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Comparative Government Reading List PhD Program Department of Government Georgetown University The syllabi for GOVT 740 constitute a basic reading list for PhD candidates in comparative government. The Field list provided here has two additional purposes. First, it provides an expanded list of some of the essential works in comparative politics. Second, it identifies some key areas in which students may focus their preparation for the comprehensive examinations. No list is exhaustive. It is only a list of essentialsa starting point, not the end point, of serious study at the doctoral level. Section 1 lists texts that offer overviews of the current state of the field. Section 2 consists of fundamental textsclassics in the fieldfor all comparative politics students. Section 3 is divided by topical and regional specializations. Students are expected to have some familiarity with the items in Section 1, serious knowledge of those in Section 2, and serious knowledge of many of those in Section 3. In addition, students are expected to keep up with the relevant journal literature in the leading political science journals, as well as journals and electronic media in their specialized areas of research. Major venues for comparative politics research in English are: American Political Science Review Annual Reviews of Political Science World Politics Comparative Politics Comparative Political Studies British Journal of Political Science PS: Political Science and Politics (for research notes, state-of-the-field reports, and articles on pedagogy) 1. OVERVIEWS OF THE HISTORY, METHODS, AND CURRENT STATE OF THE FIELD Brady, Henry E. and David Collier. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004.

2 Chilcote, Ronald H. Theories of Comparative Politics: The Search for a Paradigm Reconsidered (2nd Ed.). Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Evans, Peter, et al. The Role of Theory in Comparative Politics: A Symposium. World Politics 48 (October 1995) 1-49. Elster, Jon. Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Geddes, Barbara. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003 George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005. Green, Donald P., and Ian Shapiro. Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. Goodin, Robert E. and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Eds. A New Handbook of Political Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Hardin, Rusell. Collective Action. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1982. Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970. Katznelson, Ira and Helen V. Milner. Political Science: The State of the Discipline III. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002. King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Lane, Ruth. The Art of Comparative Politics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. Lichbach, Mark and Alan Zuckerman, Eds. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Lieberman, Evan. Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research, American Political Science Review, (August 2005) 435-52. Munck, Gerardo L. and Richard Snyder, Eds. Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. Przeworski, Adam and Henry Teune. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley, 1970.

3 Tsebelis, George. Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. 2. ESSENTIAL TEXTS IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS Almond, Gabriel and Sidney Verba. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963. Almond, Gabriel, and Sidney Verba, Eds, The Civic Culture Revisited. New York: Little, Brown, 1980. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso. 1991. Anderson, Perry. Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: Verso, 1989. Aristotle. Politics. Axelrod, Robert. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books, 1984. Dahl, Robert A. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971. Dahl, Robert A. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961. Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper, 1957. Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973. Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1970. Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962. Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man: The Social Basis of Politics. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1960. Lijphart, Arend. Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method. American Political Science Review 65 (September 1971): 682-693.

4 Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977. Migdal, Joel. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988. Marx, Karl. In Robert C. Tucker, Ed., The Marx-Engels Reader (2nd Ed.). New York: W.W. Norton, 1978. Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966. Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (2nd Ed.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971. Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Popkin, Samuel. The Rational Peasant. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1979. Putnam, Robert. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modem Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Przeworski, Adam et. al. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and WellBeing in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Rostow, W.W. The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960. Sartori, Giovanni. Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics. American Political Science Review (December 1970). Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy . London: Allen and Unwin, 1942. Scott, James. The Moral Economy of the Peasant. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions : A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Tilly, Charles, Ed. The Formation of National States in Western Europe Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974. Weber, Max. Essays in Sociology. Ed. H. H. Gerth and Wright C. Mills. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958.

1Wedeen, Lisa, "Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science," American Political Science Review 96:4 (December 2002) 713-728. 3. FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION The list below represents some of the traditional fields, both topical and regional, in comparative politics, as well as the particular strengths of the Georgetown Comparative Government faculty. Many of the essential texts above could also be placed in one or more of the categories below. A. COMPARATIVE FIELDS THE STATE Bates, Robert H. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz. "The Price of Wealth: Business and State in Labor Remittance and Oil Economies." International Organization 43:1 (December 1989) 101-145, Evans, Peter R., Dietrich Rueschemeyer & Theda Skocpol, Eds., Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, l985. Fukuyama, Francis. State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004. Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. Why Africa's Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood. World Politics 35 (1): 1-24, 1982. Kuran, Timur. Why is the Middle East Economically Underdeveloped? Journal of Economic Perspectives 18:3, Summer 2004. Levi, Margaret. Of Rule and Revenue. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Migdal, Joel. State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another (Cambridge U. Press, 2001). Mitchell, Timothy. The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics, American Political Science Review 85:1 (March 1991), 77-96. Nettl, J.P. The State as a Conceptual Variable. World Politics, 20: 4 (July 1968), 559-92.

