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Engine Emissions 2004-09-01

The document discusses diesel engine exhaust emissions and regulations. It describes the components of exhaust, their effects, and methods to control emissions. It also outlines IMO and EPA regulations for emissions from ships and the certification process for engines.

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127 views30 pages

Engine Emissions 2004-09-01

The document discusses diesel engine exhaust emissions and regulations. It describes the components of exhaust, their effects, and methods to control emissions. It also outlines IMO and EPA regulations for emissions from ships and the certification process for engines.

Uploaded by

nicoletabytax
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Diesel Academy - Emissions 2004-09-01 Topics

1. What are exhaust gas emissions? 2. Emission Control 3. Emission regulations 4. Procedure for IMO NOx certification 5. Summary

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

What are Exhaust Gas Emissions?


Flow process
Air Heat Exhaust gas O2 , N2 , CO2 , H2O NOx , SOx , CO, HC, Particulate matter (PM)

Fuel

Lube

Work
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 2

Effects of Diesel Exhaust


NOx, CO, HC and SOx cause Respiratory health problems NOx + HC form ground level ozone (toxic) Particulate matter (PM): Probable human carcinogen Cause respiratory and heart diseases Cause premature deaths NOx + SOx contributes to acid rain

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

Impact of emissions from ships


Contribution of emissions from marine diesel engines to total deposition of SOx and NOx in selected countries:
Country Malta Denmark Sweden Netherlands Oxides of Sulphur Contribution (%) 16 15 13 13 Oxides of Nitrogen Contribution (%) 38 20 16 13

Source: Norwegian Metrological Institute

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

Emission control
Pollutant NOx Source
Oxygen and Nitrogen (air) forms NOx at high combustion temperatures Fuel sulphur content Unburned fuel and lube

Control
Primary and secondary methods

SOx
Hydrocarbons

Low sulphur fuel Scrubbers? Slide valves Reduced lube oil consump. Slide valves ME smokeless operation Low sulphur fuel Reduced lube oil consump.

Particulate matter

Unburned fuel and lube Soot Sulphur from fuel

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

NOx Emission Control


Primary methods (Engine produces less NOx) 1) Engine adjustments/Design modifications
Low NOx atomizer Retarded injection timing ME-engine emission mode

2) Engine process modifications


Water-in-fuel emulsion / Water injection Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Scavenge Air Moisturizing (SAM)

Increasing NOx reduction

Secondary methods (NOx is removed after the engine)


SCR (Selective Catalytic Reactor NOx)
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 6

Electronically Controlled Engines The ME engine with fully integrated control of:
Starting air valves Start and reversing sequences Governor function Auxiliary blowers Electronically profiled injection control Exhaust valve actuation Cylinder oil feed rate
3330172/20030904 (3000/OG) DOK/2431 2004-09-01 7

Advantages of ME Engines
Flexibility regarding exhaust gas emissions: low emission modes where NOx is be reduced below the IMO limit is standard mode for smokeless slow steaming can be made available adaptation to different fuels computer controlled cylinder lubricator with intermittent lubrication, enables a reduction in lube oil dosage. We expect some 0.2 g/BHPh reduction (or more) at present

L/72562-0.0/0302

(2440/PCS)

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

ME Engine Standard Modes Economy Mode vs. Low NOx Mode


SFOC 10 0 -10 g/kWh Ecomomy mode Low Nox mode

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Bar (abs)

Pmax and Pcomp 155 115 75 40

Pmax Economy mode Pcomp

Pmax Low Nox mode pcomp

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Relative NOx emission 140 120 100 40 50 60 %

Economy mode

Low Nox mode

70

80

90

100 110 Engine load


9

L/74498-4.3/0903

(2430/NK)

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

Emission Regulations
IMO Annex VI (world-wide) EPA (US waters)
Limits equal to IMO, only for US flag

EU (Strategy for marine engines)


1.5% sulphur limit in EU waters from 2007 Strategy for emissions from marine engines

Market based instruments


Benefit from reducing emissions Examples: Sweden and Norway

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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IMO NOx Regulation


IMO Regulation (Annex VI to MARPOL 73/78) Regulation 13: NOx limit (speed dependent) Regulation 14: Sulphur limit (4.5% general/1.5% special) Regulation 18: Bunker delivery note Entry into force: 19 May 2005 (retro-active from jan-2000). Discussion of new (tighter) limits to start already late 2004

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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Applicable engines

IMO regulation applies to: engines (>130 kW) build on or after 2000-01-01 or all engines, which goes through a major conversion after 2000-01-01

