What's New in R12 For SupplyChain - MOAUG - v2

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 82

What's New in R12 for Supply Chain, and What Does it Mean for You?

Chandra Pandey Director Supply Chain Fujitsu America

Fujitsu at a Glance
Established: Net sales: June 1935 US$47.9 Billion (4,692.9 billion yen)

R&D spending: US$2.6 Billion (249.9 billion yen) Employees: 175,000 worldwide

Principal business areas:


Technology solutions (US$ 31.4 Billion)
System Products, Network Products, Services

Ubiquitous product solutions (US$ 9.7 Billion)


PCs, Hard Disk Drives, Mobile Phones

Device solutions (US$ 6.0 Billion)


LSI Devices, Electronic Components
Note: Consolidated net sales and R&D expenditure for fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. US$1 = 98 . WW employees as of September 2008.

FY2008 Revenue by Region


The Americas
391.4 Billion (US$4.0 Billion)

8.4% 9.6% 14.0% 68.0%

Japan
3,193.1 Billion (US$32.6 Billion)

APAC & China


451.3 Billion (US$4.6 Billion)

EMEA
657.0 Billion (US$6.7 Billion)

Consolidated Net Sales to Unaffiliated Clients by Clients Geographic Location

Note: Regional sales outside Japan are sales to clients based in those regions by Fujitsu Limited and Fujitsu Group companies, including subsidiaries within or outside that region. Sales of Fujitsu Siemens Computers are not included in EMEA total. US$1 = 98. FY 2008 is fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.

Agenda
Overall Theme Supply Chain R12.1 New Products / Functionalities 12/12.1 - Key Enhancements to Core Functionality

Order Management Planning Procurement Discrete Manufacturing Logistics Process Manufacturing

What Does it Mean for You? Options for you

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Overall Themes
Overall, EBS R12 has:

18 New Products (more 12.1) 2443 Enhancements

Strategy: One stop shop (ERP, Quality, Scheduling, Maintenance, and MES)

Leverage Fusion to integrate w/other plant floor systems


Leverage Siebel Business Analytics as BI platform Enhanced DRP capability Enhanced Mixed Mode MFG support OPM totally integrated

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Overall - New Look and Feel


More HTML-based forms Fewer pop-up windows, duplicate forms New Sun J2SE native plug-in replaces JInitiator

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Overall Themes Supply Chain


New Products: (more in 12.1 )

Manufacturing Execution System (MES) Distribution Planning ( additional component of Advanced Planning suite)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

12.1. Release

New Products
Advanced Planning Command Center
o

Oracle Advanced Planning Command Center is a new product that pulls together planning outputs from multiple E-Business Suite supply chain planning applications

Reporting and analysis within a unified user interface based on Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE)

Oracle Demand Signal Repository


o o o

The Oracle Demand Signal Repository (DSR) helps manufacturers collect detailed retailer and other demand data Analyze it to identify issues and opportunities The repository is especially useful for suppliers and distributors that struggle to understand the huge volume of detailed sales data they receive from supplier extranets

Oracle Manufacturing Operations Center


o o o

Next generation Manufacturing Operations architecture ISA-95 reference model Increased visibility, sophisticated operational analytics Standardized and simplified integration between the enterprise and Shop Floor

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

New Products
Oracle Manufacturing Operations Center
o

Centralizes real-time shop-floor data from multiple production systems to help supply chain managers optimize manufacturing performance.

Pre-built Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and analytics, delivered in Oracles industry leading Business Intelligence (BI) technology

Spare Parts Planning


o o

Helps manufacturers maintain optimum levels of spare parts

It includes the Demantra statistical forecasting engine for accurate forecasting of parts levels. o Integrated forecasting and replenishment planning workbench, o Planning logic dedicated to the unique characteristics of the service parts planning domain

Landed Cost Management Oracle Sourcing On Demand Channel Revenue Management ( Formerly Trade Management)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

MOC - Visibility and Efficiency Target

11

MOC - Where we should deploy this solution?

Fujitsu MES Briefing to AMR Research

12

MOC

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

SPP - Spare Parts Supply Chain in Oracle

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

14

SPP - Replenishment Flow


IO / SPP

Forecast Demand for Spares at RDC

Forecast supply of defective returns to the central WH

Establish the need for spares supply at central and distribution WH

Demantra

Demantra

Field Technician Replenishment / Return defective parts

Execute sourcing recommendations

Determine the source of spares supply, (Sourcing rules).

