SYNCHROTACT HBT

High-Speed Busbar Transfer

~
HBT

Main Features
Application and features
Changeover of feeding bus systems in power stations and industrial plants Coupling of asynchronous networks Two and three-breaker configurations Customer-specific configurations Combination with control and protection functions in the same hardware unit Multiple configuration of the HBT function in a single device

Automatic changeover
Surge-free synchronized changeover after loss of the consumer feeder supply Circuit breaker closing time taken into consideration Reclosing up to an adjustable maximum phase angle prior to the first phase coincidence Reclosing at the first phase coincidence Automatic changeover at low residual voltage Automatic changeover after an adjustable time delay Adjustable release limits for maximum amplitude and frequency differences Two breaker closing times, individually adjustable

Manual changeover
Changeover initiated by manual or process command Synchronism check with adjustable parameters Short supply interruption times Make-before-break and make-afterbreak operating mode

Circuit breaker control

Control of two circuit breakers Three-breaker configuration covered by two functions in the same device Status supervision Plausibility check Breaker run-time supervision Breaker closing and tripping commands

Application and functional description

High-speed busbar transfer
The high-speed busbar transfer system (HBT) is applied for the changeover of feeding busbars from their normal to a backup supply feeder and vice-versa. This function is usually needed in auxiliary supply systems of power stations and industrial plants. The changeover may be initiated by a manual command or a process signal, e.g. after synchronization of a generator. Opening and closing operations of the corresponding circuit breakers are then performed almost simultaneously, providing the feeder voltages are in phase. After a sudden loss of the motor feeder supply which may be caused by a primary fault in a superior circuit, the changeover to a backup feeder must be fast enough to ensure continuous operation and must be

Feeder A

Feeder B

Feeder A

Feeder B

HBT

HBT

HBT

S1

S2

S1

S2

Fig 1: Standard applications of high-speed bus transfer systems (M: motor / consumer)

Coupler

Two-breaker configuration

Three-breaker configuration

Page 2

ABB

Functional description (cont.)

almost surge-free especially in order to limit stresses of the motor shafts. Depending on the moment of inertia and the actual motor load, the slip increases more or less rapidly. Therefore the breaker closing time has to be considered when emitting the breaker closing command. The motors can be reconnected to the backup feeder at the first phase coincidence or at lower slip gradients even before a defined maximum phase angle is reached. In case of a sudden loss of feeder supply, the signal to initiate the fast transfer is normally derived from an application-specific logic using protection trip signals and status information from disconnectors and breakers. This logic can be implemented in the SYNCHROTACT HBT by means of the function plan programming tool FUPLA. If for any reason a fast changeover is not possible, a transfer can be performed after decay of the motor residual voltage below an adjustable value or after a certain time delay. Before reclosing at residual voltage, selective load shedding can be programmed by using an additional undervoltage function from the SYNCHROTACT HBT software library. Fig. 1 shows the most common applications of high-speed bus transfer systems.

Coupling of asynchronous networks

The HBT function can be used to couple two asynchronous networks by closing a circuit breaker at the exact phase coincidence of both voltages. The closing command may be manual or a process signal transmitted to the coupling device via the network control system. The operational range can be limited as regards to the amplitude and frequency difference of the voltages. The high-speed bus transfer (HBT) unit comprises all inputs, outputs and function blocks for the application in a two-breaker configuration. Application-specific logic can be added by means of the function plan programming tool FUPLA. The application-specific logic may generate the start signal for the HBT or may block or release certain function blocks depending on the process status signals. The HBT function contains the following function blocks (Fig. 2): Manual changeover (MAN) Automatic changeover (AUT) Voltage selection (SEL) Circuit breaker supervision and control (DRV)

SUP
S1 ON S1 OFF S2 ON S2 OFF

MAN
Makeafterbreak Makebeforebreak

DRV
S1 CLOSE S1 OPEN S2 CLOSE S2 OPEN

SEL
U1 U2 UM

AUT

< L
Measuring signals

=0 U<
Signalling

Settings Start signals Release signals

T>
UM <L =0 U< T> Motor busbar voltage Reclosing up to an adjustable angle limit Reclosing at first phase coincidence Changeover at residual voltage Changeover after an adjustable time delay

AUT DRV MAN SEL SUP S1ON, ... U1, U2

Automatic changeover Circuit breaker drive control logic Manual changeover Selection circuit Circuit breaker supervision logic Circuit breaker status signals (double indication) Supply feeder voltages

Fig. 2: Block diagram of the HBT function

ABB

Page 3

Functional description (cont.)

