Be i ng a BA

Techn i ca l Exce l l e nce

Jan 29, 2013

An Introduction to Use Cases and Activity Changing the way organizations change. Diagrams

Q&A with Tom Karasmanis

Changing Change.
Develop the Professional. Develop the Profession.
International Institute of Business Analysis

Tom Karasmanis

IIBA Product Manager & Host

Being a BA: Technical Excellence
To m K a r a s m a n i s i s a S e n i o r C o n s u l t a n t w i t h o v e r 2 5 y e a r s ' e x p e r i e n c e i n I T, i n c l u d i n g r o l e s a s a B u s i n e s s A r c h i t e c t , B u s i n e s s / S y s t e m s A n a l y s t , P r o j e c t L e a d e r, Te c h n i c a l A r c h i t e c t , a n d S o f t w a r e E n g i n e e r. H e h a s w o r k e d i n p u b l i s h i n g , h e a l t h c a r e , p u b l i c s e c t o r, b a n k i n g , f i n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s , i n s u r a n c e , s u p p l y c h a i n , telecommunications, and retail. To m s e r v e d a s t h e C h i e f A r c h i t e c t o f t h e I I B A f r o m 2 0 0 9 t o 2 0 11 . H e i s n o w P r o d u c t M a n a g e r & H o s t o f t w o I I B A w e b i n a r s : Ve n d o r S h o w c a s e a n d B e i n g a B A : Te c h n i c a l E x c e l l e n c e . To m i s a m a n a g e m e n t consultant in enterprise business analysis and business architecture, and assists organizations to build their BA practices. He speaks regularly at international conferences. To m h o l d s a B a c h e l o r o f A p p l i e d S c i e n c e i n C h e m i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f To r o n t o a n d l i v e s i n To r o n t o , C a n a d a .
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How to Participate

Ask Questions!
Use the Question box Questions can be for a wide range of topics, from use cases to requirements to managing stakeholders to modeling Short questions please If the answer is too deep for this show, check the forum
Download this presentation and leave comments at

http://community.IIBA.org/TechnicalExcellence
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Agenda
Use Cases & Scenarios The UML Use Case Diagram Sample Use Case: Rent Out Video The UML Activity Diagrams

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W h e r e to b e g i n a n d fr a n k l y w h y b o th e r?

USE CASES & SCENARIOS

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Main Points
Scenarios Use Cases Why Use Cases?

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Scenarios

Definition
A sequence of steps (event flow) describing the interaction between one or more actors and the system in order to achieve a goal that yields a result of value to one or more stakeholders

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Scenarios

Mandatory Parts
Name (unique) Actor Goal Trigger Event(s) Flow of Events

Recommended Parts
Brief Description Pre-conditions Post-conditions

Optional Parts
Other Requirements Notes
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Use Cases

Definition
A collection of scenarios (one or more) A collection of sequences of steps (event flows) describing the interaction between one or more actors and the system in order to achieve a goal that yields a result of value to one or more stakeholders
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Use Cases

Mandatory Parts

Name Actor Brief Description Goal Pre-conditions Trigger Event(s) Post-conditions Flows of Events Optional Parts Basic, Alternative Other Requirements Notes

Recommended Parts

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Why Use Cases?

Scope
Nicely defines scope at a high level

Stakeholder Coverage
Actors map to stakeholders and use cases are their goals

Requirements Coverage
Are all business objectives met in requirements (solution components)?
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Why Use Cases?

Reduces Complexity
Focuses on user functions / services

Early user validation

Easier and faster to develop than functional requirements

Work well with wireframes

Focus on user interaction means they pair nicely with wireframe / UI development
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Why Use Cases?

Functional Test Coverage
Functional test cases trace to use cases

Use for documentation

User guides

Traceability
Good focal point for traceability between stakeholder requests and detailed requirements and business rules
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Why Use Cases?

Basis for estimation
Use case points

Iterative Development
Used to drive scope of each iterations

Process tie-in for OOD

When defining GUI and Classes in OOD, difficult to see how it fits together flow
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Be h a vi o u ral M o d e l i n g

THE UML USE CASE DIAGRAM

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Main Points
Key Elements Actors Use Cases Subject Samples

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UML Use Case Diagram

Key Elements
Actor, Actor Name Use Case, Use Case Name Actor-Use Case Communication Subject, Subject Name, Subject Boundary

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UML Use Case Diagram

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UML Use Case Diagram

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UML Use Case Diagram

Residential Customer

Request Meter Reading

Commercial Customer

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UML Use Case Diagram

Customer

Request Met er Reading

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UML Use Case Diagram (Actors)

Customer

Residential Customer

Commercial Customer

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R e n t O u t Vi d e o

SAMPLE USE CASE

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Main Points
Sample Text Sample Use Case Diagram Basic Flow Alternate Flows

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Use Case Diagram

In scope Out of scope

In scope

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Goal
To rent out Customer videos

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Brief Description
The Cashier identifies the Customer to the system as a Member, then enters each videos unique identifier. Once the videos have all been entered, the Cashier totals the sale and enters the Customers payment information. The system prints the receipt and rental agreement for the Customer to sign.28
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Use Case Rent Out Video

Scenarios
Member rents video by cash Member rents video by debit card Customer is not a member Video is not in system Cashier cancels sale

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Scenarios (Grouped)
Member rents video by cash Member rents video by debit card Video not rented
Customer is not a member Video is not in system Cashier cancels sale

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Use Case - Diagram

Primary Actor Use case

In scope
Secondary Actor

In scope Out of scope

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Preconditions
The Cashier is signed in to the system.