Spares management

SPP /INV/ Spares Management

IO / SPP

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

15

Service Parts Planning

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

16

Oracle Landed Cost Management - New Module


Captures and itemizes all the merchandise and nonmerchandise related costs associated with an organizations supply chain Increase visibility and ensure compliance required by International trade Drives strategic decisions around sourcing, product pricing, contract negotiation, and product planning initiative

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Oracle Landed Cost Management - New Module

Costs are flexibly allocated and assigned back to the products for which they should apply.

Allocation During the receiving and invoicing processes Replace PO costs with landed cost
Oracle Channel Rebate and Point-of-Sale Management Repackaged 4 Oracle Price Protection New Product Oracle Supplier Ship and Debit New Product
For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Channel Revenue Management


Oracle Accounts Receivable Deductions Settlement Repackaged 3 Oracle Channel Rebate and Point-of-Sale Management Repackaged 4 Oracle Price Protection New Product Oracle Supplier Ship and Debit New Product

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

CRM - Ship & Debit Process

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

12.1./ 12 Key Functionalities

Order Management
Multi-org access control

Can access, process, and report against data for multiple operating units from one responsibility Data Security still maintained via security profiles

Customer Acceptance

Use Order Information Portal, or API can record acceptance Pre-billing and post-billing acceptance; can do implicit acceptance after x days

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Order Management
Mass Scheduling

Schedule all orders not yet scheduled at once Can also unschedule and reschedule in mass (by request date, creation date, etc.)

Header Attribute Cascading

Ability to propagate info, changes to lines Controlled via quick codes can enable, disable by attribute

Credit Card Security Code

Can capture credit card verification values Supported in User Interface, Order Import, and process order public API

Credit Holds honored across Operating Units

All OUs that have customer site defined and order placed with that customer

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Order Management
Header Attribute Cascading Setup

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Order Management 12.1


Item Orderability Post-booking item substitution Automated internal requisition and internal sales order change management

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Advanced Supply Chain Planning


3 main themes in Advanced Planning

Distribution Planning Enhancements

Process Manufacturing Enhancements Factory Planning Enhancements


Fair Share allocation planning Multiple inventory policies (create bands of inventory)

Distribution Planning (DRP)


For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Advanced Supply Chain Planning


Distribution Planning (DRP) (cont.)

Global Forecasting with local allocation of supply Ship method selection with load consolidation (between orgs)

Item Attribute Simulation Sets

Allows you to simulate changes to item attributes in ASCP plans

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Distribution Planning
Distribution Planning Existing in 11i.10 Complete supply chain visibility Bills of distribution and sourcing rules Global forecasting End-item substitution Alternate components, suppliers, facilities, and ship methods Model customer and supplier facilities Supplier capacity constraints Distribution Planning - Added in Release 12 o Fair Share Allocation o Inter-organization load consolidation o Inventory re-balancing oDistribution focused usability enhancements New Distribution Planners Workbench oRelease and reschedule internal sales orders

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Distribution Planning

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Advanced Supply Chain Planning


Order Queries

Can do personal queries for supply and demand (i.e. purchase recommendations for supplier XYZ needing to be released within 10 days)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Advanced Supply Chain Planning


Factory Planning Improvements

Discrete Mfg Integration Enhancements


Actual Work Order Start Dates Lot-Based Component Usage

Gantt Chart Enhancements


Enhanced Resource View

Sequence-dependent Setups
Minimizes changeover time

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Advanced Supply Chain Planning


More Integration with OPM

ASCP unconstrained plans replace OPM MRP Part of Asia Pac business support theme throughout R12

Chargeable Subcontracting

Material sold one for one and in bulk to contract manufacturers to be part of assemblies Planning support for sync and non-sync material sold to contract manufacturer

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Key New Features R12.1 - ASCP


Backward Compatibility to 11i10

Enables use of R12.1 Planning server with ERP staying at 11.5.10 Access to key new products available only with 12.1 value chain planning (APCC, DSR,SPP) Access to new features of ASCP 12.1

OTM Integration to ASCP

Leverage Oracle Transportation Management (OTM) Supply Chain Event Use the updated dates in ASCP interactive planning calculations to calculate the impact of transportation delays on downstream orders and take corrective action

Day-Level Planning More Accurate Offloading to Alternates

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Key New Features R12.1 - ASCP


Contiguous Processing ( useful for process industries) Minimum Remaining Shelf Life End Item Substitution Enhancements Safety Lead Time

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Demand Planning: ODP vs. Demantra


Oracle Demand Planning (ODP)

Part of EBS R12 Captures & Processes Demand from multiple sources Multiple Statistical Forecasting techniques, info accessible to multiple parties

Demantra
Point Solution (not part of EBS) More Advanced Demand Management capability Trade Promotion Management Real Time Sales and Operations Planning

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Where Does Demantra Fit?


