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    Concentrated Solar Power Technology

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    Goutham Burra
    The following presentation tells us how various countries are harvesting solar energy and scope of solar energy plants

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    Concentrated Solar Power Technology

    Uploaded by

    Goutham Burra
    110 views18 pages
    The following presentation tells us how various countries are harvesting solar energy and scope of solar energy plants

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The following presentation tells us how various countries are harvesting solar energy and scope of solar energy plants

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    110 views18 pages

    Concentrated Solar Power Technology

    Uploaded by

    Goutham Burra
    The following presentation tells us how various countries are harvesting solar energy and scope of solar energy plants

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) TECHNOLOGY

    1/18

    INDIAS ENERGY SCENARIO


    The energy policy of India - country's burgeoning energy deficit & increased focus on developing alternative sources of energy, particularly nuclear, solar and wind energy Due to rapid economic expansion, India is expected to be the second-largest contributor to the increase in global energy demand by 2035, accounting for 18% of the rise in global energy consumption The country has five nuclear reactors under construction (third highest in the world) and plans to construct 18 additional nuclear reactors (second highest in the world) by 2025 India got plans to add about 20GW of solar power capacity by 2022 India has the world's fifth largest wind power market It suffers from a major shortage of electricity generation capacity ; it is the world's fourth largest energy consumer after US, China and Russia The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 210.936 GW as of November 2012, the world's fifth largest Over 300 million people in India have no access to electricity. Of those who do, almost all find electricity supply intermittent and unreliable
    Source Coal Hydroelectricity Renewable source Gas Nuclear Oil Total Total Capacity (MW) 120,103.38 39,291.40 24,998.46 18,903.05 4780 1,199.75 2,09,276.04 Percentage 57.38 18.77 11.94 9.03 0.57 2.28 2/18

    SOLAR POWER IN INDIA


    With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is about 5000 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5000 trillion kWh/yr or about 600 TW) India has high solar insolation around 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 15002000 sunshine hours per year, which is far more than current total energy consumption Thar Desert alone has a potential to generate 700 GW to 2100 GW The amount of solar energy produced in India in 2007 was less than 1% of the total energy demand The grid-interactive solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW; 468.3 MW in 2011; By July 2012 the installed grid connected PV had increased to 1040.67 MW; expecting 10GW by 2017 and a total of 20GW by 2022

    3/18

    SOLAR ENERGY POWER PLANTS


    Two ways to use Solar Energy to generate Electricity: Photovoltaic : The direct conversion of Sunlight to Electricity Thermal/CSP : The use of heat to generate electricity
    A Photovoltaic Solar PP contains: Solar Arrays Inverter transformer PV Cell uses 250nm-1100nm bandwidth only A Thermal/CSP Plant Contains: Collector Field Heat Storage Tank Heat engine/Turbine Generator Cooling Tower Transformer Thermal Band 100nm-14000nm 4/18

    Limitations of Photovoltaic Conversion


    It generates DC Power (4-12% loss in DC to AC conversion) Power not available at night or in bad weather Much More expensive than conventional Toxic chemicals are used like Cadmium and arsenic. (Environmental hazard in disposing off) Can be used for low volume power generation

    INTRODUCTION
    Solar thermal energy (STE) is a technology for harnessing solar energy for thermal energy (heat) Solar thermal collectors are classified by the United States Energy Information Administration as low, medium or high-temperature collectors High temperature collector is also called as CSP collectors - use mirrors to reflect & concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect solar energy & convert it to heat This thermal energy can then be used to produce electricity via a steam turbine/heat engine that drives a generator More efficient than photovoltaics Heat storage is possible. With current technology, storage of heat is much cheaper & more efficient than storage of electricity. In this way, the CSP plant can produce electricity day and night With reliability, unused desert, no pollution, and no fuel costs, the obstacles for large deployment for CSP are cost, aesthetics & land use Development is underway for CSP projects for around 14,000MW

    5/18

    VARIETIES
    Cylindrical Parabolic Collector (Parabolic Trough) Compound Parabolic Collector Dish/Engine technology Fresnel Lens Collector Central Tower Concept

    FOSSIL-FIRED BACKUP SYSTEM Solar Thermal Energy

    SOLAR RADIATION

    CONCENTRATOR

    RECEIVER

    Concentrated Solar Radiation POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM

    6/18

    Schematic Diagram for Solar Thermal PP

    CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC COLLECTORS (Also known as Parabolic Troughs


    or Linear Parabolic Collector)