6 North, Douglass. Structure and Change in Economic History. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Olson, Mancur. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. Scott, James C. Seeing Like A State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Tilly, Charles. Coercion, Capital and European States AD 990-1990. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1990. DEMOCRACY AND DEMOCRATIZATION Acemolu, Daron and James Robinson. A Theory of Political Transitions. American Political Science Review, 95 (September 2001), 649661. Boix, Carles. Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Collier, Ruth. 1Paths Toward Democracy: The Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South America. Cambridge: Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, 1999. Linz, Juan, and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Lipset, Seymour Martin. Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy, American Political Science Review, 53:1(March 1959) 69-105. ODonnell, Guillermo, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Eds. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Southern Europe, Vol.1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. ODonnell, Guillermo, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Eds. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America, Vol. 2. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. ODonnell, Guillermo, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Eds. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, Vol. 3. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. ODonnell, Guillermo, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Eds. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, Vol. 4. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

7 Olson, Mancur. Dictatorship, Democracy and Development. APSR (1993) American Political Science Review, 87:3 (Sep., 1993) 567-576. Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market; Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Przeworski, Adam and John Sprague, Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Putnam, Robert D. "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games." International Organization, 42 (Summer 1988): 427-460. Weingast, Barry. R. The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law. American Political Science Review, 91 (1997): 245-63. AUTHORITARIANISM Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Schocken, 1951. Brownlee, Jason. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson, and James D. Morrow. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003. Collier, David, Ed. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Geddes, Barbara. Authoritarian Breakdown: Empirical Test of a Game Theoretic Argument. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association: Atlanta, 1999. Gandhi, Jennifer. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Linz, Juan J., and Alfred Stepan, Eds. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Linz, Juan J. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000 [1978]. Magaloni, Beatriz. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, 2006. ODonnell, Guillermo. Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism. Berkeley: IIS Publications, 1973.

8 Wintrobe, Ronald. The Political Economy of Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998 POLITICAL ECONOMY: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. (2001). Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation, American Economic Review, 91 (5), 1369-1401. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James Robinson. Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117 (November 2002) 12311294. Almond, Gabriel, and J. Coleman, Eds. The Politics of the Developing Areas. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960. Bates, Robert. Prosperity and Violence: the Political Economy of Development. New York: Norton, 2001. Barro, Robert J. Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Cambridg: The MIT Press, 1997. Cardoso, Fernando Enrique and Enzo Faletto. Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. Collier, Ruth and David Collier. Shaping the Political Arena; Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Easterly,William. The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Gerschenkron, Alexander. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. New York: F. Praeger, 1965. Gourevitch, Peter. The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics. International Organization, 32:4. (1978), 881-912. Hirschman, Albert O. The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82:1 (February 1968), 2-32. Kohli, Atul, Ed. The State and Development in the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. 1Kohli, Atul. State-directed Development: Political Power And Industrialization In The Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

9 Lerner, Daniel. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Glencoe: Free Press, 1958. North, Douglass. C. Institutions and Economic Growth: An Historical Introduction. World Development, 17:9 (1989) 1319-1332. Frieden, Jeffry and David Lake, Eds. International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global Power and Wealth. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991. Ross, Michael. Does Oil Hinder Democracy? World Politics, 53:3 (2001) 325-361. Stokes, Susan Carol, Ed. Public Support for Market-Oriented Reforms in New Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Rise and future Demise of the World Capitalist System. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 16:4 (1974): 387-415. POLITICAL ECONOMY: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Alesina, Alberto and Nouriel Roubini with Gerald Cohen. Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997. Alt, James E. and Kenneth Shepsle, Eds. Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Boix, Carles. Political Parties, Growth and Equality: Conservative and Social Democratic Economic Strategies in the World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Garrett, Geoffrey. Partisan Politics in the Global Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Esping-Andersen, Gsta. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990. Hall, Peter A. and David Soskice, eds. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Iversen, Torben. Contested Economic Institutions: The Politics of Macroeconomics and Wage Bargaining in Advanced Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Mares, Isabela. The Politics of Social Risk: Business and Welfare State Development, 2003. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Persson, Torsten and Guido Tabellini. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000.

