Wet Scrubber Application Guide: Impingement Plate Scrubbers Venturi Scrubbers Eductor Venturi Scrubbers
Wet Scrubber Application Guide: Impingement Plate Scrubbers Venturi Scrubbers Eductor Venturi Scrubbers
Wet Scrubber Application Guide: Impingement Plate Scrubbers Venturi Scrubbers Eductor Venturi Scrubbers
Impinjet Scrubber
500 450
350
.40 .35 .30 .25 .20 .15 .10 .05 .40 .45
750
250 225
.50
.55
.80
.85
20' P VENTURI
EXPECTED EFFICIENCY %
95
A 2ST
GE IM
PINJ
1S
TAG
ET ET PINJ E IM
90
125 150
200 175
Operating Principles
The gas passes up through the openings in the perforated plates (trays) which hold a bed of liquid. The secret is in the scrubbers design which uses an impingement baffle above each individual hole. The tiny droplets, created by the wetted baffles, are the heart of the collection process. Gas velocities of 60 to 75 feet/second through the holes result in thousands of jets which atomize the liquid into droplets on the order of 100 microns in diameter to clean the contaminated gas. This entraps the particles in the scrubbing liquid. Each jet aspirates liquid from the blanket of scrubbing fluid and results in a wetted target surface on the baffle which is located just above the point of maximum velocity (vena contracta). In operation, the scrubber is highly pluggage-resistant. The continuous violent agitation of the blanket of scrubbing fluid prevents settling of particles and flushes them away.
Benefits
1.) High absorption efficiency for gases and vapors. Experts agree that plate towers have the ability to remove gaseous pollutants to any desired concentration if a sufficient number of plates are used. This means high mass transfer rates can be achieved. 2.) 98+% collection efficiency for particles 5 microns in size or larger. 3.) These high efficiencies are achieved at a low pressure drop.
Venturi Effect results in turbulent interaction of liquid and particulate-laden gas flowing through perforated plate and striking the wetted impingement baffle grid. (Each hole has an individual impingement surface.) Minute liquid droplets are formed which entrap suspended matter in gas. Particulate carrying droplets mix with water flowing across baffles for ultimate disposal through the drain. Cleaned gas passes through the mist eliminator for return to process or atmosphere.
1.) Scrubber Outlet 2.) Fixed Blade Mist Eliminator - assures droplet-free air to process or atmosphere. 3.) Impingement Baffle Plates create interaction of gas stream and liquid. Additional plates (trays, stages) provide increased efficiency. 4.) Plate Discharge and Seal Drain - directs slurry to bottom of scrubber for removal. Non-clogging seal prevents short circuiting of gas. 5.) Liquid Supply and Weir (dam) - adjustable weir provides uniform liquid flow to plates. 6.) Spray Section - for cooling and entrapment of larger particles. Spray washes under side of plate and walls to prevent material build-up. Sprays are non-clogging. 7.) Gas Inlet
Benefits
This Sly scrubbing system brings together virtually all the features you should insist upon for your application: 1.) Simple, easily adjustable throat permits setting pressure for maximum efficiency. Can be fine-tuned to application while scrubber is running. Throat damper blades are readily replaceable. 2.) Variable-spin damper in separator maintains proper velocity for collection of fine droplets. 3.) Flooded elbow provides a wetted surface for collection of large agglomerated liquid droplets. Also serves as a barrier to eliminate equipment wear. Drains directly into separator sump. 4.) Removable scrubbing liquid piping - no nozzles to wear or plug. 5.) Access door permits inspection of flooded elbow and spin damper. 6.) Simple open design has low potential for buildup and pluggage. 7.) Temperature and corrosion resistant construction is available. 8.) Can employ a high concentration slurry as scrubbing liquid.
Operating Principles
The incoming gas is accelerated to a high velocity at the scrubber s throat where it comes into contact with the scrubbing liquid. The liquid is atomized into fine droplets which entrap the particulate with high collection efficiency. Downstream from the throat, the cleaned gas decelerates and the particulate-laden droplets collide and agglomerate. The large, heavy, agglomerated droplets are driven into the flooded elbow for easy disposal. Droplets too small for collection at the flooded elbow are collected in the separator to complete the cleaning operation. Pressure drop across the venturi throat is a measure of the energy needed to atomize the scrubbing liquid and to perform the cleaning operation. The higher the pressure drop, the higher the collection efficiency. The Sly Venturi offers the most efficient design for putting pressure drop to work. Its adjustable throat feature optimizes scrubbing efficiency by maintaining just the right pressure drop. This, combined with the units energy regain section, significantly reduces power consumption and operating costs.
