Alum Engine
Alum Engine
Alum Engine
Contents
Page Chapter 1: General 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Reasons for using aluminium cylinder blocks Known brands of aluminium alloys for cylinder blocks Vehicles/engines with aluminium cylinder blocks Design details Composite materials for cylinder liners. Aluminium/ cast iron 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4
1.6 Use of Cr-coated piston rings 1.7 KS cylinder liners for Alusil engines Chapter 2: Reconditioning an Alusilcylinder block 2.1 2.2 Preparatory machining of the cylinder block Installation of the Alusil cylinder liner
5 5 6 6
2.2.1 Installation with dry ice 2.2.2 Installation with liquid nitrogen 2.2.3 Preheating of the cylinder block 2.2.4 Fitting the cylinder liner 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Planing of the cylinder block Prehoning, finish honing, polishing Silicon lapping Tables
6 6 7 7 8 8 9
Chapter 3: Reconditioning a Lokasil cylinder block based on the example of the Porsche Boxster engine Chapter 4: Reconditioning the threads for the cylinder head bolts
14
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Chapter 1: General
1.1 Reasons for using aluminium engine blocks It has always been a challenge for engine designers to make, besides cylinder heads and pistons, the entire cylinder block from aluminium without additional cylinder liners or surface reinforcements. Besides a favourable running behaviour due to weight reduction, it is especially the heat balance which can be controlled much more easily because the thermal conductivity of aluminium is about 4 times higher. The engine warms up more quickly and uniformly. So the weight savings are not limited to the cylinder block weight but a reduction of the cooling water volume is also possible because of the better thermal conductivity and heat radiation of the cylinder block.
1.3 Vehicles/engines with aluminium cylinder blocks GALNIKAL / NIKASIL BMW 2.0 Litre 6 cylinders 2.5 Litre 6 cylinders M52 2.8 Litre 6 cylinders M52 3.0 Litre V8 4.0 Litre V8 Motorbike 100 K JAGUAR V8
1.4 Design details Alusil: Alusil base material is expensive and difficult to machine due to the high silicon content Boring the cylinder block is possible Oversized pistons are available Pistons in Alusil blocks are coated with iron and tin Galnikal: Galnikal base material is cheaper than Alusil and easier to machine due to its substantially lower silicon content The cylinder bore is nickel coated Boring the cylinder block is not possible because of the nickel coat ! Oversized pistons are not available Chr omium cylinders: Chromium As Galnikal but: the cylinder bore is chromium coated Lokasil / KS patent: Lokasil base material costs less than Alusil and is easier to process. Preforms, which are special prefabricated liners from Lokasil with a high silicon content of 20 - 27 %, are cast into the cylinder bore Oversized pistons are available Boring of the cylinder block is possible
ALUSIL / SILUMAL MERCEDES-BENZ 3.8 Litre before 8.81 3.8 Litre after 8.81 4.2 Litre 5.0 / 5.6 Litre 6.0 Litre PORSCHE 928 928 S 944 BMW 750 i 3.5 Litre V8 4.4 Litre V8 AUDI V8 4.2 Litre V6 2.8 Litre
1.2 Known brands of aluminium alloys for cylinder blocks KOLBENSCHMIDT Alusil Galnikal Chrome cylinder Lokasil (KS patent) MAHLE Silumal Nikasil Cromal
1.5 Composite materials for cylinder liners. Aluminium/cast iron KOLBENSCHMIDT Alfin cylinder Alfin cast into cylinder MAHLE Biral cylinder Outer cylinder wall surface rough
1.6 Use of Cr-coated piston rings KOLBENSCHMIDT Alfin cylinder Alusil Galnikal Chrome cylinder MAHLE Biral cylinder Silumal Nikasil Cromal Cr piston rings possible possible not possible not possible
1.7 KS cylinder liners for Alusil engines Manufacturer/engine KS Art.No. Flange diameter (mm) 97.50 93.50 97.50 102.00 94.50 Flange Outside diaheight(mm) meter (mm) 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 95.50 91.50 95.50 100.00 92.50 Inside diameter (mm) 91.00 87.00 91.00 95.50 88.00 Length (mm) 134.70 134.70 134.70 155.70 131.55
