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Even and Odd Functions A Function, F, Is Even (Or Symmetric) When F (X) F ( X) - A Function, F, Is Odd (Or Antisymmetric) When F (X) F ( X)

1) Any function can be written as the sum of an even part and an odd part. The even part is even and the odd part is odd. 2) The Fourier transform of a real even function is real and even. The Fourier transform of a real odd function is imaginary and odd. 3) For a real function, its Fourier transform can be written as the sum of the Fourier transform of the even part and the Fourier transform of the odd part, both of which exhibit certain symmetry properties.

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55 views12 pages

Even and Odd Functions A Function, F, Is Even (Or Symmetric) When F (X) F ( X) - A Function, F, Is Odd (Or Antisymmetric) When F (X) F ( X)

1) Any function can be written as the sum of an even part and an odd part. The even part is even and the odd part is odd. 2) The Fourier transform of a real even function is real and even. The Fourier transform of a real odd function is imaginary and odd. 3) For a real function, its Fourier transform can be written as the sum of the Fourier transform of the even part and the Fourier transform of the odd part, both of which exhibit certain symmetry properties.

Uploaded by

Zia Azam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Even and Odd Functions A function, f , is even (or symmetric) when f (x) = f (x).

A function, f , is odd (or antisymmetric) when f (x) = f (x).

Even and Odd Functions (contd.) Theorem 5.1 Any function can be written as a sum of even and odd functions.
0

1 f (t ) = f (t ) + f (t ) f (t ) + f (t ) 2 1 1 = [ f (t ) + f (t )] + [ f (t ) f (t )] 2 2
fe fo

fe is even because fe(t ) = fe(t ): fe(t ) = f (t ) + f (t ) = f (t ) + f (t ) = fe(t ). fo is odd because fo(t ) = fo(t ): fo(t ) = f (t ) f (t ) = [ f (t ) f (t )] = fo(t ).

Even and Odd Functions (contd.) Theorem 5.2 The integral of the product of odd and even functions is zero.
Z Z
0

fe(x) fo(x)dx =
Z

fe(x) fo(x)dx +
0

fe(x) fo(x)dx.

Substituting x for x and dx for dx in the rst term yields:


Z
0

fe(x) fo(x)dx +
Z

Z
0

fe(x) fo(x)dx
Z
0

=
Z0

fe(x) fo(x)dx +

fe(x) fo(x)dx

=
0

[ fe(x) fo(x) + fe(x) fo(x)] dx.

Substituting fe(x) for fe(x) and fo(x) for fo(x) yields:


Z
0

[ fe(x) fo(x) fe(x) fo(x)] dx.


0

Fourier Transform Symmetry The Fourier transform of f (t ) is dened to be:


Z

F (s) =

f (t )e j2st dt .
Z

This can be rewritten as follows:


Z

F (s) =

f (t ) cos(2st )dt j

f (t ) sin(2st )dt .

Substituting fe(t ) + fo(t ) for f (t ) yields:


Z

F (s) =

fe(t ) cos(2st )dt +


Z

fo(t ) cos(2st )dt

fe(t ) sin(2st )dt j

fo(t ) sin(2st )dt .

Fourier Transform Symmetry (contd.) However, the second and third terms are zero (Theorem 5.2):
Z

F (s) =

fe(t ) cos(2st )dt j

fo(t ) sin(2st )dt .

It follows that: F (s) = Fe(s) + Fo(s).

Even Functions Theorem 5.3 The Fourier transform of a real even function is real.
Z

F (s) =
Z

f (t )e j2st dt f (t ) [cos(2st ) j sin(2st )] dt f (t ) cos(2st )dt

=
Z

which is real.

Odd Functions Theorem 5.4 The Fourier transform of a real odd function is imaginary.
Z

F (s) =
Z

f (t )e j2st dt f (t ) [cos(2st ) j sin(2st )] dt f (t ) sin(2st )dt

= = j

which is imaginary.

Even Functions (contd.) Theorem 5.5 The Fourier transform of an even function is even.
Z

F (s) =
t =

f (t )e j2st dt

Substituting f (t ) for f (t ) yields:


Z

F (s) =
t = u=

f (t )e j2st dt .

Substituting u for t and du for dt yields:


Z

=
Zu=

f (u)e j2s(u)du

f (u)e j2(s)udu

= F (s).

Odd Functions (contd.) Theorem 5.6 The Fourier transform of an odd function is odd.
Z

F (s) =
t =

f (t )e j2st dt

Substituting f (t ) for f (t ) yields:


Z

F (s) =
t = u=

f (t )e j2st dt .

Substituting u for t and du for dt yields:


Z

=
Zu=

f (u)e j2s(u)du

f (u)e j2(s)udu

= F (s).

Fourier Transform Symmetry (contd.) The Fourier transform of the even part (of a real function) is real (Theorem 5.3):

F { fe}(s) = Fe(s) = Re(Fe(s)).


The Fourier transform of the even part is even (Theorem 5.5):

F { fe}(s) = Fe(s) = Fe(s).


The Fourier transform of the odd part (of a real function) is imaginary (Theorem 5.4):

F { fo}(s) = Fo(s) = Im(Fo(s)).


The Fourier transform of the odd part is odd (Theorem 5.6):

F { fo}(s) = Fo(s) = Fo(s).

Hermitian Symmetry We can summarize all four symmetries possessed by the Fourier transform of a real function as follows: F (s) = = = = Fe(s) + Fo(s) Fe(s) Fo(s) Fe(s) + Fo(s) F (s).

Hermitian Symmetry (contd.) This symmetry matches the symmetry of the functions which comprise the Fourier basis: e j2st = e j2s(t ).

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