Uref v U BB L CB = f (s, ds/dt, t CB ) CB = f (s, ds/dt, t CB ) U BB
Close command permissible

Uref

Close command to be given

Closing up to a defined angle limit Uref UBB v CB L s tCB

Closing at first phase coincidence

Fig. 3: Two algorithms for the automatic changeover after loss of feeder voltage, complementing each other

voltage of the feeder to which the busbar will be connected voltage of the feeding busbar angle prior to loss of feeder voltage angle corresponding to the circuit breaker closing time limit angle for breaker closing slip frequency closing time of circuit breaker

Manual changeover
Upon a manual changeover command which may be given from the substation control system via the serial bus or via an opto-coupler input of the SYNCHROTACT HBT device, this function block checks the synchronism between the voltage at the busbar and the feeder voltage to be transferred. In case of synchronism, the changeover is performed in two selectable modes: Make-after-break mode Make-before-break mode. In the make-after-break mode, opening resp. closing commands are sent out to both circuit breakers at the same time. The closing command can be delayed by means of an adjustable timer. This mode ensures the shortest possible interruption times. In the make-before-break mode, the closing command is issued first and then, after an adjustable time delay, the other breaker is tripped.

Automatic changeover
This sub-function is used after a sudden loss of the feeder voltage and may be triggered by a protection trip signal, for example. But it can also be started by a manual command. It contains two different algorithms complementing each other (Fig. 3). The algorithms can be used in parallel. The first algorithm allows a fast changeover immediately after the loss of the feeder voltage until a certain adjustable maximum phase angle between the consumer voltage and the new feeder voltage is reached. This function is applicable in particular at a low rate of slip changes and if new and old feeder voltages are synchronous (Fig. 4, curve 1). The second algorithm provides a changeover at the first phase coincidence between the consumer voltage and the new feeder voltage. This algorithm works correctly in all cases: at synchronism and asynchronism of old and new feeder voltage, irrespective of the motor frequency being lower or higher than the frequency of the new feeder, at highest rates of change of the motor frequency (tests with more than 50 Hz per second have been conducted successfully) and up to slip frequencies of 10 Hz.

Page 4

ABB

Functional description (cont.)

360 320 280 240

Angle (Degrees)

4 200 160

3 2 1

120 80 40 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Time (s) Fig. 4: Angle difference between the voltage at the feeding busbar and the supply feeder voltage versus time after tripping of the circuit breaker.

Curve 1 2 3 4

Slip before c.b. tripping (%) 0.5 2 0.5 2

Rate of change of the slip (% per s) 6 6 25 25

Fig. 4 shows how the angle difference between motor voltage and supply voltage will develop over the time after tripping of the supply feeder, depending on the initial slip and the rate of slip change mirroring the actual load conditions. For both algorithms the breaker closing time is taken into account. The corresponding phase angle is calculated considering the slip as well as the speed of the slip change.

The Maximum time mode provides a changeover after the adjustable time delay has expired, independent of the synchronism.

Voltage selection
The voltage of the feeding busbar is compared with a reference voltage to check synchronism. In Fig. 1 this reference voltage is U2 (feeder 2) if feeder 1 is connected and feeder 2 disconnected and vice versa. The selection of the right voltage is performed according to the start signals for the manual, resp. automatic transfer.

Secondary changeover modes

These additional function blocks use simpler criteria because they do not check the synchronism between the voltages. Two different modes can be activated in parallel: Minimum voltage Maximum time. The Minimum voltage mode permits a changeover after the residual voltage at the motor bus decayed below an adjustable threshold. A typical setting is 30 %.

Circuit breaker supervision and control

The status signals of two circuit breakers are collected and checked for plausibility. An abnormal condition generates an alarm and blocks the changeover function. A breaker run-time supervision is included.