MB 3.8 Litre before 8.81 89 321 190 MB 3.8 Litre after 8.81 MB 4.2 Litre MB 5.0/5.6 Litre MB M120 12 Cyl. PORSCHE 928S 1984-1986 Diameter 97mm PORSCHE 928 from1985 Diameter 100 mm 89 189 190 89 321 190 89 190 190 89 418 190
89 190 190
102.00
4.70
100.00
95.50
155.70
89 327 190 107.00 reduce to block height 89 327 190 107.00 89.00
4.70
105.00
99.50
145.00
PORSCHE 944
4.70 4.70
BMW M70 12 Cylinder 89 400 190 ALUSIL raw casting 89 397 190 on request
2.1 Preparatory machining of the cylinder block (Fig. 1) Tighten the bearing cap applying the torque specified by the engine manufacturer. Next, clamp the cylinder block onto the boring machine, align it roughly and than fasten it. Swivel the cylinder block and set it to the final machining position by fine alignment. The semi-finished Alusil cylinder liners offered by KS are manufactured to a high degree of accuracy. The outside diameter tolerance is 0.03 mm max. In order to achieve an exact bore, the following work sequences are recommended for preparing the bore to accommodate Alusil liners:
1st stage: Pre-boring with a material removal of 7/10 mm max. 2nd stage: Finish boring with a material removal of 5/10 mm max. Then the flange support is turned to a diameter B to a depth of C (values see Table 1, page 9). In order to avoid the risk of liner flange cracking, care should be taken to ensure that the support surface of the liner flange is exactly perpendicular to the cylinder bore. The diameters for the respective engine types can also be found listed in Table 1. As dry cylinder liners have extremely thin walls,
they may be subject to dimensional changes in unstressed condition, such as oval deformation, but when installed, after the shrinking process, they will again revert to the cylindrical shape of the base bore. Subsequently, the top edge of the cylinder bore is to be provided with a chamfer of 0.5 + 0.1 mm x 45.
Figure 1 5
2.2 Installation of the Alusil cylinder liner 2.2.1 Installation with dry ice (Fig. 2) A relatively simple method is to use CO2 (carbon dioxide) filled into riser-type pressure bottles. Physical principle: when the gas flows out, dry ice is forming due to the sudden strong expansion. The dry ice may be collected in an insulated container. This insulated container should meet the necessary demands on insulation and strength. The cylinder liner may be cooled down to about 80C with the dry ice.
2.2.2 Installation with liquid nitrogen (Fig. 3) The cylinder liner is placed in liquid nitrogen and reaches a temperature of -180 C. Liquid nitrogen may be obtained from the local gas dealer.
2.2.3 Preheating of the cylinder block (Fig. 4) A heating oven with appropriate dimensions is ideal for heating up the cylinder block. The cylinder block remains in the preheated oven for about 20 - 30 minutes. If the installation is done with dry ice, it is essential to preheat the cylinder block to a temperature of 160 C. It is not absolutely necessary to preheat the cylinder block if the installation work is done with liquefied nitrogen. However, if there is a possibility, we would recommend about 100 - 120C. A temperature difference between cylinder block and liner of about 200C is necessary to ensure safe installation.
Figure 3
Figure 2 6
Figure 4
2.2.4 Fitting the cylinder liner (Fig. 5) Installing the cylinder liner is absolutely unproblematic. By cooling the cylinder liner, its diameter will decrease by about 0.1 mm whereas by preheating of the cylinder block, the base bore will become enlarged by about 0.25 mm, so that when fitting the liner, there will be a clearance of about 0.35 mm. However, the Alusil cylinder liner should be installed relatively quickly because this is a cylinder liner of extremely thin walls and aluminium is a very good heat conductor.
2.3 Planing of the cylinder block (Fig. 6) After aligning, the cylinder block is planed. The material removal should be 0.1 mm in order to ensure a perfectly plane surface.