Demantra Demand Management Real-Time Sales and Operations Planning Trade Promotion Management

Demand Management

Predictive Trade Planning

Advanced Forecasting & Demand Modeling

Deduction and Settlement Management

Promotion Optimization

Supply Chain Planning Strategic Network Optimization (1) Inventory Optimization Adv. Supply Chain Planning Global Order Promising Collaborative Planning Production Scheduling (1)

Oracle EBS Supply Chain Management and Financials

JDE E1 Supply Chain Management and Financials

Siebel CRM Trade Management Execution

(1) Numetrix
For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Bills of Material
Material Control Attribute Updates for Common BOMs

Can be edited, and can be different than source BOM

Inverse Usage Field on BOM Components

Inverse value of component quantity


Field indicates whether fixed quantity for a job or varies with job quantity

Fixed Component Usage on BOM

Batch Import Capability for BOM Open Interface Sequencing Window on Dept-Resource Entity Expanding OSFM into MES
Shop Floor Transaction and Stocking Point tabs added for Std Operations. Applies for Shop Floor-enabled Organizations

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

MES Discrete Workstation

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Work in Process
Component Usage Enhancements

Fixed Component Usage on discrete jobs (BOM) Also available with Workorderless completions and Flow Manufacturing Printed Gantt Charts, Edit Schedule in Resource Workbench, etc.

Scheduling Workbench Enhancements

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Work in Process
Other

Mobile Return of Assembly reserved to Sales Order

Reservation of Discrete Job as source of Supply through Inventory Reservation Form Reservation of Completed Serialized Assemblies through Inventory Reservation Form Combined Lot and Serial Genealogy Views Enhanced Lot/Serial Entry during Backflush

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Purchasing
Professional Buyers Work Center

HTML-based Workbench

View and act on Requisitions Create and manage orders/agreements Manage Supplier Information

Enhanced Requisition Management


Can consolidate requisitions from different orgs into one PO Several pre-configured views & search criteria, advanced search capability

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Purchasing
Multi-Org Access Control
Can access, process and report against any/all OUs from one responsibility (with Shared Services operating model) Can manage requisitions, enter into agreements, and create POs for multiple OUs

Document Publishing Enhancements

RTF and PDF layout templates for document creation and communication Communicate Document Attachments to Suppliers via e-mail (Word, Excel, PDF in addition to short/long text attachments)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Chargeable Subcontracting Support

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Cost
Matching Cost of Goods Sold to Revenue

Matches COGS of sales order line with billed revenue for period Synchronizes the recognition of revenue and COGS in accordance with GAAP Applies to RMAs, Drop Shipments, ATO/PTO, etc.

Accrual Reconciliation and Write-off Enhancements


Enhanced Load Program 3 New Accrual Reconciliation Reports Utilizes new BI Publisher technology

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Inventory
Item Master

Approximately 40 new Item Attributes Many due to OPM/Discrete merger Also due to E-Business Tax, EAM functionality

OPM Convergence

Dual Unit of Measure Advanced Lot Control Picking Rule Enhancements Enhanced Manual Material Allocations

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Inventory
Material Workbench Enhancements

Visibility to Inbound Intransit, Receiving, and On-Hand quantities Can now see POs, ASNs, and Internal Orders Allows drilldowns within each bucket Can save and re-use common inquiries

Genealogy Enhancements

Consolidated lot and serial inquiries Can tie component lot/serial info to parent assembly lot at WIP Issue no longer tied by WIP job Only lots issued to Work Order can be returned from Work Order

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Inventory
Material Status Control

Functionality previously only in WMS now in Inventory Can restrict access to items not passing inspection, warehouse locations with erroneous on-hand balances, etc.

