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Opencv Tutorial I: Image Processing: Xuan Mo

This document summarizes an OpenCV tutorial presentation about image processing. It introduces OpenCV as an open source library for computer vision and image processing functions. It describes OpenCV modules, how to install OpenCV, image data structures, basic image reading/writing functions, and provides examples on histograms and image correlation using OpenCV functions.

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Himanshu Vimal
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
184 views

Opencv Tutorial I: Image Processing: Xuan Mo

This document summarizes an OpenCV tutorial presentation about image processing. It introduces OpenCV as an open source library for computer vision and image processing functions. It describes OpenCV modules, how to install OpenCV, image data structures, basic image reading/writing functions, and provides examples on histograms and image correlation using OpenCV functions.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Vimal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OpenCV Tutorial I: Image Processing

Xuan Mo
iPAL Group Meeting

February 4, 2011

Outline

Introduction Data structure Important functions Examples Demos

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What is OpenCV?

OpenCV means Intel Open Source Computer Vision Library. It is a collection of C functions and a few C++ classes that implement some popular Image Processing and Computer Vision algorithms. The key features: Cross-Platform API of C functions FREE for commercial and non-commercial uses.

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Why to use it?

Newton says:If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.. When we have to implement something into production, we need to use C language program. We can take advantage of high speed implementations of functions commonly used in Computer Vision/Image Processing.

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OpenCV modules

cv: Main OpenCV functions, Image processing and vision algorithms. cvaux: Auxiliary (experimental) OpenCV functions. cxcore: Data structures, linear algebra support, XML support, drawing functions and other algorithms. highgui: GUI functions, Image and Video I/O.

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Install OpenCV

Free Download: http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/ Follow the Installation Guide http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/InstallGuide. Its sort of complicated. Congure and test Microsoft Visual Studio .net 2008/2010.

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Image data structure

Figure: Image data structure


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Image data structure

Figure: Matrices and vectors data structure


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Reading and writing images


IplImage cvLoadImage(image path, colorness f lag ); loads image from le, converts to color or grayscle, if need. Supported image formats: BMP, DIB, JPEG, JPG, JPE, PNG, PBM, PGM, PPM,SR, RAS, TIFF, TIF ag: > 0 the loaded image is forced to be a 3-channel color image = 0 the loaded image is forced to be a 1 channel grayscale image < 0 the loaded image is loaded as is (with number of channels in the le). cvSaveImage(image path, image); saves image to le, image format is determined from extension. IplImage img = cvLoadImage(picture.jpeg, 1); if (img ) cvSaveImage(picture.png, img );

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Accessing image elements


For a multi-channel oat image IplImage img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640, 480), IP L DEP T H 32F, 3); intheight = img > height; intwidth = img > width; intstep = img > widthStep/sizeof (f loat); intchannels = img > nChannels; f loat data = (f loat)img > imageData; data[i step + j channels + k ] = 111; IplImage cvCreateImage(CvSizesize, intdepth, intchannels); depth: pixel depth in bits: IPL DEPTH 8U, IPL DEPTH 8S, IPL DEPTH 16U, IPL DEPTH 16S, IPL DEPTH 32S, IPL DEPTH 32F, IPL DEPTH 64F

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Some important functions in image processing

Convert between color spaces: cvCvtColor(src, dst, code); from src to dst

Example: cvCvtColor(cimg, gimg, CV BGR2GRAY ); Convert the color image cimg into gray image gimg

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Working with matrices

Allocate a matrix: CvM at cvCreateM at(introws, intcols, inttype); Direct matrix element access: IplImage img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640, 480), IP L DEP T H 32F, 3); CvM at M = cvCreateM at(4, 4, CV 32F C 1); intn = M > cols; f loat data = M > data.f l; data[i n + j ] = 3.0; Set the element Mij = 3.0

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Some important functions in Matrix/vector operations

Matrix-matrix operations: cvAdd(M a, M b, M c); M c = M a + M c cvSub(M a, M b, M c); M c = M a M c cvM atM ul(M a, M b, M c); M c = M a M c Inhomogeneous linear system solver: cvSolve(&A, &b, &x); solve (Ax = b) for x Eigen analysis (of a symmetric matrix): cvEigenV V (&A, &E, &l); l: eigenvalues of A; E: corresponding eigenvectors

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Example 1: Histograms

Loading the Image: char imageN ame = Critters 00005.JP G; IplImage im = cvLoadImage(imageN ame, 1); Specifying a Working Region: IplImage grayImage = cvCreateImage(cvSize(im > width, im > height), IP L DEP T H 8U, 1); CvRectrect = cvRect(0, 0, 500, 600); cvSetImageROI (grayImage, rect); apply the rectangle to the image and establish a region of interest

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Result of Specifying a Working Region

(a) Original image

(b) Specic Working Region

Figure: Result of Specifying a Working Region

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Example 1: Histograms
Perform Initial Histogram Calculations: IplImage histImage = cvCreateImage(cvSize(320, 200), 8, 1); CvHistogram hist = cvCreateHist(1, &hist size, CV HIST ARRAY, ranges, 1); cvCalcHist(&grayImage, hist, 0, N U LL); Calculate the Histogram

cvGetM inM axHistV alue(hist, &min value, &max value, &min idx, &m cvScale(hist > bins, hist > bins, ((double)histImage > height)/max value, 0); cvSet(histImage, cvScalarAll(255), 0); bin w = cvRound((double)histImage > width/hist size); Grab Min/Max Values and Set Up Factors For Visualization

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Result of Histograms
Get Values/Perform Calculations f or(i = 0; i < hist size; i + +){. . . } Display Results

Figure: Result of Histograms

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Example 2: Image Correlation


Extract Template Region CvRectrect = cvRect(xV al, yV al, neighLength, neighLength); CvM at tplate = cvCreateM at(neighLength, neighLength, CV8 U C 1); cvGetSubRect(imG, tplate, rect);

(a) Original image

(b) Template Region

Figure: Two Subgures


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Example 2: Image Correlation


Template Match cvM atchT emplate(imG, tplate, result0, CV T M SQDIF F ); cvM atchT emplate(imG, tplate, result2, CV T M CCORR);

(a) Result of SQDIFF

(b) Result of CCORR

Figure: Result of general correlation

The result is poor


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Example 2: Image Correlation

Use normalized result cvM atchT emplate(imG, tplate, result1, CV T M SQDIF F N ORM ED cvM atchT emplate(imG, tplate, result2, CV T M CCORR N ORM ED);

(a) SQDIFF NORMED

(b) CCORR NORMED

Figure: Result of normalized correlation

The result is good. It showed that the normalized techniques exhibited better results.
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Demos

edge detection histogram ellipse tting delaunay convexhull

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