Figure 5
Figure 6 7
2.4 Prehoning, finish honing, polishing (Fig. 7) Honing should be done using a Sunnen honing machine. For the first 3 honing phases (prehoning, finish honing, polishing), different honing stones are to be applied. The type of tool used (honing stones, honing oil) and the machine adjustments are important for efficient machining and may differ from engine type to engine type. The respective values can be read from the various tables provided.
With this machining step, the silicon crystals in the cylinder block are exposed, which leads to a more durable and wear-resistant cylinder surface.
Figure 7
2.5 Silicon lapping (Figs. 8 and 9) The fourth and last machining phase is silicon lapping. In this process, the honing stones are replaced by felt pads. The cylinder bore and the felt pads are coated with silicon polishing paste. Honing oil is not used. The felt pads and the silicon paste do not effect a measurable material removal.
Figure 9
An additional long lifetime can be expected from an aluminium cylinder block reconditioned in this way (Fig.10).
Figure 8 8
Figure 10
2.6 Tables Table 1: Machining dimensions for installing KS Alusil cylinder liners
+0.1
C -0.1
A +0.035
AluminiumCylinder block
Vehicle MB 3.8 l before 8/81 MB 3.8 l after 8/81 MB 4.2 l MB 5.0 l and 5.6 l
Table 2: MERCEDES-BENZ 3.8 Litre engine 2. Series with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Rouging to Cylinder std. 88.00 mm Cylinder oversize 88.50 mm 88.40 mm Cylinder length 135 mm Honing head type CK-3000 or CK 2600 Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 140 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK / 57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 15 mm Roughing stone C 30- J55 Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % 30 - 40 Material removal approx. 0.07 mm Feed wheel setting 10 lines Roughness Rt. approx.7-8 my Finishing to Polishing to Silicon lapping to
C30- C03- 81 30 - 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my C30- F85 20 - 30 20 - 30 0.01 mm approx. 15 strokes 10 lines 60 sec. running time approx.0.6 - 0,8 my approx. 1-2 my
Table 3: MERCEDES-BENZ 4.2 and 3.8 litre engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder Std. 92.00 mm Cylinder oversize 92.50 mm Cylinder length 135 mm Honing head type Stroke length setting Setting on machine RPM SPM Feed setting Top stone overstroke Roughing stone Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % Material removal approx. Feed wheel setting Roughness Rt.
10
C30- C03- 81 30 - 40 0.07 mm 10 lines approx. 7-8 my 30 - 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my 20- 30 0.01 mm 10 lines approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my C30- F85 20- 30 approx. 15 strokes 60 sec. running time approx. 1-2 my
Table 4: MERCEDES-BENZ 5.0 and 5.6 litre engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder Std.96.50 mm Cylinder oversize 97.00 mm 96.90 mm Cylinder length 155 mm Honing head type CK-3000 or CK 2600 Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 160 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK / 57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 15 mm Roughing stone C 30- J55 Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % 30 - 40 Material removal approx. 0.07 mm Feed wheel setting 10 lines Roughness Rt. approx. 7-8 my Finishing to 96.98 mm dto. 70 mm 160 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK / 57 CV 4 15 mm C 30-J84 C30- C03- 81 30 - 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my C30- F85 20- 30 20- 30 0.01 mm approx. 15 strokes 10 lines 60 sec. running time approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my approx. 1-2 my Polishing to 97.00 mm dto. 70 mm 160 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK / 57 CV 3 15 mm Silicon lapping to 97.00 mm dto. 70 mm 140 mm 185 CK/230 CV 73 CK / 80 CV 2 2 mm
