Getting g Started With Python y In ArcGIS

Dale Honeycutt David Wynne

Agenda
8:30 9:30: Python 101 and ArcPy 101
Essentials of the language U Using g ArcPy y to execute g geoprocessing p g tools Python window

9:30 9:30 10:00: Script and Script tool basics

Creating C a standalone script Creating a script tool

10:00 10:15: Map 10:00 p automation 10:15 10:45: Break 10:45 10:45 11:00: Raster analysis and Map Algebra 11:00 11:00 11:45: Tool Design and Validation

Python y 101

Why Python?
ESRI has embraced Python for ArcGIS 10 Python is the language that fulfills the needs of our user community
Easy to learn Excellent for beginners and experts Suitable S it bl for f large l projects j t or small ll scripts i t Cross Cross-platform

Python 101
Clear, easy to read syntax Easy to use, makes it simple to get started Variety of basic data types
Including lists and dictionaries

Comes with a large standard library Supports raising and catching exceptions Code can be grouped into modules and packages Supports S t objectobject bj t-oriented i t d programming i
http://www.python.org/about/

Python at 10.0 10 0
ESRI has fully embraced Python as its language for automation 1. ArcPy site site-package
Includes mapping and Map Algebra support Successor to the arcgisscripting module Python access and interaction from within ArcGIS

2. Python window 3. Python script tool framework

A brief history of Python in ArcGIS

dispatchbased Geoprocessor Python 2.1

arcgisscripting module Cross-platform Cross platform Python 2.4 arcgisscripting module, 9.3 version Pythonic Python 2.5

ArcPy y site-package p g Mapping & Map Algebra support Python window Python 2.6 26

ArcPy y 101

What is ArcPy ArcPy? ?

A cornerstone for automation in ArcGIS
data analysis data conversion data management map automation

ArcPy is a native Python sitesite-package

Access to 800 800+ geoprocessing tools Provides embedded reference documentation for each function, class and module Code completion for ArcGIS components in your favorite Python editor Familiar to arcgisscripting users

ArcPy improvements
Improved coding experience, such as:
Cursors Classes C Multi Multi-value parameters can be expressed as Python lists Ability to convert rasters to and from NumPy arrays

ArcPy is supported by modules, including:

A mapping module (arcpy.mapping (arcpy.mapping) ) A Spatial Analyst module (arcpy.sa) to support map algebra A Geostatistical Analyst module (arcpy.ga)

What is the Python window?

An embedded Interactive Python window within ArcGIS
Can access ArcPy ArcPy, , including tools and environments Can C access any y other Python y functionality, y, Better code completion and intelligence

The Python y window is for:

Testing ideas Experimenting with and learning Python Simple execution of tools Building quick and easy workflows in Python

Demo: A tour of ArcPy and the Python window

Getting more help

Desktop help

Resource Center
http://resourcesbeta.esri.com/ content/geoprocessing

Running tools
Tools are accessed as functions on arcpy Environments as properties from arcpy.env class
# ~~~ PYTHON CODE ~~~ import arcpy # Set the workspace arcpy.env.workspace = "c:/st_Johns/GISData.gdb" # Execute Geoprocessing tool arcpy.Intersect_analysis(["roads","urban_area","urban_roads", 5, , "j join")

Environments
Script writers set the environment and tools use it
General settings
Current Workspace, p Output p Spatial p Reference, Extent

Raster analysis settings

Cell Size, Mask

Many more arcpy.env.workspace arcpy.env.outputCoordinateSystem arcpy.env.extent py arcpy.env.cellSize arcpy.env.mask

Tool messages
Executing E ti a tool t l will ill produce d 3 types t of f messages.
Informative messages (severity = 0) Warning messages (severity = 1) Error messages (severity = 2)
# start try block try: arcpy.Buffer("c:/ws/roads.shp", "c:/outws/roads10.shp", 10) # If an error occurs when running a geoprocessing tool, tool # print the tool messages except arcpy.ExecuteError: print arcpy.GetMessages(2) # Any other error except Exception as e: print e.message

Functions
Functions perform useful scripting tasks
Access geoprocessing tool messages (GetMessages (GetMessages) ) List data to for batch p processing g (ListFeatureClasses (ListFeatureClasses, C , ListFields, ListFields , nine other List functions) Retrieve a datasets properties (Describe (Describe) )
import arcpy # Set the workspace for ListFeatureClasses function arcpy env workspace = "c:/test" arcpy.env.workspace c:/test # For each fc, create a scratch name and clip for fc in arcpy.ListFeatureClasses(): outName = arcpy.CreateScratchName("clipped_" + fc, "", "featureclass", arcpy.env.workspace) arcpy Clip analysis(fc "boundary" arcpy.Clip_analysis(fc, boundary , outName)

