THE IODINE CLOCK REACTION (EXPERIMENT 18B)
Purpose: 1. to observe and record the effect of changing the concentration of a reactant on the rate of a reaction 2. to observe and record the effect of changing the temperature of a system on the rate of a reaction 3. to observe and record the effect of the nature of the reactants on the rate of a reaction 4. to observe and record the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction Procedure: As per lab handout Experiment 18B Data: Part 1: Concentration Reaction Rate vs. [KIO3] Test tube # 1 Vol. KIO3 (mL) Vol. H2O (mL) Test tube # 2 Vol. NaHSO3 (mL) Final Group data: Class average: [KIO3] (M) Reaction time (s) Rate (s-1) Reaction time (s) Rate (s-1) 10.0 0.0 10.0 0.010 5.3 0.19 11.4 0.088 8.0 2.0 10.0 0.0080 6.1 0.16 12.5 0.080 6.0 4.0 10.0 0.0060 9.3 0.11 16.5 0.061 4.0 6.0 10.0 0.0040 15.9 0.063 25.0 0.040 2.0 8.0 10.0 0.0020 No reaction 0 48.4 0.021
Part 2: Temperature Reaction Rate vs. Temperature Temperature (oC) Reaction time (s) Group data Reaction rate (s-1) Rate factor Reaction time (s) Class average Reaction rate (s-1) Rate factor 21.0 0.0476 15 NR 0 25 NR 0 0 17.8 0.0562 1.18 35 NR 0 0 15.9 0.0629 1.12 45 NR 0 0 12.9 0.0775 1.23
Part 3: Nature of the Reactants Reaction Rate vs. Nature of Reactants Reaction Fe2+ + MnO4- + H+ C2O42- + MnO4- + H+ Part 4: Catalyst Temperature and Catalyst vs. Reaction Rate Room temperature Reaction time (s) Without catalyst With Mn2+ as catalyst Rate factor Follow-Up Questions: 1. Autocatalysis is a term used to describe a chemical reaction in which one of the products acts as a catalyst for the reaction. This applies to the reaction in Part 4 because one of the products is MnSO4 (formed by the SO4 in H2SO4 and Mn in KMnO4), which is also the catalyst added to speed up the reaction. 2. Another combination of chemicals that gives a reaction where iodine is formed after a certain time lapse is potassium iodide (KI) and sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3), with added soluble starch to produce the blue colour when the reaction has taken place. 3. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions increase with increasing temperature because of the principle stated in the collision theory: that with increasing temperature comes increasing kinetic energy, which leads to more frequent and stronger collisions and therefore increasing reaction rates. However, this is only true up to about 37oC because enzymes are proteins, and are denatured at higher temperatures. Enzymes work because they have an active site shaped in such a way so that substrate molecules can bind to it, but when temperature exceeds a certain range, in this case just over 37oC, the active site of the enzyme changes shape and can no longer bind to the substrate or speed up the reaction. Conclusion: 562 147 Reaction Rate (s-1) 0.00178 0.00680 3.82 Reaction time (s) 25 12 50oC Reaction Rate (s-1) 0.040 0.083 2.1 Rate factor 22 12 Time of reaction (s) 11.2 680.1 Reaction Rate (s-1) 0.0893 0.001470
In this lab, we have explored the effects of substrate concentration, temperature and presence of a catalyst on the rate of a chemical reaction. Our results support the hypotheses that increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of reaction, as does increasing the temperature. An interesting conclusion can be drawn from the addition of a catalyst and its effect on rate of reaction: though a catalyst increases the rate of reaction at any temperature, it does this at a greater scale to reactions at lower temperatures than higher ones.