Table 5: PORSCHE 928 engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder std. 95.00 mm Cylinder oversize 95.50 mm 95.40 mm Cylinder length 140 mm Honing head type CK-3000 or CK 2600 Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 160 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK/57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 25 mm Roughing stone C30- J55 Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter% 30- 40 Material removal approx. 0.07 mm Feed wheel setting 10 lines Roughness Rt. approx. 7- 8 my Finishing to 95.48 mm dto. 70 mm 160 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 4 25 mm C30- J84 C30- C03- 81 30- 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my C30- F85 20- 30 20- 30 0.01 mm approx. 15 strokes 10 lines 60 sec. running time approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my approx. 1- 2 my
11
Polishing to 95.50 mm
Table 6: PORSCHE 928 S Engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder std. 97.00 mm Cylinder oversize 97.50 mm 97.40 mm Cylinder length 140 mm Honing head type CK-3000 or CK 2600 Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 160 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK/57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 25 mm Roughing stone C30- J55 Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % 30- 40 Material removal approx. 0.07 mm Feed wheel setting 10 lines Roughness Rt. approx. 7- 8 my Finishing to 97.48 mm dto. 70 mm 160 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 4 25 mm C30- J84 C30- C03- 81 30- 40 20- 30 0.03 mm 0.01 mm 10 lines 10 lines approx. 2 my approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my C30- F85 20- 30 approx.15 strokes 60 sec. running time approx. 1- 2 my Polishing to 97.50 mm dto. 70 mm 160 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 3 25 mm Silicon lapping to 97.50 mm dto. 70 mm 125 mm 185 CK/230 CV 73 CK/80 CV 2 2 mm
Table 7: PORSCHE 944 engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder std.100.00 mm Cylinder oversize 100.50 mm 100.40 mm Cylinder length 145 mm Honing head type CK-3000 or CK 2600 Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 160 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK/57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 21 mm Roughing stone C30- J55 Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % 30- 40 Material removal approx. 0.07 mm Feed wheel setting 10 lines Roughness Rt. approx. 7- 8 my
12
C30- C03- 81 C30- F85 30- 40 20- 30 20- 30 0.03 mm 0.01 mm approx.15 strokes 10 lines 10 lines 60 sec. running time approx. 2 my approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my approx. 1- 2 my
Table 8: BMW 750 i engine type M 70 V- 12 with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder Std. 84.00 mm Cylinder oversize 84.25 mm 84.15 Cylinder length 125 mm CK-3000 or CK 2600 Honing head type Stroke length setting 70 mm Setting on machine 125 mm RPM 125 CK / CV SPM 49 CK/57 CV Feed setting 5 Top stone overstroke 15 mm Roughing stone Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % Material removal approx. Feed wheel setting Roughness Rt. C30- J55 C30- J84 C30- C03- 81 30- 40 0.07 mm 10 lines approx. 7- 8 my 30- 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my 20- 30 0.01 mm 10 lines approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my C30- F85 20- 30 approx.15 strokes 60 sec. running time approx. 1- 2 my Finishing to 84.23 mm dto. 70 mm 125 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 4 15 mm Polishing to 84.25 mm dto. 70 mm 125 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 3 15 mm Silicon lapping to 84.25 mm dto. 70 mm 105 mm 185 CK/230 CV 73 CK/80 CV 2 2 mm
Table 9: MERCEDES-BENZ V-12 6,0 Litre engine with Sunnen CK- 10/CV- 616 Roughing to Cylinder Std.89.00 mm Cylinder oversize 89.35 mm Cylinder length 130 mm Honing head type Stroke length setting Setting on machine RPM SPM Feed setting Top stone overstroke Roughing stone Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % Material removal approx. Feed wheel setting Roughness Rt. 89.25 mm C-3000 or CK 2600 70 mm 135 mm 125 CK / CV 49 CK/57 CV 5 15 mm C30- J55 C30- J84 C30- C03- 81 30- 40 0.07 mm 10 lines approx. 7- 8 my 30- 40 0.03 mm 10 lines approx. 2 my C30- F85 20- 30 20- 30 0.01 mm approx.15 strokes 10 lines 60 sec. running time approx. 0.6 - 0.8 my approx. 1- 2 my