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Rogowski, Ronald. Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. Simmons, Beth A., Frank Dobbin and Geoffrey Garrett, The Global Diffusion of Markets and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. PARTIES AND ELECTORAL SYSTEMS Boix, Carles. Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies. American Political Science Review, 93:3 (September 1999) 609-624. Cox, Gary W. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Duverger, Maurice. Political Parties, Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State..London: Methuen, 1954. LaPalombara, Joseph, and Myron Weiner, Eds. Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. Lijphart, Arend. Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Lipset, Seymour Martin and Stein Rokkan. Party Systems and Voting Alignments: CrossNational Perspectives. New York: Free Press, 1967. Rogowski, Ronald. Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions." International Organization, 41, Spring 1987. Sartori, Giovanni. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Shugart, Matthew and John Carey. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Taagepera, Rein, and Matthew Soberg Shugart. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. Tsebelis, George. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. INSTITUTIONS Bates, Robert, et al. Analytic Narratives. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

11 North, Douglass and Barry Weingast, "Constitutions and Commitment," Journal of Economic History, (1989) 803- 832. March, J. G. and J. P. Olsen. The New institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life. The American Political Science Review 78:3 (1984) 734-749. Pierson, Paul. Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics, American Political Science Review, 94:1 (June 2000), 251-267. Posner, Daniel. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Steinmo, Sven, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, Eds. Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Wilkinson, Steven. Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. NATIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLITICS Fearon, James D. and David Laitin. 1996. ``Explaining Ethnic Cooperation.'' American Political Science Review 90:4 (December 1996) pp. 715-35. Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Malden: Blackwell Pub., 2005. Glazer, Nathan, and Daniel P. Moynihan, Eds. Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975. Goodwin, Jeff. No Other Way Out. States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Horowitz, Donald. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Laitin, David, Identity in Formation : the Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998. Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. Smith, Anthony. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. BREAKDOWN OF THE STATE AND VIOLENCE Bates, Robert. When Things Fall Apart: State Failure in Late-Century Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

12 Bayart, Jean-Francois, Ellis, Stephen and Hibou, Beatrice. The Criminalization of the State in Afric. Oxford: International African Institute in association with J. Currey; Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1999. Boix, Carles. Economic Roots of Civil Wars and Revolutions. World Politics, 60:3 (April 2008): 390-437. Doyle, Michael and Nicholas Sambanis. International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis. American Political Science Review, 94:4 (Dec 2000): 779801 Fearon, James and David Laitin Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War. American Political Science Review 97:1 (February 2003), 75-90. Fortna, Page. Does Peacekeeping Work? Shaping Belligerents' Choices After Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. Goldstone, Jack A. Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. Hellman, Joel. Winner Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions. World Politics 50:2 (January 1998) 203-234.
Kaldor, Mary. New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (2nd Ed.). Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2007.

Kuran, Timur. "Now out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989," World Politics 44 (October 1991): 7-48. Kalyvas, Stathis. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Lohmann, Susanne. Dynamics of Informational Cascades: the Monday Demonstrations in Leipzig, East Germany, 1989-1991. World Politics, 47 (October 1994): 42-101. Londregan, John and Keith Poole. Poverty, The Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power. World Politics, 62 (January 1990), 151-183. Page, Jeffrey. Agrarian Revolution. New York: Free Press, 1978. Petersen, Roger. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Popkin, Samuel. The Rational Peasant: the Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979. Posen, Barry. The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict. Survival 35 (Spring 1993) 2747.

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Scott, James. The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. Solnick, Steven. Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999 Weinstein, Jeremy. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Wolf, Eric. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. B. REGIONS Faculty in the Georgetown U. Government Departments comparative field have particular expertise in the following regions: i. Latin America ii. Europe iii. Russia and Eurasia iv. North Africa, the Middle East, and the Muslim World The syllabi for courses offered by the Government Department and the School of Foreign Service augment the reading lists for these regions. Students with a strong interest in Subsaharan Africa, East Asia, and other areas should consult with the field chair regarding appropriate courses and material.