Excel

Introduction- M.S. excel is a windows based spreadsheet package .A spreadsheet is a rows and, columns also called as a worksheet. M.S. excel is used for calculation, Recalculation, and to create, charts etc. Its Extension name is - .Xlsx Executable file name of M.S. excel is Excel.exe Ets file is known as workbook. A wordbook contain three (3)sheets by default. Excel Template (*.xltx) In a worksheet there are:Total row:1048576. Total column:16384. Column header: a,b,c,___z,aa,ab,az,________xfd. Row header:1,2,3,________1048576. Bv default: Row height15 Column width8.43 CellEntire part of row and column is known as cells. (or)intersection of row and column is known as cells. Total cellstotal row*total column

1048576 * 16384 Cell address A. First cell addressA1{column name and row no.} B. Last cell addressIv65536{last column name and last row no.} Operators Operator is a symbol, used to specify the type of calculation that is to be performed on elements of a formula. 1. Arithmetic operators :+(plus)addition3+36 __(minus sign) subtraction3-12 *(asterisk)multiplication3*39 /(forward slash) division3/31 %( Percent sign)percent20% 2. Relational operators :=(Equal to sign) a1=b1 >(Greater than) a1>b1 <(Less than) a1<b1 >=(Greater than equal to) a1>=b1 <=(Less than equal to) a1<=b1 <>(Not equal to)a1<>b1 3. Reference operators ::(colon)b2:b10

,(comma) sum(b2:b10,c2:c10) (single space)(b2:b10 v2:c10) 1=: What is a spreadsheet? Ans=: A spreadsheet is a grid of row and columns, also called as a worksheet. 2=: What is a spreadsheet programs and applications? Ans=: A spreadsheet program is a graphical presentation of numeric data. 3=: What is a cells? Ans=: Intersection of row and column is known as cells. (or){the combination of the column letter and row number is called cell reference.} 4=: What is a range? Ans=: Range is a group of cells.(collection of cells is known as range) 5=: What is a active cell? Ans=: Working cell in known as active cell. (or) the selected cell is known as active cell. 6=: What is chart? Ans=: A chart is a graphical representation of numeric data. There are two types of charts, they are 1=:simple chart.(simple chart is drown on separate sheet) 2=: Embedded chart. (embedded chart is drown on the same sheet) 7=: Auto sum? Ans=: Auto sum is used to total a range of numeric cells. This icon available in standard toolbar. To use this icon is, block the numeric cells, and click on the auto sum icon from standard toolbar. 8=: What is a function wizard? Ans=: The function can also be entered using the function wizard, instead of typing them. 9=: Formula bar? Ans=: A bar at the top of your Microsoft excel worksheet window that is used to enter or edit values and formulas in cells or charts. It display the cell content and formula in active cell. Shortcut Keys F2 F5 F7 F11 Ctrl + Shift + ; Ctrl + ; Alt + Shift + F1 Shift + F3 Shift + F5 Ctrl + A Ctrl + B Ctrl + I Ctrl + K Description Edit the selected cell. Go to a specific cell. For example, C6. Spell check selected text or document. Create chart. Enter the current time. Enter the current date. Insert New Worksheet. Open the Excel formula window. Bring up search box. Select all contents of the worksheet. Bold highlighted selection. Italic highlighted selection. Insert link.

Ctrl + U Ctrl + 5 Ctrl + P Ctrl + Z Ctrl + F9 Ctrl + F10 Ctrl + F6 Ctrl + Page up Ctrl + Page down Ctrl + Tab Alt + = Ctrl + ' Ctrl + Shift + ! Ctrl + Shift + $ Ctrl + Shift + # Ctrl + Shift + % Ctrl + Shift + ^ Ctrl + Shift + @ Ctrl + Arrow key Ctrl + Space Shift + Space

Underline highlighted selection. Strikethrough highlighted selection. Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing. Undo last action. Minimize current window. Maximize currently selected window. Switch between open workbooks / windows. Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document. Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document. Move between Two or more open Excel files. Create a formula to sum all of the above cells Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected. Format number in comma format. Format number in currency format. Format number in date format. Format number in percentage format. Format number in scientific format. Format number in time format. Move to next section of text. Select entire column. Select entire row.