New Material Aging Workflow

Allows proactive material handling procedures for date sensitive material

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Inventory
Indivisible Lots New Inventory Org Parameters

Labor Reporting, Locator Aliases, RFID tagging, Chargeable Subcontracting, Best Fit Quantity Allocation

Pick Release Parallelization

Enhanced Reservations supports reserving against expected supplies, specific serial numbers, etc.
Inventory Packing Slip Copy Organization Enhancements

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Shipping
Flexible Shipping Documents using BI Publisher

User-defined templates for key documents Includes Bill of Lading, Pick Slip, Pack Slip, Mailing Label, and Commercial Invoice

Parallel Pick Release Pick Release enhancements for WMS (Cross-docking)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Shipping
Can Ship without an order (Miscellaneous Ship Transactions)

Create delivery for shipment via XML, print shipping docs, issue out of inventory, etc.

Workflow-enabled Shipping Transactions

Can receive notifications of delivery backorders, issues during shipping process

Customer Acceptance/Deferred Revenue support Shipping Purge

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Warehouse Management (WMS)


Forward pick area replenishment

Tremendous productivity benefits to a warehouse in distribution activity Allows distribution center to reap the benefits of bulk procurement and optimized storage Lower inventory Pull / Push / Dynamic replenishment types

Mobile User Interface Personalization


Ability to record a material movement at the point of usage Flexibility to record data that is most relevant for the transaction Improved transaction execution speed Additional data recording on a mobile transaction form using flex fields Improve transaction accuracy by defaulting a value in field using a user defined logic

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Warehouse Management (WMS)


Extensibility Enhancements

Extension of WMS task functionality for customer or industry specific needs Task assignment to a warehouse operator based on a customer specific logic An extension that supplements the warehouse control system layer to allow the warehouse automation system

Dock Scheduling and Load Sequencing

Release of shipments for pick execution based on dock door schedule

Sequencing of drops in the staging area for a multi-stop shipping itinerary Sequencing of tasks for picking when a multi-stop shipping itinerary is being used

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Warehouse Management (WMS)


LPN Status

Hold individual pallets, cases or totes without impacting the rest of the lot or the batch Place holds on material that is neither lot nor serial controlled without moving that material Separate the physical movement of material and changes to the material status into different responsibilities

Over-Allocation Using WMS Rules

Useful to pick items that are difficult to fulfill in exact order quantity WMS rules can be configured to over allocate containers Minimal material handling without entering any pick exception codes

UCC-128 and Case Picking Enhancements

Manage varied compliance needs of customers Support for efficient Case Picking Printing of sequential carton count on label
For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Manufacturing

Common Inventory Item Master convergence


OPM users can now use following EBS modules

Oracle Discrete Inventory Oracle WMS

Item Master convergence enables following Discrete Inventory key functionalities for OPM users

VMI Consigned Inventory Reservations Move Order Requisitions Kanban Min-Max Replenishment Physical Inventory Cycle counting

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Common Inventory Item Master convergence


Following features have been added to Discrete Inventory to enable convergence

Dual Unit of Measurement control for any item Advanced Lot control Material status Enhanced Inventory allocation rules

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Manufacturing Planning


OPM MRP will not be brought forward and all planning with OPM will utilize Oracles Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) in an unconstrained manner with enhancements to use Oracle Inventory. Integration of Production Batches with ASCP Integration of Recipes with ASCP

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What does this all mean to you?

What Does All This Mean For You?


R12 Offers Streamlined, More Productive User Interface Oracles acquisitions make it easier to integrate Demand Management and Transportation Management into EBS Much easier to access, process, and report across organizations and OUs

Easier to Centralize Operations (e.g. Order Management and Purchasing)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Doing business in Asia-Pacific region?

R12 now supports Chargeable Subcontracting R12 now converges OPM and Discrete in Inventory

Doing both Process & Discrete Manufacturing?

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Better Order Management Productivity

R12 Productivity improvements (Mass Scheduling, Header Attribute Cascading, Credit Card Security Code, etc.) Distribution-oriented companies can now create DRP Plans that better allocate supply across a distribution network

Better Distribution Planning

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Have Volatile Demand? Heavy Promotion? Distribution-intensive?

Even if dont have EBS, Demantra could be good option to manage demand, do S&OP planning, and/or manage trade promotions

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Need better tracking, productivity on shop floor?

MES enables mass transaction execution MES allows on-line visibility to holds, shortages, rejects, prioritizing/expediting, etc. MES can provide on-line visibility to work instructions, requirements, etc.

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Much Better Purchasing Productivity
Buyers Work Center streamlines process Visibility to line, deliveries, distributions on one page

New Supplier Setup/Update screens More personalizations on screens Multi-org Access Control Document Publishing Enhancements

Auto-Approval Tolerance for Change Orders

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Better Cost Productivity

Synchronized recognition of revenue and COGS less Journal Entries!

