The document discusses cavity theory, which is used to relate the dose measured by a detector or dosimeter to the dose in another material like water. It describes the Bragg-Gray relation which shows that the dose ratio is equal to the ratio of mass stopping powers if certain conditions are met. An example calculates the dose to water using a measurement of dose to air in a cavity. It also discusses accounting for photon absorption using Burlin cavity theory.
The document discusses cavity theory, which is used to relate the dose measured by a detector or dosimeter to the dose in another material like water. It describes the Bragg-Gray relation which shows that the dose ratio is equal to the ratio of mass stopping powers if certain conditions are met. An example calculates the dose to water using a measurement of dose to air in a cavity. It also discusses accounting for photon absorption using Burlin cavity theory.
The document discusses cavity theory, which is used to relate the dose measured by a detector or dosimeter to the dose in another material like water. It describes the Bragg-Gray relation which shows that the dose ratio is equal to the ratio of mass stopping powers if certain conditions are met. An example calculates the dose to water using a measurement of dose to air in a cavity. It also discusses accounting for photon absorption using Burlin cavity theory.
The document discusses cavity theory, which is used to relate the dose measured by a detector or dosimeter to the dose in another material like water. It describes the Bragg-Gray relation which shows that the dose ratio is equal to the ratio of mass stopping powers if certain conditions are met. An example calculates the dose to water using a measurement of dose to air in a cavity. It also discusses accounting for photon absorption using Burlin cavity theory.
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Department of Physics University of Oslo
Cavity theory dosimetry of small volume
FYS-KJM 4710 Audun Sanderud
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Cavity theory Problem: dose to water (or other substance) is wanted, but dose measured with a detector ( dosimeter) which have a different composition (atom-number, density) Transform dose to detector to dose in water? The dose determination is based on both measurements and calculations; dependent of the knowledge of radiation interaction Cavity theory: dose of small volume, or volume of low density useful for charged particles
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Cavity theory Consider a field of charged particles in a medium x, with a cavity k positioned inside: k
x When the fluence is unchanged over the cavity the dose becomes: dT Dk = dx col k
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Cavity theory When the cavity is absent the dose in the same point in x: dT Dx = dx col x
The dose relation becomes:
dT x dx col dT Dx x = = Dk dx col dT k dx col k
Bragg-Gray relation
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Bragg-Gray cavity theory
The B-G relation give that the dose relation between the cavity and the medium where the dose are to be determent is given by the stopping power relation Assumption (B-G conditions): Deposited dose are only due to charged particles The particle fluence does not change over the cavity
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Example: BG theory The cavity is filled with air. The number of gas ionizations (measurable value) are proportional with dose to the air volume. The cavity is placed in water and radiated with 1 MeV electrons and the dose in the air cavity is measured to 1 Gy. What is the dose to water? Dose relation: D water = Dair water
dT dx col air
water
D water =
dT D air dx col air
The relation between (water/air) are tabulated or the theoretical expressions can be used.
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Example: BG theory Relation: water
dT 1.85 MeV cm 2 /g = 1.11 = 2 dx col 1.66 MeV cm /g air
Dose to water is then: Dwater= 1.11 Dair = 1.11 Gy Cavity theory attach the dose in the sensitive volume (the measurable value) to the actual volume If only the dose to the cavity can be determinate, then it is just relative dosimetry
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Spectrum of charged particles
Spectrum can be given as differential fluence, T Have to add together the dose contributions for all kinetic energies: Tmax
D=
dT T dT = dx col
Tmax
dT dT T dT = dx col dx col
The dose relation is then given by the average stopping power:
dT Dx = D k k dx col x
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Theory of electrons and photons
What happen when the cavity increase in volume or density; and the photons also are absorbed? Have two extreme cases: k k x No photon absorption in the cavity: B-G theory eee eeex Photon absorption in the cavity: CPE theory
dT Dx = D k k dx col
en Dx = = Dk k
Department of Physics University of Oslo
Burlin cavity theory
Burlin derived a theory where both electron and photon absorption in the cavity are accounted for: dT en Dx =d + (1-d ) Dk dx col k k x x
0 d 1
d = 1 : no photon absorption B-G theory The range of electrons important if kinetic energy high enough electrons traverse the cavity and d > 0