The basics All spreadsheet formulas begin with = After the equal symbol either the cell or formula function is entered. The function tells the spreadsheet what kind of formula it's dealing with. If a function is being performed the math formula or cells being dealt with are surrounded in parentheses. Using the colon (:) will allow you to get a range of cells for a formula. Functions with examples 1.Mathematical and statistical function 1. Sum() It is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cells.{adds all the numbers in a range of cells.} Syntax: =Sum(range) =Sum(a1:Lb5){or}=sum(b2:b5) {output}12050 (or)

=Sum(number1,number2,.) =Sum(100,200,100) {Outplut}400 Number1, number2,. Are to 30 arguments for which you want the total value or sum. A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 NAME RAM MOHAN SOHAN ROHAN TOTAL SALARY SALARY 5000 1250 2250 3550 =SUM(B2:B5)

2.Max() Returns the largest value in the range (a set of values). It is a statistical function. Syntax: =Max(range) =Max(b2:b5) {output}5000 (or) =Max(number1.number2,..) =max(2,3,15,20,16) {output}20 3.Min() Returns the lowest value in the range of cell. It is a statistical function. Syntax: =Min(number1,number2,) (or)=Min(range) =min (b2:b5) {output}1250 4.Average() Calculate and returns the average(arithmetic mean) of the numeric values in the range of cells. It is statistical function. Syntax: =Average(range) =Average(a1:b5){or}=Average(b2:b5) {output}(or)3012.50 (or) =Average(number1,number2,..) =Average(100,200,100) {output}133.333 5Product() It calculate the multiplication of the given number. Syntax:=Product(number1,number2,.) =Product(10,20) {output}200 6. Power()

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It returns the value of any number given to rising of power. Syntax:=Power(Number,Power) =Power(2,3) {For=23} Output8 7.Mod() It calculate the reminder of the number divided by the divisible. Syntax:=Mod (number,divisible) =mod(5,2) Output1 Squt() It calculate the square root of the given number. Syntax:=Squrt(number) =Sqrt(25) Output5 Odd() It returns the nearest odd number of the given nmber. Syntsx:=Odd(number) Odd(3.1) Output5 Round() This function rounds a number to specified number of digits. Syntax:=Round(number,Numdigit) =Round(45.56,1) Output45.6 Count(range) Count the number of cells that contain numbers. Syntax:=Count(Range) =Count(A1:B5) Output:4 Counta(Range) =Counta(A1:B5) Output:10 Countblank(Rnge) Count empty cells or non blank cells. Syntax:=Count blank(Range) Countblank(A1:B5) Output:0 Text Function: Upper(Text) This function is used to convert the text from small letter to capital letter. (or) To changes the case from lower case to upper case. Syntax:=Upper(String) OutputCLEAN ME =Lower(Text) This function is used to convert the text from capital letter to small letter. (or) To changes the case from upper case to lower case.

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Syntax:Lower(String) =Lower(COMPUTER) OutputComputer Proper(Text) This function is used for convert the text in to proper case. Proper case means first letter of the text is capital and remaining are small. Syntax:=Proper(Text) =(PARTS OF COMPUTER) OutputParts of computer Left(String,number) Returns the specified number of character from the left side of a text string. If the number is not specified, it returns the first character. =Left(Name,3) Output:Name Right(String,number) Returns the specified number of character from the Right side of a text string. If the number is not specified, it returns the Last character. Sjyntax:=Right(Stirng,number) =Right(Name,2) Output:me Mid() Returns a specified number of character starting from a specified position in a text string. Syntax:=Mid(String, start number, number of character) =Mid(Name,2,2) Output:am Len() Returns the length of a text string. Spaces are count as character. Syntax:=Len(String) =Len(Name) Output: 4 Rept() Returns the given text a specified number of times. Syntax:=Rept(String) =Rept(Name,2) Output:NameName Date and time funchtin: Now() {Press emter key} To show current date and time Today() {Press enter keyt} To show current date. Press:Ctrl+colon (or) ctrl+: To show current date. Press:Ctrl+Shift+Colon (or)Ctrl+Shift+: To show current time. Logical function: Logical function are used to see whether a condition is true or false or to check for multiple condition. If() The function If is use to determine whether a condition is true or false:one value is returned if the condition is true, and a different value is returned if the condition is false.

