Power supply cables for motor operated
switches may also act as small source, as long as they are powered for switch operation.
Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem has no own communication cables along the line or
from the line to the OCC.

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9 EMC Evaluation
9.1

Basic Measures

9.1.1

Requirements for equipment

In order to function within the railway environment all Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem
equipment has to fulfil the requirements of EN 50121-5. SCADA computers and related equipment have to be designed and tested in accordance with EN 50121-4.
Sub-suppliers shall certify that their components fulfil these requirements.

9.1.2

Meshed earthing system

Shielding is the most efficient and therefore most common method to achieve EMC.
Shielding itself relies on an efficient earthing and bonding system.
Reliable earthing and bonding is a precondition for EMC-compliant installation. The
goal is to achieve bonding connections with low impedance between any two earthing
connections with a subsystem and at the same time low impedance to earth.
This is achieved by a meshed earthing and bonding system which provides multiple
parallel paths for disturbances and acts similar to a ground plane.
The most efficient method to implement a meshed earthing system is to utilise the existing structural reinforcement as an earthing system. A mesh of about 10m x 10m meters shall be welded at the nods and attached to the other reinforcing rods by wire-tying
the usual way.

9.1.3

Cabling

In order to minimize the magnetic field of power cable circuits and in consequence the induced
voltage in cables of other categories laid nearby, the loops formed by the power circuits shall be
as small as possible:

The three phase conductors of three-phase circuits shall be arranged close to

each other, optimum is trefoil formation.

The distance between feeding and return conductors between TPS or ATS
and OCS shall be small, where feeder and return are connected at different
locations one of the both shall run parallel to the track to the adjacent location,
than the feeder and return shall run both in parallel to each other to the substation.

Generally, cables of different cable categories shall not be laid close parallel to each other.
As described in chapter 8.3 magnetic fields generated by disturbing cable categories can cause
interference in susceptible cables and also can induce dangerous voltages in cable armours
and shields.
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It is recommended to separate the control cables from the feeding and return cables as far as
possible, e.g. by laying them on separate cable trays or in individual duct layers of a duct bank.
The following minimum distances along parallel sections longer than 10 m shall be used as basis for cable route planning:

category 1 other categories: 300 mm

category b other categories: 600 mm

For shorter section smaller distances are possible but have to be co-ordinated by the involved
parties.
Based on the real distance and length of parallel run calculations will ensure the absence of
dangerous induced voltage.

9.1.4

Further Measures

A field survey shall be conducted on the system level by others to identify any unusual source of
disturbance or potential sink of unusual susceptibility. Based on the results of the field survey it
may be necessary to define further measures to ensure EMC between the Catenary and MV
Distribution Subsystem and its environment.

9.2

Calculations and Simulations

The traction current flowing in the conductors of the OCS and in the Feeding cables induces
voltages in neighbouring conductors. Calculations are carried out in order to assess the electromagnetic impact on these conductors. The calculation results are documented in the following reports:

Magnetic field strength along the track corridor (selected locations representing worst case conditions and/or near to potential sinks)

Induced Voltage in Signalling or Telecommunication Cables parallel to OCS;

including the effect of induced voltage in signalling or telecommunication cables parallel to Feeder Cables

These documents also form the basis for the assessment of the influence of Catenary installations on installations of other subsystems. These investigations have to be carried out by the
related subsystems, as they know their installations in detail.

9.3

Specific Issues

I) Airport Installations
An airport is a very complex installation of communication and surveillance equipment.
At the same time an airport includes sources of disturbances like radar and radio
transmitters.

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Airport operators focus on a high availability of the airport operation also under adverse
conditions like thunderstorms. Therefore all susceptible equipment operated in an airport environment can be expected to have an immunity level according to the industrial
environment standard, or are operated at locations providing additional shielding effect
to external sources. By experience with similar projects interference from the railway
system on airport installations will not be an issue.
Anyway Catenary and MV Distribution Subsystem will evaluate the data provided by a
field survey for potential issues.
Radar devices are a typical source of severe disturbance at airports. Experience shows
that there is no reason of concern if the radar is located in a distance of 1km and
above. Below this distance the field survey shall provide data of the radar device which
enable an evaluation of the disturbance level for all subsystems.
II) R&R Hospital
The calculation of magnetic fields along the line will enable the evaluation of potential
interference with the medical equipment of the hospital. With a distance of the line from
the equipment of 100m and above by experience with similar projects interference is
not expected.
III) BSNL telecom line parallel to the track
Based on the magnetic fields calculation the induced voltage in the parallel running
telecom line operated by BSNL will be evaluated, see also 9.2 and 9.4.

9.4

EMC Documents

According to the mayor sources and sinks identified in chapter 6.1 and the EMC evaluation
principle described above the following documents will be submitted:
-

Study of magnetic field along the line

Magnetic field strength at selected locations along the line representing worst
case conditions or located at adjacent susceptible sinks identified by the field
survey.

Study on induced voltages in cables running parallel to the line

Scope of the study is to ensure that no dangerous induced voltages may remain.

EMC type test report (short version) of Control and Protection equipment
documents stating that the equipment under consideration has been tested
successfully according to appropriate standards.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Design Review Report

Report to ensure all issues identified by the field survey have been addressed.

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10 Annexes
10.1 Emission limits of the Overall system

NOTE 1:

The discontinuities of the curves are due to changing of the bandwidth of the
measurement receiver:

Bw1 = 200 Hz; bw2 = 9 kHz; bw3 = 120 kHz.

NOTE 2:
NOTE 3:

80/80: The value, which would not be exceeded on 80% of train passages with
80% certainty.
Values are 10 m from the centrelines of the outer railway track

20 dB V (A) / m equals to 10 V (A) / m

100 dB V (A) / m equals to 100 mV (mA) / m.

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10.2 Immunity limits of cardiac pacemakers

Limit (peak) magnetic field emissions
1000

100

Field strength H
Magnetic flux B

H [A/m] ;
B [ T]
10

1
1

10

100

1.000

10.000

100.000

Frequency [Hz]

This limit graph results from calculations based on the values from the
DIN V VDE V 0848-4/A3 in conjunction with EN 50061/A1.

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