See data sheet for technical details.
Often a hot gas stream has a valuable particulate to be recovered. Silver is recovered from film incineration using this Venturi scrubber.
Adjustable Throat Simple, easily-adjusted throat optimizes efficiency. Operates manuallyautomatic control is offered as an optional extra.
Removable piping distributes water without using nozzles. Separator collects ultrafine droplets too small for impingement collection in flooded elbow. Tangential outlet minimizes pressure drop.
Throat adjustment.
High relative velocity maximizes capture of gas stream pollutants. Shielded water inlet prevents reentrainment of liquid in gas stream.
Flooded elbow collects agglomerated, particle carrying droplets and functions as an abrasion deterrent. Access door permits inspection of flooded elbow, shielded inlet and variable spin damper. Damper in fully open position. Variable Spin Damper is manually adjusted to control spin velocity. Proper adjustment maintains the spin velocity necessary to efficiently collect entrained liquid droplets.
Gas Scrubber Removes Hazardous Vapors An Impinjet gas scrubber has been employed by a major producer of industrial chemicals to remove hazardous (noxious) vapors. The scrubber vents both bottle filling and dry bulk filling areas at the company, which produces hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acid as well as formaldehyde and ammonia. The system handles 2,500 CFM. Efficiencies exceeding 95% are reported. The high efficiency of the scrubbing system is due to the unique design of the impingement baffle plates, which cause the contaminated air to mix intimately with the scrubbing solution.
Scrubber Cleans and Absorbs Acid Gases and Particulate From Medical Waste Incinerator An Impinjet wet gas scrubber is used by this company to clean exhaust gases from its medical waste incinerator. 7258 CFM of gas at 982 F from a 100 lb. per hour incinerator is handled by this skidmounted wet gas scrubber. A proven impingement design creates turbulent conditions to insure intimate contact between particulates and acid gases for thorough removal of pollutants, including HCL.
Eductor Venturi/Packed Tower Combination Removes Particulate and Absorbs Alcohol Vapors A combined eductor/packed tower collector that removes solid particulate and absorbs alcohol has been successfully employed by this major specialty chemical producer. The equipment vents a variety of process equipment. The eductor venturi induces the gas flow using a high pressure and volume of recirculated water focused into the throat of the venturi. Particulate matter is removed in the venturi. After the eductor, a packed tower scrubber with an extended packed section removes alcohol vapors by counter-current contact with a once through flow of fresh water. The equipment is stainless steel construction, designed for 500 CFM.
Scrubber Collects SO2 And Particulate At Reprocessor of Petroleum Catalysts An Impinjet gas scrubber is used by this recycler of spent petroleum and chemical refining catalysts to clean flue gas from its ovens. Carbon and sulfur from used catalysts is thermally oxidized by the company, creating sulfur dioxide and particulates, primarily carbon. Previously, a packed tower style scrubber was used to clean the resulting flue gas. Unfortunately, the packed tower tended to channel, as well as not collect particulate. The Sly scrubber uses a proven impingement design, which creates turbulent conditions to insure intimate contact between the gas contaminants and the scrubbing solution. This results in efficient removal of both particulate and SO2.
Slys Approach to Air Pollution Control: conservative design flexible engineering controlled manufacturing comprehensive field services
Many companies make air pollution control equipment, but none have been doing it as long as Sly. More than a century has passed since our original patent for cloth dust filters. Over the years, weve learned plenty about the application and fabrication of dust collectors and scrubbers. Here are the main points:
We believe in fitting the equipment to the customers needs, not the customer to the equipments capabilities.
Unlike many equipment suppliers, we refuse to mass-produce product and then hope for a good fit. We have maintained flexibility in our engineering techniques which permits us to manufacture each order to fit the task at hand, while maintaining a price to you that is comparable to massproduced equipment. In many cases it costs no more to get the very best equipment for the job. This approach earns us the respect and repeat business of many sophisticated buyers of pollution control equipment. These people, many of whom buy dozens of collectors or scrubbers every few years, have always represented a large portion of our customer base.
problems should they arise at your facility. This commitment to total customer support helps guarantee superior value for your investment.