Syntax:=If (Condition,true action, false action) (or)=If (Logical test value,True value, false value) A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name Ram Sohan Shiv Rohan Dolly Neha Sneha Sub1 40 30 38 33 35 63 45 Sub2 46 42 48 68 50 35 33 20 15 Sub3 33 52 25 22 33 66 55 65 55 total

percent grade

=B2+c2+d2 =E2/3

Mohan 35

Shyam 50

i) For grade we use IF function: Grade is based on percentage: Per Grade <33 Fail >= Pass =if(f2<33,fail,pass) ii) A B C 1 Name Salary comm 2 Ram 1900 3 Mohan 1500 4 Sohan 1000 5 Shiv 2500 6 Shyam 950 7 Rohan 3200 8 Dolly 220 9 Neha 3000 10 sheha 4500 Commission is based on salary: Table1 Salary Comm. <1500 0 > 50 =if(b2<1500,0,50) Table 2 Salary Comm 0-2000 2%of salary >= 3%of salary if(b2<2000,b2*2%,b2*3%)

D Total salary

:NESTED IF: Syntax:=if(condition,True value,if(Condition,True value,False value)) A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item code Lux Breeze Margo Denim Lifeboy Lux Breeze Denim Margo Qty 10 20 15 30 10 20 14 15 35 Rate 10 15 20 5.5 22 11 10.5 15 15 Sales =B2*C2 Discount Net sales =D2-E2

Table 3 Sales Diss 0-100 0 100-300 20 >300 50 =if(d0<100,0,if(d2<=300,20,50)) A B C D 1 Item code Qty Rate Sales 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Table 4 Sales Less150 150-500 501-800 >800 Lux Breeze Margo Denim Lifeboy Lux Breeze Denim Margo 10 20 15 30 10 20 14 15 35 10 15 6.5 5.5 22 11 10.5 15 15 =B2*C2

E Discount

F Net sales =D2-E2

Diss 1% of sales 2% of sales 3% of sales 4% of sales

=if(d2<150,d2*1%,if(d2<=500,d2*2%,if(d2<=800,d2*3%,d2*4%))) A B

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Actual Expenses 1500 500 500 Formula =IF(A2>B2,"Over udget","OK")

Predicted Expenses 900 900 925 Description (Result) Checks whether the first row is over budget (Over Budget) Checks whether the second row is over budget (OK)

=IF(A3>B3,"Over udget","OK")

If Score is Then return Greater than 89 A From 80 to 89 B From 70 to 79 C From 60 to 69 D Less than 60 F Table: A 1 Score 2 45 3 90 4 78 Formula =IF(A2>89,"A",IF(A2>79,"B", IF(A2>69,"C",IF(A2>59,"D","F")))) =IF(A3>89,"A",IF(A3>79,"B", IF(A3>69,"C",IF(A3>59,"D","F")))) =IF(A4>89,"A",IF(A4>79,"B", IF(A4>69,"C",IF(A4>59,"D","F")))) OR Function: Syntax OR(logical1,logical2,...)

Description (Result) Assigns a letter grade to the first score (F) Assigns a letter grade to the second score (A) Assigns a letter grade to the third score (C)

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE.

Logical1,logical2,... are 1 to 255 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE. AND Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more argument is FALSE. Syntax AND(logical1,logical2, ...)