    Most matured Technology as on date Basic Elements


    Absorber tube located at troughs focal axis Concentric transparent cover Parabolic Concentrator

    Most optimum orientation Focal Axis is N-S & horizontal Tilting of trough in E-W direction needed to absorb the suns radiation Heat transfer fluid(Synthetic thermal oil) circulates in tube, temp reaches about 400oC Passed through a series of Heat Exchangers to produce superheated steam Steam runs the conventional Steam turbine to produce Electricity. Better for large capacity power plant The overall efficiency from collector to grid is about 15%, similar to PV Cells but less than Stirling dish concentrators Can be used in Hybrid concept Heat storage feasible for electricity generation when there is no Sun. 20+ Power plants established so far worldwide. Largest SEGS plant with 5 collector fields with 354MW generation capacity @ Kramer Junction, California, USA 7/18 45+ Under construction/Announced

    SCHEMATIC OF CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC COLLECTORS (also known


    as parabolic troughs or linear parabolic collector)

    8/18

    ANDASOL (SPAIN) Parabolic Trough (50 MW) using thermal oil heat transfer fluid and molten salt storage (7 h)

    9/18

    PARABOLIC DISH-STIRLING TECHNOLOGY


    Parabolic Dish Reflector Focuses incoming sunlight onto a stirling cycle engine Engine/generator uses the Stirling Thermodynamic cycle to produce electricity Two axis tracking Produces high temperature (700-800oC) in the fluid receiving the focused solar energy One Parabolic dish- stirling engine unit produces 3 to 25 kW By using many units in an array power can be produced in MW High efficiency solar to electricity 30% Can be used for relatively small distributed power source Minimal water requirement Disadvantage - No thermal energy storage. No sun- No electricity Plants i) Maricopa Solar, Arizona USA 1.5 MW 2010 ii) Renovalia, Albacete Spain 1 MW

    10/18

    SCHEMATIC OF PARABOLIC DISH-STIRLING TECHNOLOGY

    11/18

    SES (STIRLING ENERGY SYSTEMS) STRILING POWER UNITS

    12/18

    LINEAR FRESNEL REFLECTOR SYSTEM


    Flat or slightly curved mirrors mounted on trackers on ground are configured to reflect sunlight onto a receiver tube fixed in space above the mirrors A small parabolic mirror is sometimes added atop the receiver to further focus the sunlight Lower overall costs-sharing a receiver between different mirrors

    13/18

    SOLAR CENTRAL POWER TOWER 2nd most matured Technology as on date (2 sq mile) Circular/Rectangular Array of Heliostats (Flat Mirrors) Central Receiver mounted on Tower Parabolic Concentrator 2 axis Tracking Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) HTF temp reaches about 1000o F (538C) Passed through a series of Heat Exchanger to produce superheated steam Steam runs the conventional Steam turbine to produce Electricity. Better for large capacity power plant Can be used in Hybrid concept Heat storage feasible for electricity generation when there is no Sun. 5+ Power plants established so far worldwide. Biggest - 20 MW Spain Seville 10+ Under Construction/Announced 200 MW California, Mojave
    14/18

    10 MW POWER PLANT AT BARSTOW, CALIFORNIA

    15/18

    MATURITY LEVEL OF CSP TECHNOLOGIES

    CSP Technology type

    Installed capacity (MW)

    Appropriate capacity under construction and proposed (MW) > 10,000 > 3,000 > 1000 > 500

    Parabolic trough Central Receiver

    1150 93

    Parabolic Dish-Stirling 2.5 Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) 11

    16/18

    CONCLUSION
    Of all of these technologies the solar dish/Stirling engine has the highest energy efficiency. (A single solar dish-Stirling engine installed at Sandia National Laboratories National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) produces as much as 25 kW of electricity, with a conversion efficiency of 31.25%) Solar parabolic trough plants have been built with efficiencies of about 20% Fresnel reflectors have an efficiency that is slightly lower (but this is compensated by the denser packing) Since a solar power plant does not use any fuel, the cost consists primarily of capital cost with minor operational and maintenance cost. If the lifetime of the plant and the interest rate is known, the cost per kWh can be calculated. This is called the levelised energy cost The first step in the calculation is to determining the investment for the production of 1 kWh in a year. Example, the fact sheet of the Andasol 1 project shows a total investment of 310 million euros for a production of 179 GWh a year. Since 179 GWh is 179 million kWh, the investment per kWh a year production is 310 / 179 = 1.73 euro A study done by Greenpeace International shows that by 2050, CSP technologies could account for around 25% of worlds energy demands

    THANK YOU!!!!

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