Our obligation to the customer doesnt end when the equipment is shipped.
Slys staff engineers can promptly assist you in troubleshooting or with other field service
Unit 16 East Goscote Industrial Estate Leicester LE7 3XA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)116 260 8187 Fax: +44 (0)116 264 0543 Web: www.slyfilters.com Email: [email protected]
Need to comply with air quality codes? Our Eductor scrubbers are designed to specifically meet your performance requirements. Got a tough application? Make use of our expertise... call us with your special requirements. Need a unique solution to your problem? We offer custom engineering design. We design your Eductor around your application. Cant wait for a custom solution? Because Sly does its own manufacturing, we can deliver a custom system engineered to meet your demanding process, and deliver it on time!
Eductor scrubbers are designed to remove soluble gases and particulate by inducing a gas flow using high pressure liquid focused into a venturi throat. Additionally, eductor scrubbers can be used for direct-contact condensation. A high liquid flow rate makes the Sly eductor particularly appropriate for collection of sticky and/or gummy particulate, as well as gases which decompose upon contact with water, such as SiCl4 and H2 SiF6 .
...Because we do this!
State-of-the-art materials Materials selected for optimum corrosion resistance Internals are generally inert to the process environment No moving parts Convenient access locations Recirculate Solution Each is custom-engineered Is easily staged with other collection devices such as impingement plate scrubbers, packed towers or additional eductor scrubbers
Minimum Maintenance
Specifications:
Materials:
Shell:
Mild steel 304 SS 316 SS Special alloy FRP 6" wg (std.) Other Access door in tank Flanged inlet and outlet Integral recirculation reservoir Anchor lugs Lifting lugs
Design Pressure:
Standard Features:
Optional Accessories/Features:
Pressure differential gauge Internal sloped bottom Cone bottom Recirculation pump Recirculation piping Instrumentation package Exhaust fan Skid mounting (6' diameter & smaller) Control panel Sump heaters (freeze protection) Chemical feed systems
Unit 16 East Goscote Industrial Estate Leicester LE7 3XA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)116 260 8187 Fax: +44 (0)116 264 0543 Web: www.slyfilters.com Email: [email protected]
Impinjet Scrubbers
Highlights
High absorption efficiency for gases, odors and vapors Efficiencies exceeding 98% for particles 5 microns or larger Multiple stages can be added to improve efficiency Capacities from 500 to over 100,000 CFM Water requirements as low as 1-1/2 GPM per 1000 ACFM (typically, 3 GPM per 1000 ACFM)
2S tag e 1S tag e
acetone, ethylene glycol, chloroform, etc. are recovered from inert gas streams such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Chilled solvent is used as direct contact condensing liquid and removes the heat from the gas stream as it gains heat. Scrubbers also recover waste heat. Heat from dryers and other processes that would normally be exhausted can be used to heat water being fed to the scrubber almost to the wet bulb temperature of the inlet gas. For cooling and condensing and for heat recovery, our designs can accommodate high hydraulic loadings.
3 4 5 Particle Size-Micron
10
Pressure drop is an important consideration in evaluating the efficiency expected of a scrubber in a given application and in fan, drive and motor selection. When high efficiency is required, the use of additional stages provides a corresponding increase in pressure drop. The above chart shows standard pressure drop in inches, w.g., across scrubber for 1 stage, 2 stages and 3 stages.
To correct pressure drop to operating conditions, multiply standard pressure drop by the ratio of outlet density to standard density. Example: Using .0615 #/ Cu. Ft. Dry Air from Density Correction example and the 1 stage average capacity pressure drop of 3" at 70F. (density .075) the operating pressure drop is: 3" H2O x .0615/.075 = 2.46 inches, w.g.