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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NOx emission for MAN B&W engines


All MAN B&W engines comply with IMO NOx limit
25 NOx g/kWh, E2/E3 cycle 20 15 10
Before 2000

IMO NOx Limit

5 0 50 100

After 2000 IMO Limit

150

200

Engine - r/min

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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Engine Certification
IMO Certification ensures compliance: at delivery (on test bed) when taken into service (sea trial) in service

Classification societies handle the certification on behalf of the Flag States Tools: Technical File and Surveys

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

14

Test bed survey


Demonstration of compliance on test bed:
NOx emission are measured on one engine of series of identical engines Remaining engines are approved by inspection of components and evaluation of performance (parameter check method)

The engine builder is responsible for test bed survey and issuance of the Technical File Approved Technical File => EIAPP certificate
EIAPP: Engine International Air Pollution Prevention

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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Purpose of the Technical File


To specify the engine To present the NOx level for the engine To provide a NOx verification method (survey method) for the engine in service

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

16

Unified Technical File


MAN B&W standard Technical File: is accepted by all major classification societies ensures identical Technical Files independent of engine manufacturer allows adjustments and modifications of engines in service

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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On-board survey methods


Initial and periodical surveys in service parameter check method (inspection of components and evaluation of performance) OR simplified measurement method OR continuous NOx monitoring method (for periodical surveys only) Passed survey => Issuance of IAPP certificate
IAPP: International Air Pollution Prevention The yard (with the manufacturer) is responsible for the IAPP but the ship owner for continuing compliance
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 18

Emission measurement

Transportable equipment

Test bed equipment

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

19

MAN B&W Parameter Check Method


If two engines have: similar design features (i.e. same design spec.) same NOx components same performance values (within given tolerances)

they will have the same NOx emission Reference values and maximum allowed tolerances for the critical performance parameters are given in the Technical File

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

20

NOx Influencing Components


Cylinder liner Piston crown Cylinder cover Fuel pump plunger and barrel (MC) Pressure booster top cover and pressure booster housing (ME) Fuel nozzle Fuel and exhaust cams (MC) ELFI valve and ECS units (ECU & CCUs) (ME) Software version / mode selection (ME) Turbocharger, scavenge-air cooler, aux. blower and governor and for ME engines ELFI and ECS units to be verified through their name plates.
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 21

Requirements for On-Board Surveys


The Technical File must be available The engine must be adjusted according to the Technical File Standard performance data must be recent i.e. within 30 days from a scheduled survey A record book describing changes in NOx components and settings must be kept Only NOx components with proper marking are allowed

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

22

MAN B&W On-Board NOx Verification Procedure


1. Inspect Technical File and Record Book 2. Perform standard MAN B&W Performance Check (must be taken within last 30 days) 3. Verify compliance using the Survey Code 4. Check fuel nozzle and ECS version *) 5. Add output from survey code to record book
*) Check other NOx components and settings (incl. IMO check sums) as considered necessary

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

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Record book of engine parameters


Contents: Description of any changes affecting engine parameters that may influence NOx emissions (as described in the Technical File): Adjustments Part replacements Modifications of engine parts Shall be recorded chronologically and kept with the Technical File
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 24

New NOx components


Change in design for NOx components (Equal to introduction of new ME engine mode): New component => NOx lower or unchanged: MBD will issue amendments to the existing Technical File New component => Higher NOx: New Technical File to be issued

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

25

Amendment Procedures
Maintaining certificates (drawing revisions) without ID change forward new drawing with ID change amendment New components without NOx influence amendment with possible influence amendment *) (but application supported by in-house tests)
*) if NOx increase new TF (parent or member)

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

26

Major Conversion
Defined as: replacement engine maximum rating increase > 10% or any substantial modification A substantial modification is defined as, for engines build: after 2000 NOx possibly exceed IMO limit *) before 2000 increase existing NOx beyond tolerances (meas. w. simplified meas. method) **)
*) may require a new parent engine **) complete compliance with Annex VI
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 27

Summary
MAN B&W has prepared a unified TF for all licencees for the benefit of the customer The TF defines the future on-board survey method MAN B&W are prepared for future tougher emission regulations MAN B&W participate in the different regulation discussions Service letter concerning on-board surveys have been published and a new being prepared
DOK/2431 2004-09-01 28

Future Challenges

On-board IAPP surveys from next Year Tighter IMO regulations Individual State regulations Voluntary programs More components regulated (HC, PM, CO)

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

29

Diesel Academy - Emissions

Questions?

DOK/2431 2004-09-01

30

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