0492073107

Write a program to perform Scaling of a line, a triangle and a

a.) Scaling of a line

#include<process.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

// request auto detection

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int pixel[20][20];

int x1,y1,x2,y2;//initial co-ordinates

float sx,sy;//scaling factors

static float p11[3],p22[3];

clrscr();

cout<<"Enter the coordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2) of the line:\n";

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2;

int p1[3]={x1,y1,1};
0492073107

int p2[3]={x2,y2,1};

flushall();

cout<<"Enter the scaling factors:\n";

cin>>sx>>sy;

int T[3][3]= {

{sx,0,0},

{0,sy,0},

{0,0,1},

};

//scaling being performed

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=T[i][j]*p2[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

// object before scaling

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);
0492073107

setcolor(5);

// object after scaling

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

b.) Scaling of a Triangle

#include <graphics.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <math.h>

void main()

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;

float Sx,Sy;

static float p11[3],p22[3],p33[3];

cout<<"please enter the co-ordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3) of the triangle to be scaled:";

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2>>x3>>y3;

int p1[3]={x1,y1,1};

int p2[3]={x2,y2,1};

int p3[3]={x3,y3,1};

flushall();

cout<<"\nplease enter the scaling factors(Sx,Sy):";

cin>>Sx>>Sy;
0492073107

float T[3][3]={{Sx,0,0},

{0,Sy,0},

{0,0,1},

};

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=T[i][j]*p2[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p33[i]+=T[i][j]*p3[j];

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p2[0],p2[1],p3[0],p3[1]);

line(p1[0],p1[1],p3[0],p3[1]);
0492073107

setcolor(5);

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p33[0],p33[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p11[0],p11[1],p33[0],p33[1]);

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

Write a program to perform Translation of a line, a point and a

//WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE TRANSLATION OF OBJECTS(S)

//DATE:

#include<process.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

// request auto detection

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int pixel[20][20];

int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4;//initial co-ordinates

int tx,ty;//translation factors

static int p11[3],p22[3],p33[3],p44[3],p1[3],p2[3],p3[3],p4[3];

int choice,i,j;

int T[3][3]= {

{1,0,tx},

{0,1,ty},

{0,0,1},

};
0492073107

clrscr();

cout<<"--------------------TRANSLATION MENU----------------------\n";

cout<<"1. Point Translation\n";

cout<<"2. Line Translation\n";

cout<<"3. Rectangle Translation\n";

cout<<"4. Exit\n";

cout<<"Enter the choice\n";

cin>>choice;

switch(choice)

case 1 : cout<<"Enter the coordinates(x1,y1) of the point:\n";

cin>>x1>>y1;

p1[0]=x1;

p1[1]=y1;

p1[2]=1;

cout<<"Enter the translation factors:\n";

cin>>tx>>ty;

//translation being performed

for( i=0;i<3;i++)

for( j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

//object before translation

setcolor(6);

putpixel(x1,y1,1);

setcolor(5);

//object after translation

putpixel(p11[0],p11[1],1);

getch();

closegraph();

break;

case 2 : cout<<"Enter the coordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2) of the line:\n";

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2;

p1[0]=x1;

p1[1]=y1;

p1[2]=1;

p2[0]=x2;

p2[1]=y2;

p2[2]=1;

cout<<"Enter the translation factors:\n";

cin>>tx>>ty;

//translation being performed

for( i=0;i<3;i++)

for( j=0;j<3;j++)
0492073107

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=T[i][j]*p2[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

// object before translation

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

setcolor(5);

// object after translation

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

getch();

closegraph();

break;

case 3 : cout<<"please enter the co-ordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4) of the rectangle to be

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2>>x3>>y3>>x4>>y4;

//initial co-ordinates matrices

p1[0]=x1;

p1[1]=y1;

p1[2]=1;
0492073107

p2[0]=x2;

p2[1]=y2;

p2[2]=1;

p3[0]=x3;

p3[1]=y3;

p3[2]=1;

p4[0]=x4;

p4[1]=y4;

p4[2]=1;

cout<<"\nplease enter the translation factors:";

cin>>tx>>ty;

//translation being performed

for( i=0;i<3;i++)

for( j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=T[i][j]*p2[j];
0492073107

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p33[i]+=T[i][j]*p3[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p44[i]+=T[i][j]*p4[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

//object before translation

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p3[0],p3[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p1[0],p1[1],p4[0],p4[1]);

line(p3[0],p3[1],p4[0],p4[1]);

setcolor(5);

//object after translation

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p33[0],p33[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p11[0],p11[1],p44[0],p44[1]);
0492073107

line(p33[0],p33[1],p44[0],p44[1]);

getch();

closegraph();

break;

case 4 : exit(0);

default: cout<<"\n Enter a valid choice";

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

Write a program to implement Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm.