Single Stage
Three Stage
C
Impinjet Scrubbers
30
B A DIA. B
Standard Equipment
Stainless steel impingement baffles Fixed blade mist eliminator Conditioning spray Carbon steel/Stainless steel construction Access doors (bolted) Full draining design
DIA. B
30
Nozzle Sizes
Plate Water Inlet I.P.S. Inches
1/ 2 3/ 4
Inlet Flange Dia. B 6" 8" 10" -0" -2" -4" -6" -7" -9" -0" -2" -4" -6" -8" -10" -0" -2" -0"x3' -2" -0"x3' -6" -0"x3'-10" -0"x4' -2" -0"x4' -6" -0"x5' -0" -0"x5' -4" -0"x5'-10" -0"x6' -4"
Outlet Flange Dia. C 7" 8" 11" 1' -1" 1' -3" 1' -5" 1' -7" 1' -9" 1'-11" 2' -2" 2' -4" 2' -6" 2' -8" 2'-10" 3' -0" 3' -2" 3' -4" 3' -7" 3' -9" 3'-11" 4' -1" 4' -4" 4' -6" 4' -8" 4'-10" 5' -0"
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3'
Unit 16 East Goscote Industrial Estate Leicester LE7 3XA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)116 260 8187 Fax: +44 (0)116 264 0543 Web: www.slyfilters.com Email: [email protected]
1998 Sly Inc. WS200 398 Printed in U.S.A Impinjet is a registered trademark of Sly Inc.
Venturi Scrubbers
Unsurpassed for Separating and Recovering Liquid Mists and Ultrafine Particulate
Simple in design, yet highly efficient, the Sly Venturi Scrubber incorporates features calculated to maximize collection efficiency while minimizing operating and maintenance costs. They range from a nonplugging, trouble-free method of introducing scrubbing liquid and a simple, easily-adjusted throat for optimizing efficiency, to a flooded elbow arrangement that collects agglomerated particulate while providing an abrasionresistant barrier to deter scrubber wear.
Venturi Scrubbers
Standard Equipment
Manually adjustable throat Adjustable cyclonic spin damper Flooded elbow Wetted approach inlet Removable liquid distributors Access doors (bolted) Carbon steel/Stainless steel construction
J D A H H B
C3
C2
ACCESS DOOR
C1
E G
Overall Height C3
7'-2 3/16" 7'-6 11/16" 8'-2 15/16" 8'-10 9/16" 10'-1 3/4" 11'-1" 13'-0 3/4"
Size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sep. Dia. B
3'-8" 4'-1" 4'-8" 5'-3"
Sep. C1
6'-6" 7'-2" 8'-2" 9'-1"
Vent C2
6'-5 11/16" 6'-8 11/16" 7'-2 15/16" 7'-8 9/16" 8'-9 1/4" 9'-6 1/2" 11'-3 1/4"
Overall Width D
6'-7 1/2" 7'-2 1/2"
Venturi Width E
2'-4" 2'-6"
Sep. Cone F
1'-3 1/2" 1'-5" 1'-7" 1'-9" 1'-11 1/2" 2'-1 1/2" 2'-4 1/2" 2'-9 3/4" 2'-11" 3'-3 1/4" 3'-8"
Venturi Depth J
1'-5" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-9" 2'-4" 2'-4" 3'-1" 3'-1" 4'-4 1/2" 4'-4 1/2" 5'-10"
7'-11 3/4" 2'-11" 8'-10 1/2" 3'-2" 9'-10 1/2" 3'-7" 10'-11 3/4" 3'-10 3/4" 12'-5" 13'-7 1/2" 15'-7 3/4" 17'-2 3/8" 19'-3 3/8" 4'-8 1/2" 5'-1" 6'-1" 6'-6" 7'-5"
5'-11" 10'-4" 6'-7" 12'-1" 7'-5" 14'-1" 8'-4" 16'-5" 9'-4" 19'-0" 10'-6" 22'-1"
11'-10 1/2" 14'-1 1/4" 14'-6 1/2" 15'-4" 17'-6" 16'-10 1/2" 18'-0 1/4" 20'-7 "
10 36,000/48,000 11 48,000/60,000
Expected Efficiency
"w
30
"w
Unit 16 East Goscote Industrial Estate Leicester LE7 3XA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)116 260 8187 Fax: +44 (0)116 264 0543 Web: www.slyfilters.com Email: [email protected]
60%
12" wg P
20
93% 50% 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Micron 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
20
98%
5.0
6.0 7.0
8.0
10.0
Particle Size-Micron
1998 Sly Inc. WS300 398 Printed in U.S.A.