Better Inventory Management

Visibility to Intransit, Receiving, On-hand quantities Proactive process for material aging Pick Release Parallelization faster picking Inventory Packing Slip automating and controlling internal inventory movement

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


More Shipping Flexibility

Configurable workflow can drive notifications of backorders, issues, etc. BI Publisher-based Pick/Pack Slips, Bill of Lading, Mailing Label, Comm. Invoice Customer Acceptance/Deferred Revenue support Miscellaneous Shipments - Can now ship without an order!

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

What Does All This Mean For You?


Utilize enhanced value chain planning features and products with R12.1 Planning server

11.5.10 ERP

12.1 Planning server Standard collection process

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Product Development
Recipe management meets industry standards, including S88.03.

Formulas and routings can be fine-tuned using graphical manipulation, formula analysis and simulation/optimization tools. Workflow and status control allow you to track and control each step of the product lifecycle

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Product Development
Least cost formulation provides guidance on the optimal formula based on cost and available inventory Product Development integrates with Process Execution, Process Costing and Advanced Supply Chain Planning to give you a complete recipe and product management solution.

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Product Development
Formula Security Validity Rules

Recipe Overrides Item Substitution lists associated with the Item Master Effective Formulas One to One Substitutions Using Substitute Items with Planning Least Cost Formulation

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Quality
Enhanced Receiving Inspection Copying Quality Specifications

Corrective Action Request and Tracking

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Regulatory Management
Track the distribution of Safety Documents Dispatch History

OPM Data available for export Item Property Data Document Rebuild Required Workflow Regulatory Document Printing

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Regulatory Management
Sales Order Document Required API Regulatory Document Portal

Territory Profiles form 3rd Party Data Change Workflow Third Party Integration Points

Atrion The Wercs

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Execution
Enhanced to use Oracle Inventory.

A multi-segment item number is supported

Leverages Oracle Warehouse Management System functions. The item revision capability in Oracle Inventory is extended to items in Process-enabled inventory organizations when establishing setup data and performing inventory transactions. Reservation Enhancement

Automatic creation of detailed reservation using FIFO/FEFO logic Manual Entry of detailed reservations Reservations from additional sources of supply like Purchase order

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Execution
Log Genealogy form has been enhanced Move orders supported for material movement on shop floor. Oracle MSCA (Mobile applications) can now be used for many batch activities.

Process Execution supports use of Oracle WMS


Use Move orders in WMS Picking & Put away rules LPN creation and transaction

Rescheduling of scaled batch is supported now

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Operations (New Product MES capabilities) Following features have been added to enable true MES capabilities

Batch Journal

The Batch Journal is instantiated with all the details of the batch such as Recipe details, Process Instructions, SOPs, and quality sampling plans A deferred Electronic Signature event is created for the approval of the Batch Journal. This is the equivalent of the Master Batch Record approval.

Dispensing and Preweigh Label Management Deviation Management

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Process Operations (New Product MES capabilities)

Simplified Production Reporting

Improved Processing Instruction and SOP Visibility Operator Certification (Per 21 CFR Parts 211.25 and 820.25) Simplified Electronic Signatures / Initialing

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

OPM Financials & Costing


Maintain Process and Discrete Costing Applications Costing of Transfers Between Discrete and Process Inventory Organizations

Subledger Accounting replaces MAC

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

OPM Order Management Integration


OPM Order Management users can leverage the following key enhancements that have come forth as a result of common Process and Discrete inventory model Enhanced reservation process Enhanced Picking & Shipping Pricing with secondary unit of measurement

Move Orders enhanced to display Available Inventory Automatic creation of a batch for a sales order line ( support for Make to Order)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

OPM Purchasing Integration ( modified & enhanced)

Process Manufacturers can implement Advanced Pricing and/or Oracle Transportation to automatically compute the acquisition costs for a receipt. Vendor-Managed and Consigned Inventory available to OPM users now Enhanced Receiving inspection ( Use of both Oracle Quality and OPM quality modules)

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

Oracle E-Records
Support for 21 CFR Part 11, including strong security, audit trails, archiving, operational system checks built into GxP-critical business flows and electronic signatures Enable Electronic Recordkeeping for SSWA Applications Electronic Recordkeeping for Mobile Transaction Framework

For education purposes only. Please do not redistribute externally.

You might also like