ABB

Page 5

Example of a high-speed changeover

Fig. 5 illustrates an automatic changeover at a 6 kV motor busbar. The record was made by means of the internal event recorder of the SYNCHROTACT HBT. In this example, reclosing to the auxiliary feeder takes place about 320 ms after the main feeder breaker opened. This time it takes up to the first phase coincidence (360 angle) between the motor voltage (MotorBus) and the auxiliary feeder voltage (T29AUX). In this case, main and auxiliary feeder voltage were synchronous. The cursor is put to 249.5 ms, the instant when the closing command was issued (Q19 Close). The measurands indicated on the right apply for this instant. The command was given at a frequency difference of 4 Hz, and a rate of change of the frequency of 16.5 Hz per second. The HBT function was started about 10 ms after breaker opening (HBT Start). The internal measurement is active from the start signal up to the issue of the closing command.

Fig. 5: Changeover occurrence on a 6 kV motor busbar (Description on page 5)

Integration into a substation control system

If integrated into a substation control system (SCS), the HBT function may operate in the following manner: The HBT can either be released or blocked from the operators control screen. A manual changeover can also be initiated from there. The status of the HBT released / blocked/disturbed is indicated on the screen. Status signals from disconnectors and circuit breakers used to initiate the start signal for HBT operation can be transferred via the serial interbay bus of the substation control system.

Page 6

ABB

Technical data
Measuring range _________________________________________________________ Rated frequency fn Frequency range Rated input voltage Un 50 Hz or 60 Hz 0.8 to 1.04 fn 100 to 130 V or 200 to 260 V

Available hardware inputs/outputs _________________________________________ Voltage inputs 6 with input module K41 maximum 9 with customized input module (preferably phase-to-phase measurement) maximum 8 for control of 4 circuit breakers maximum 32 with 4 316DB61 practically unlimited with RIO500 modules

Control outputs Optocoupler inputs

Parameters ______________________________________________________________ S1, S2 closing time Live line check Circuit breaker runtime supervision Angle compensation of input voltages U1, U2 Manual transfer Maximum time to be operative after start Maximum voltage amplitude difference for operation Maximum absolute angle difference for operation Maximum frequency difference for operation Time delay for closing command Time delay for tripping command Automatic transfer Maximum time for synchronized transfer to be operative after start, release of non-synchronized transfer (T>) Maximum voltage amplitude difference for operation Limit angle for transfer before the 1st phase coincidence Maximum frequency difference for operation Residual voltage for release of non-synchronized transfer 0 to 150 ms in steps of 1 ms 0.5 to 1.2 Un in steps of 0.1 Un 50 to 500 ms in steps of 10 ms 180 to +180 degrees in steps of 0.5 degree

0.02 to 60 s in steps of 0.02 s 0.00 to 1.00 Un in steps of 0.01 Un 0 to 90 degrees in steps of 5 degrees 0.05 to 0.4 Hz in steps of 0.05 Hz 0 to 200 ms in steps of 10 ms 0 to 200 ms in steps of 10 ms

0.1 to 10 s in steps of 0.01 s 0.00 to 1.00 Un in steps of 0.01 Un 0 to 90 degrees in steps of 5 degrees 0.05 to 10 Hz in steps of 0.05 Hz 0.1 to 1.0 Un in steps of 0.1 Un

Accuracy ________________________________________________________________ Typical values at sinusoidal voltage with constant amplitude and frequency Angle measurement Frequency measurement Voltage measurement Reclosing at 10 % slip 1 0.03 Hz 2% phase coincidence 10

ABB

Page 7

Dimensional drawing
271

Mounting elements
(2 on upper shape, 2 on lower)

SYNCHROTACT HBT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

276

OUT

C E

IN

Front view

Rear view

ca.334

View from top All measures in the graphics in mm Panel cutout (W H) 265 254 mm

27.5

ca.290

View of the device

ABB Switzerland Ltd. Static Excitation Systems, Voltage Regulators and Synchronizing Equipment CH-5300 Turgi / Switzerland Telephone: +41 (0) 58 589 24 86 Fax: +41 (0) 58 589 23 33 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.abb.com / synchrotact

We reserve the right to change in the interest of technical development.

Printed in Switzerland (0301-PDF)

3B HT 490 196 R0201