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Post-conditions
The sale is completed and for each entered video, it is marked as out, payment has been received for the standard rental period, and inventory has been adjusted. No sale is recorded, no videos are marked as out, no payment is received, and no inventory 33 adjustments have been made.
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Use Case Rent Out Video

Basic Flow 1 . The use case begins when the Cashier starts a new sale. 2 . The Cashier identifies the Customer to the system. Repeat steps 3-4 for each video to be scanned. 3 . The Cashier enters the video identification number. 4 . The system validates the video identification number, retrieves and presents the video title, standard rental period, and rental rate, then refreshes the subtotal. 5 . Once all videos have been entered, the Cashier totals the sale.
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Use Case Rent Out Video

Basic Flow (continued)

The system adds all taxes and prompts for payment. 7 . The Cashier enters the amount of cash received from the Customer. 8 . The system calculates and presents the change due to the Customer. 9 . The system updates the inventory system to indicate the videos are out, and prints the Customer s receipt. 1 0 . The use case ends when the system prints the Customer s receipt.
6.
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Use Case Rent Out Video

Alternative Flows A . In step 2 the system determines that the Customer is not a member. 1. The system presents an appropriate error message to the Cashier. 2. The use case terminates with no sale completed. B . In step 3 the system does not recognize the video identification number. 1. The system presents an appropriate error message to the Cashier. 2. The use case continues with step 3.

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Alternative Flows C . In step 7, the Customer pays by Debit Card. 1. The Cashier indicates to the system that this is a debit sale. 2. The system activates the debit device, displays the total, and prompts for confirmation. 3. The Customer confirms the total and selects the source account (chequing, savings). 4. The Customer authorizes the payment. 5. The system validates all payment information and obtains authorization from the Electronic Payment Server . 6. The use case continues with step 9.
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Use Case Revised Diagram

In scope
Newly discovered

In scope Out of scope

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Alternative Flows D . In step 8, the system calculates that the amount of cash tendered is not sufficient to cover the sale. 1. The system presents an appropriate error message to the Cashier indicating the amount still owing from the Customer. 2. The use case continues with step 7.

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Use Case Rent Out Video

Alternative Flows E . At any point between steps 2 and 8, the Cashier cancels the sale. 1. The system prompts for confirmation. 2. The Cashier confirms the cancellation. 3. The use case terminates. F . At any point after the sale begins and before the system updates inventory, the Cashier cancels the sale. The is the same as Alternate Flow E, just worded in a more casual way. If this is clearer to the stakeholders and audience of the use case, then use this format.
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Z u m b a Wo r kfl o w M o d e l i n g

THE UML ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

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Main Points
Key Elements Activities Decisions Partitions Rent Out Video Examples

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UML Activity Diagram

Key Elements
Activity Node (Activity), Start, End Decision (Branch), Merge (Unbranch) Transition, Guard Condition Synchronization Bar, Fork, Join Concurrent / Alternative Threads Partition, Swim Lane Object Flow Accept Event Action, Send Signal Action, Accept Time Event Action
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UML Activity Diagram

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UML Activity Diagram

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UML Activity Diagram

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Activity Diagram
sd Dynamic View New Sale [Yes] Identify Customer Enter Video ID Update Sales [No] More Videos? Update Subtotals

Calculate and Add Taxes

Enter Cash Receiv ed

Calculate and Present Change Due Customer

Update Inv entory

Print Customer Receipt

Sale Completed

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Activity Diagram
act With Partitions New Sale Cashier [Yes] Identify Customer Enter Video ID More Videos? Enter Cash Receiv ed

[No] Calculate and Present Change Due Customer

Update Sales System

Update Subtotals

Calculate and Add Taxes

Update Inv entory

Print Customer Receipt

Sale Completed

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Activity Diagram
act With Alt Flow s New Sale Enter Video ID Update Subtotals [Yes] [No] Thanks & Goodbye No Sale More Videos? Identify Customer

Cashier

[Member] System Validate Video ID [No Video] [Not a Member] Update Sales [Video Found]

Validate Membership

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IIBA.org/Webinar

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How to Participate

Ask Questions!
Use the Question box Questions can be for a wide range of topics, from use cases to requirements to managing stakeholders to modeling Short questions please If the answer is too deep for this show, check the forum Download this presentation and leave comments at
http://community.IIBA.org/TechnicalExcellence
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C o m m u ni ty.IIBA.org | IIBA.o r g | i n fo @ IIBA.org

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Tom Karasmanis

IIBA Product Manager, Vendor Showcase Webinar

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IIBA Product Manager, Technical Excellence Webinar

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http://community.IIBA.org/TechnicalExcellence
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[email protected]
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@t0mkar

If you have questions, concerns or comments about this webinar, please contact [email protected].
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