13
Chapter 3: Reconditioning a Lokasil cylinder block based on the example of the Porsche Boxster engine
14
Reconditioning is similar to Alusil, in the same sequence, but with changed machine setting in accordance with the following table. Table 10: Porsche Boxster 6 cyl., 2480 cm3, bore 85.5 mm, stroke 72 mm with Sunnen CV-616 Roughing to Cylinder Std. 85.50 mm Cylinder oversize 86.00 mm Cylinder length 130 mm Honing head type Stroke length setting Setting on machine RPM SPM Feed setting Top stone overstroke Roughing stone Finishing stone Polishing stone Felt pads Load meter % Material removal approx. Feed wheel setting Roughness Rt. 85.90 mm -3000 or CK 2600 70 mm 145 mm 170 CV 80CV 1 15 mm C30-J55 Finishing to 85.98 mm dto. 70 mm 145 mm 170 CV 80 CV 6 15 mm C30-J84 C30-C03-81 30-40 0.07 mm 10 lines 10-20 0.03 mm 10 lines 10-20 0.01 mm 10 lines C30-F85 10-20 approx.15 Strokes 45 sec. running time approx. 3-4 my Polishing to 86.00 mm dto. 70 mm 145 mm 125 CV 80 CV 5 15 mm Silicon lapping to 86.00 mm dto. 70 mm 145 mm 125 CV 80 CV 4 2 mm
For the cylinder blocks of Porsche Boxster 6 Cyl., Lokasil 2 is applied with a silicon content of 27 % (compared with Lokasil 1 with 20 % Si). This material is more resistant to wear than Alusil on account of its higher silicon content. The cylinder wall is much thicker due to the preforms (see chapter 1, item 1.4) so that it exhibits a good dimensional stability. The cylinder bore is continuous which makes machining much easier. KS Honing accessories: KS Art.No. 50 009 859 50 009 860 50 009 861 50 009 862 50 009 863
Specification for the Lokasil surface: Roughness average Ra Roughness height Rz Peak height Rpk Core roughness height Rk Groove depth Rvk 0.15-0.35 my 1.0-3.0 my 0.40-0.70 my 0.20-0.60 my 0.10-0.70 my
Article Silicon paste Honing stone set 2 roughing stones Honing stone set 2 finishing stones Honing stone set 2 polishing stones Felt pad set 2 felt pads
Engine overheating may lead to stripped threads in the cylinder head bolt holes in aluminium cylinder blocks. This thread damage can be repaired with the so-called Time Sert system. This system has a great benefit in that a small threaded bush locks itself into the aluminium cylinder block so that when the engine is dismantled
again, the threaded insert is not turned out. This assumes a solid threaded bush made of steel which ensures simple installation and high endurance. Internally and externally synchronous threads allow the application of these threaded bushes with low wall thicknesses. Moreover, threaded bushes are
self-locking and pressure tight so that the tensioning achieved when fitting prevents unscrewing and withstands any number of bolt fitting and removal operations.
Tightening tool
Drill
Figure 12
Tap
Shank cutter
Threaded bushes
16
Figure 13
Drill a core hole with a drill or bore the old thread out
Figure 14
The core hole is countersunk with a shank cutter (depth 2.5 mm). 17
Figure 15
Figure 17
6th step - Tightening Using the tightening tool, turn in the threaded bush until it is flush with the surface. At increasing turning depth, more force has to be applied. Now the internal thread is fully shaped and at the same time the bush pressed into the base thread. Only after this operation can the tightening tool be easily turned back.
Figure 18
The job is complete. A heavy duty, thin-walled and self-locking threaded bush is fitted.
Figure 19
Tools for threaded bushes KS Art.No. 50 009 871 Article Set: 1 shank cutter, 1 tap, 1 special drill, 1 tightening tool, 50 threaded bushes 50 threaded bushes M 10 x 1.5 (internal thread)
19
50 009 872
MSI Motor Service International GmbH P.O.Box 1351 D-74150 Neckarsulm Phone ++49-7132-33 33 33 Fax ++49-7132-33 28 64 [email protected] www.msi-motor-service.com
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