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Mws Mec Ode TXT Runge4th Examples PDF

The document describes solving a differential equation using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to determine the temperature of a steel shaft over time as it cools in a refrigerated chamber. It provides an example calculation, starting with the differential equation that models the temperature change. It then shows the application of the Runge-Kutta method through 4 steps to calculate successive temperatures at intervals of 43200 seconds, arriving at a final temperature of approximately -9.3474 x 105 °C after 86400 seconds.

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185 views6 pages

Mws Mec Ode TXT Runge4th Examples PDF

The document describes solving a differential equation using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to determine the temperature of a steel shaft over time as it cools in a refrigerated chamber. It provides an example calculation, starting with the differential equation that models the temperature change. It then shows the application of the Runge-Kutta method through 4 steps to calculate successive temperatures at intervals of 43200 seconds, arriving at a final temperature of approximately -9.3474 x 105 °C after 86400 seconds.

Uploaded by

eliasdu07
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 6

Chapter 08.

04
Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method for
Differential Equations-More Examples
Mechanical Engineering

Ordinary

Example 1
A solid steel shaft at room temperature of 27 o C is needed to be contracted so that it can be
shrunk-fit into a hollow hub. It is placed in a refrigerated chamber that is maintained at
33 o C . The rate of change of temperature of the solid shaft is given by
3 .69 10 6 4 2 .33 10 5 3 1.35 10 3 2
d
33
5 .33 10 6

dt
5 .42 10 2 5 .588

0 27 C
Using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method, find the temperature of the steel shaft after 86400
seconds. Take a step size of h 43200 seconds.
Solution
3 .69 10 6 4 2 .33 10 5 3 1.35 10 3 2
d
5 .33 10 6
dt
5 .42 10 2 5 .588

33

6
4
5
3
3

2 .33 10 1.35 10 2
6 3 .69 10

33
f t, 5 .33 10
2

5
.
42

10

5
.
588

1
k1 2k 2 2k 3 k 4 h
6
For i 0 , t 0 0 , 0 27
k1 f t 0 , 0
f 0,27

i 1 i

4
3
6
5

6 3.69 10 27 2.33 10 27

27 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 27 2 5.42 10 2 27 5.588

0.0020893
1
1

k 2 f t 0 h, 0 k1 h
2
2

1
1

f 0 43200 , 27 0.002089343200
2
2

08.04.1

08.04.2

Chapter 08.04
f 21600, 18.129
6

18.1294 2.33 10 5 18.1293


6 3.69 10

18.129 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 18.129 2 5.42 10 2 18.129 5.588

0.00035761
1
1

k 3 f t 0 h, 0 k 2 h
2
2

1
1

f 0 43200,27 0.0003576143200
2
2

f 21600, 19.276

4
3
6
5

6 3.69 10 19.276 2.33 10 19.276

19.276 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 19.276 2 5.42 10 2 19.276 5.588

0.0018924
k 4 f t 0 h , 0 k 3 h
f 0 43200 , 27 0.0018924 43200
f 43200 , 54.751
6

54.7514 2.33 10 5 54.7513


6 3.69 10

54.751 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 54.7512 5.42 10 2 54.751 5.588

0.0035147
1
1 0 ( k1 2 k 2 2 k 3 k 4 ) h
6
1
27 0.0020893 2 0.00035761 2 0.0018924 0.0035147 43200
6
1
27 0.010104 43200
6
45.749 C
1 is the approximate temperature at
t t1 t 0 h 0 43200 43200 s

43200 1 45.749 C
For i 1, t1 43200, 1 45.749
k1 f t1 , 1
f 43200,45.749

45.749 4 2.33 10 5 45.749 3


6 3.69 10

45.749 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 45.749 2 5.42 10 2 45.749 5.588

0.00084673

Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method for ODE-More Examples: Mechanical Engineering 08.04.3
1
1

k 2 f t1 h, 1 k1 h
2
2

1
1

f 43200 43200,45.749 0.0008467343200


2
2

f 64800,64.038
6

64.0384 2.33 10 5 64.0383


6 3.69 10

64.038 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 64.0382 5.42 10 2 64.038 5.588

0.010012

1
1

k 3 f t1 h, 1 k 2 h
2
2

1
1

f 43200 43200,45.749 0.01001243200


2
2

f 64800,262.01
6

262.014 2.33 10 5 262.013


6 3.69 10

262.01 33
5.33 10
1.35 10 3 262.012 5.42 10 2 262.01 5.588

21.636

k 4 f t1 h,1 k 3 h
f 43200 43200,45.749 21.636 43200
f 86400 , 9.3474 10 5

3.69 10 6 9.4374 10 5 4 2.33 10 5 9.4374 10 5

6
5.33 10 1.35 10 3 9.4374 10 5

5.42 10 2 9.4374 10 5 5.588

1.4035 1019
1
6

2 1 ( k1 2 k 2 2 k 3 k 4 ) h
1 0.00084673 2 0.010012
45.749
6 2 21.636 1.4035 1019

43200

9.4374 10 5 33

08.04.4

Chapter 08.04

1.4035 1019 43200


6
1.0105 10 23 C
2 is the approximate temperature at
t t 2 t1 h 43200 43200 86400 s
86400 2 1.0105 10 23 C
45.749

The solution to this nonlinear equation at t 86400 s is


(86400) 26.099 C
Figure 1 compares the exact solution with the numerical solution using Runge-Kutta 4th order
method using different step sizes.

Figure 1 Comparison of Runge-Kutta 4th order method with exact solution for
different step sizes.

Table 1 and Figure 2 shows the effect of step size on the value of the calculated temperature
at t 86400 s .

Runge-Kutta 4th Order Method for ODE-More Examples: Mechanical Engineering 08.04.5
Table 1 Value of temperature at 86400 seconds for different step sizes.

Step size, h
86400
43200
21600
10800
5400

86400

|t | %

Et

5.3468 10
1.0105 10 23
26.061
26.094
26.097

28

5.3468 10
1.0205 10 23
0.038680
0.0050630
0.0015763

28

2.0487 10 29
3.8718 10 23
0.14820
0.019400
0.0060402

Figure 2 Effect of step size in Runge-Kutta 4th order method.

In Figure 3, we are comparing the exact results with Eulers method (Runge-Kutta 1st order
method), Heuns method (Runge-Kutta 2nd order method) and Runge-Kutta 4th order method.

08.04.6

Chapter 08.04

Figure 3 Comparison of Runge-Kutta methods of 1st, 2nd, and 4th order.

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