Describe
Returns an object with dynamic properties Allows script to determine properties of data
Data type (shapefile (shapefile, shapefile, coverage, coverage network dataset, dataset etc) Shape type (point, polygon, line, etc) Spatial reference Extent of f features f List of fields

Logic g can be added to a script p to branch (if ( statement) ) based data properties

Describe

# Describe a feature class d = arcpy.Describe("c:/base.gdb/rivers") # Branch based on the # inputs p ShapeType p yp p property p y if d.shapeType == "Polygon": arcpy.FeatureToLine_management(inFC, outFC) else: l arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(inFC, outFC)

Classes
Most tool parameters can be easily defined
Such as a path or buffer distance

Some parameters cannot be easily defined with a string

Such as a spatial reference or field mapping

Classes can be used to define parameters

prjFile = "c:/North America Equidistant Conic.prj" # Create a spatial reference using a projection file spatialRef = arcpy.SpatialReference(prjFile) # Run CreateFeatureclass using the spatial reference arcpy.CreateFeatureclass management(inputWorkspace, arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(inputWorkspace, outputName, "POLYLINE", "", "", "", spatialRef)

Cursors
Cursors allows
Iteration over the set of rows in a table Ability y to insert new rows into a table Geometry access

Cursors have three forms

Search, S Insert and Update
import arcpy # Print road name and road type for row in arcpy.SearchCursor("D:/data.gdb/roads"): print Road name: row.roadname print i t Road R d t type: row.getValue( tV l (roadtype") dt ") del row

Demo: Converting GPS in XML to useable Geographic data

A note on Cursor functions

ArcPy cursors support iteration
At 9.3
rows = gp.SearchCursor(myTable) row = rows.next() while row: print row.GetValue(Rank) row = rows.next()

At 10
for row in arcpy.SearchCursor(myTable) print row.GetValue(Rank)

Insert Cursor
Cursors support creation of new geometries
# Open an insert cursor for the feature class cur = arcpy.InsertCursor(fc) # Create array and point objects ptList = [arcpy.Point(358331, 5273193), arcpy.Point(358337, 5272830)] lineArray = arcpy.Array(ptList) # Create a new row for the feature class feat = cur.newRow() # Set the geometry of the new feature to the # array of points feat.Shape p = lineArray y # Insert the feature cur.insertRow(feat) # Delete objects del cur, feat

Creating g Python y script tools

Demo: Map automation tools

BREAK!

See you at 10:45

Raster analysis y and Map Algebra g

Raster class
Returned output from Spatial Analyst tools
Used to represent a raster dataset on disk C Can be used as inputs p to tools and Sp Spatial Analyst y Map p Algebra expressions

Supports operators (or arithmetic operations in Map Algebra expressions) Has properties and methods for analysis
raster.min raster.max raster.save raster.save() ()

Spatial Analyst module

Spatial Analyst module that integrates Map Algebra into Python
Includes all Spatial p Analyst y tools Supports operators in Map Algebra expressions Helper classes that can be used to support complex parameter Output on the leftleft-side
from arcpy.sa import * demm = Raster("DEM") / 3.28 slpdeg = Slope(demm, "DEGREE") demfs = FocalStatistics( FocalStatistics("DEM" DEM , NbrRectangle(3,3), NbrRectangle(3 3) "MEAN") MEAN )

Raster Integration
d party Python library for scientific computing NumPy is a 3rd

A powerful array object S Sophisticated p analysis y capabilities p

ArcPy Raster objects can be converted to NumPy arrays for analysis

RasterToNumPyArray R t T N P A RasterToNumPyArray(), () NumPyArrayToRaster() (), N P A NumPyArrayToRaster T R t ()
inras = "ras100" # convert t raster t t to Numnpy N array. rasArray = arcpy.RasterToNumPyArray(inras) get the total sum of every y third value # ARRAY SLICING: g # from every third row of the raster sampArray = rasArray[::3,::3] sum = NUM.sum(sampArray) print i t sum

Demo: Working with Map Algebra and NumPy

Tool Design g and Validation

Dales Dale s script tool wizardry validation