Logical1, logical2, ... are 1 to 255 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE. NOT Reverses the value of its argument. Use NOT when you want to make sure a value is not equal to one particular value. Syntax NOT(logical) Logical is a value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. Or 1 2 3 4 And 1 2 3 4 A Formula =AND(TRUE, TRUE) =AND(TRUE, FALSE) =AND(2+2=4, 2+3=5) B Description (Result) All arguments are TRUE (TRUE) One argument is FALSE (FALSE) All arguments evaluate to TRUE (TRUE) A Formula =OR(TRUE) =OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) =OR(TRUE,FALSE,TRUE) B Description (Result) One argument is TRUE (TRUE) All arguments evaluate to FALSE (FALSE) At least one argument is TRUE (TRUE)

deptt acct mkt pur sales acct mkt acct mkt pur sales pur sales acct mkt

salary 10000 12500 3500 4500 1450 1250 3560 8500 9500 15000 12500 13500 6500 4500

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total

Bonus: =IF(OR(A12="acct",A12="pur"),B12*2%,1000) =IF(NOT(A12<>"acct"),B12*2%,1000)

name ram mohan sohan rohan shiv shyam shyam shiv

designation accountant manager supreviser manager accountant manager accountant manager

basic bonus 12000 25000 9000 18000 8000 12500 50000 250

total

Bonus: =IF(OR(B2="manager",C2>=10000),1000,500) =IF(AND(B2="manager",C2>=10000),1000,500) name maths hindi sst eng total ram 55 55 50 54 mohan 88 45 50 65 sohan 66 53 50 35 rohan 22 34 50 54 shiv 60 35 50 15 shyam 35 54 50 65 Total: =SUM(B2:E2) Per: =F2/4 Result: Or=IF(OR(B2<=35,C2<=35,D2<=35,E2<=35),"fail","pass") And=IF(AND(B2<=35,C2<=35,D2<=35,E2<=35,F2<=35),"fail","pass") (i)SUMIF:It is used to total a range of numeric cell based on condition. Syntax:=Sumif(Range to check,Criteria,Range to total). (ii)COUNTIF:To count the number of cells which have a condition. Syntax:=Countif(Range to chedk,Criteria). 1: Adds the cells specified by a given criteria. Syntax SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range) A B 1 Property Value Commission 2 100000 7000 3 200000 14000 4 300000 21000 5 400000 28000 Formula Description (Result) =SUMIF(A2:A5,">160000",B2:B5) Sum of the commissions for property values over 160,000 (63,000) =SUMIF(A2:A5,">160000") Sum of the property values over 160,000 (900,000) =SUMIF(A2:A5,"=300000",B2:B3) Sum of the commissions for property values equal to 300,000 (21,000) per result

2: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria. Syntax COUNTIF(range,criteria) How the COUNTIF Function Works

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A Data apples oranges peaches apples Formula

B Data 32 54 75 86 Description (result)

=COUNTIF(A2:A5,"apples") (2) =COUNTIF(A2:A5,A4) above (1) =COUNTIF(A2:A5,A3)+COUNTIF(A2:A5,A2) column above (3) =COUNTIF(B2:B5,">55") second column above (2) =COUNTIF(B2:B5,"<>"&B4) second column above (3)

Number of cells with apples in the first column above Number of cells with peaches in the first column Number of cells with oranges and apples in the first Number of cells with a value greater than 55 in the Number of cells with a value not equal to 75 in the

The syntax for AVERAGE IF is: =AVERAGEIF ( Range, Criteria, Average_range )

Alignment Mini Toolbar: 1Wrap text automatically 1. In a worksheet, select the cells that you want to format. 2. On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Wrap Text .