//WRITE A PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT BRESENHAM’S LINE DRAWING ALGO

#include<stdio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<dos.h>

void main()

int i,x1,y1,x2,y2,xend;

float x,y,dx,dy,p;

int gd=DETECT,gm;

printf("Enter the first co ordinate of the line : \n");

scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

printf("Enter the second co ordinate of the line : \n");

scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);

clrscr();

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

setcolor(10);

rectangle(0,0,636,476);

line(320,0,320,476);

line(0,240,636,240);

setcolor(5);
0492073107

outtextxy(324,244,"(0,0)");

outtextxy(524,244,"x axis-->");

outtextxy(324,42,"y axis");

outtextxy(20,20,"Bres line drawing algorithms (|m|<1)");

outtextxy(20,40,"put 1 divide=20 pixel ");

outtextxy(x1+320,240-y1,"(x1,y1)");

outtextxy(x2+320,240-y2,"(x2,y2)");

for(i=0;i<640;i+=20)

line(i,236,i,244);

for(i=0;i<480;i+=20)

line(316,i,324,i);

dx=abs(x2-x1);

dy=abs(y2-y1);

p=2*dy-dx;

if(x1>x2)

x=x2;

y=y2;

xend=x1;

else

x=x1;

y=y1;

xend=x2;
0492073107

putpixel(x+320,240-y,2);

setcolor(4);

while(x<xend)

x=x+1;

if(p<0)

p=p+2*dy;

else

y=y+1;

p=p+2*(dy-dx);

putpixel(x+320,240-y,2);

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

Write a program to implement Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm.

//WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE BRESENHAM'S CIRCLE ALGORITHM

#include<iostream.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

//function that demonstrates bresenham's circle algorithm

void bca_circle(int x,int y,int r)

int pk=3-2*r,xa=0,ya=r;//decision factor,intial x and y

//loop runs for only 1 of the 8 equal parts of a circle

while(xa<=ya)

putpixel(xa+x,ya+y,5);

putpixel(ya+x,xa+y,5);

putpixel(-xa+x,ya+y,5);

putpixel(-ya+x,xa+y,5);

putpixel(xa+x,-ya+y,5);

putpixel(-xa+x,-ya+y,5);

putpixel(ya+x,-xa+y,5);

putpixel(-ya+x,-xa+y,5);

if(pk<0)

pk+=4*xa+6;
0492073107

else

pk+=4*(xa-ya)+10;

ya--;

xa++;

void main()

// request auto detection

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int x,y,r;

cout<<"Enter the centre of the circle(x&y)\n";

cin>>x>>y;

cout<<"Enter the radius of the circle r\n";

cin>>r;

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

bca_circle(x,y,r);//bresenham's circle
0492073107

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

Write a program to perform Shearing of a rectangle

//WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE SHEARING OF RECTANGLE

//DATE:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<process.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

// request auto detection

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4;//initial co-ordinates

float a,b;//translation factors

static float p11[3],p22[3],p33[3],p44[3];

cout<<"please enter the co-ordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4) of the rectangle to be

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2>>x3>>y3>>x4>>y4;

//initial co-ordinates matrices

int p1[3]={x1,y1,1};

int p2[3]={x2,y2,1};

int p3[3]={x3,y3,1};
0492073107

int p4[3]={x4,y4,1};

flushall();

cout<<"\nplease enter the shearing factors:";

cin>>a>>b;

int T[3][3]= {

{1,b,0},

{a,1,0},

{0,0,1},

};

//shearing being performed

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=T[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=T[i][j]*p2[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

{
0492073107

p33[i]+=T[i][j]*p3[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p44[i]+=T[i][j]*p4[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

//object before shearing

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p3[0],p3[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p1[0],p1[1],p4[0],p4[1]);

line(p3[0],p3[1],p4[0],p4[1]);

setcolor(5);

//object after shearing

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p33[0],p33[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p11[0],p11[1],p44[0],p44[1]);

line(p33[0],p33[1],p44[0],p44[1]);

getch();

closegraph();

}
0492073107

Write a program to perform Rotation of a triangle about origin.

//WRITE A PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE ROTATION OF OBJECT(S)

#include <graphics.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <iostream.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <math.h>

void main()

// request auto detection

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;//initial co-ordinates

int A;//rotation angle

static float p11[3],p22[3],p33[3];//final co-ordinates matrices

cout<<"please enter the co-ordinates(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3) of the triangle to be rotated:";

cin>>x1>>y1>>x2>>y2>>x3>>y3;

//initial co-ordinates matrices

int p1[3]={x1,y1,1};

int p2[3]={x2,y2,1};

int p3[3]={x3,y3,1};

flushall();

cout<<"\nplease enter the rotation angle(in degrees):";

cin>>A;

//rotation matrix

float R[3][3]={{cos(A*3.14/180),-sin(A*3.14/180),0},

{sin(A*3.14/180),cos(A*3.14/180),0},

{0,0,1},

};

//rotation being performed

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)

for(int j=0;j<3;j++)

p11[i]+=R[i][j]*p1[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p22[i]+=R[i][j]*p2[j];

for(i=0;i<3;i++)

for(j=0;j<3;j++)

p33[i]+=R[i][j]*p3[j];

// initialize graphics and local variables

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");

//object before rotation

line(p1[0],p1[1],p2[0],p2[1]);

line(p2[0],p2[1],p3[0],p3[1]);

line(p1[0],p1[1],p3[0],p3[1]);

setcolor(5);

//object after rotation

line(p11[0],p11[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p33[0],p33[1],p22[0],p22[1]);

line(p11[0],p11[1],p33[0],p33[1]);

getch();

closegraph();