NOTES Data in the cell wraps to fit the column width. When you change the column width, data wrapping adjusts automatically. If all wrapped text is not visible, it may be because the row is set to a specific height. How to adjust the row height 1. Select the cell or range for which you want to adjust the row height. 2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

3. Under Cell Size , do one of the following:

To automatically adjust the row height, click AutoFit Row Height. To specify a row height, click Row Height, and then type the row height that you want in the Row height box. 2Merge & centreMerge adjacent cells 1. Select two or more adjacent cells that you want to merge. NOTE Make sure that the data that you want to display in the merged cell is in the upper-left cell of the selected range. Only the data in the upper-left cell will remain in the merged cell. Data in all of the other cells of the selected range will be deleted. 2. On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Merge and Center. The cells will be merged in a row or column, and the cell contents will be centered in the merged cell. To merge cells without centering, click the arrow next to Merge and Center, and then click Merge Across or Merge Cells. NOTE If the Merge and Center button is unavailable, the selected cells may be in editing mode. To cancel editing mode, press ENTER. 3. To change the text alignment in the merged cell, select the cell, click any of the alignment buttons in the Alignment group on the Home tab. 3Decrease Indent: Decrease the margin between the border and the text in the cell. 4 Increase Indent: 5:Orientation: Alignment Text alignment Horizontal Select an option in the Horizontal list box to change the horizontal alignment of cell contents. By default, Microsoft Office Excel aligns text to the left, numbers to the right, and logical and error values are centered. The default horizontal alignment is General. Changing the alignment of data does not change the data type. Vertical Select an option in the Vertical box to change the vertical alignment of cell contents. By default, Excel aligns text vertically on the bottom of a cell. The default horizontal alignment is General. Indent Indents cell contents from any edge of the cell, depending on your choice under Horizontal and Vertical. Each increment in the Indent box is equivalent to the width of one character. Orientation Select an option under Orientation to change the orientation of text in selected cells. Rotation options may not be available if other alignment options are selected. Degrees Sets the amount of text rotation in the selected cell. Use a positive number in the Degree box to rotate the selected text from lower left to upper right in the cell. Use negative degrees to rotate text from upper left to lower right in the selected cell. Text control

Wrap text Wraps text into multiple lines in a cell. The number of wrapped lines is dependent on the width of the column and the length of the cell contents. Shrink to fit Reduces the apparent size of font characters so that all data in a selected cell fits within the column. The character size is adjusted automatically if you change the column width. The applied font size is not changed. Merge cells Combines two or more selected cells into a single cell. The cell reference for a merged cell is the upper-left cell in the original selected range. Right-to-left Text direction Select an option in the Text direction box to specify reading order and alignment. The default setting is Context, but you can change it to Left-to-Right or Right-toLeft. Insert tab: 1: Pivot table: About PivotTable reports A PivotTable report is an interactive way to quickly summarize large amounts of data. Use a PivotTable report to analyze numerical data in depth and to answer unanticipated questions about your data. A PivotTable report is especially designed for: Querying large amounts of data in many user-friendly ways. Subtotaling and aggregating numeric data, summarizing data by categories and subcategories, and creating custom calculations and formulas. Expanding and collapsing levels of data to focus your results, and drilling down to details from the summary data for areas of interest. Moving rows to column or columns to rows (or "pivoting") to see different summaries of the source data. Filtering, sorting, grouping, and conditionally formatting the most useful and interesting subset of data to enable you to focus on the information that you want. Presenting concise, attractive, and annotated online or printed reports. 2: Table: Create a table to manage and analyze data. Table make it easy to sort, filter and format data within a sheet. 3: Chart: A chart is a graphical representation of numeric data. There charts, they are 1=:simple chart.(simple chart is drown on separate sheet) 2=: Embedded chart. (embedded chart is drown on the same sheet) Available chart types Microsoft Office Excel 2007 supports numerous types of charts to help you display data in ways that are meaningful to your audience. When you want to create a chart or change an are two types of

existing chart, you can choose from a wide range of chart subtypes available for each of the following chart types. In this article Column charts Line charts Pie charts Bar charts Area charts XY (scatter) charts Stock charts Surface charts Doughnut charts Bubble charts Radar charts 4: Hyperlink: {ctrl+k} to create link between two or more files. Insert tabLinksHyperlink A box will be openSelect file name Click on okThen the selected file name will be displayed at the cursor positioned To jump on this file click on file name. Page Layout Tab: