The Art of Go Series:

Volume Two
Capturing Stones
Wu Dingyuan and Yu Xing
Editor - Everett Thiele
Originally published by the People's Athletic
Publishing Co., China, under the title of Measures
Following Capture
All rights reserved according to international law. This book and
any parts thereof may not be reproduced in print or
electronically without written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 1 - 889554 - 17 - 0
Editing, layout, and diagrams by Everett Thiele
Proof Assistance - David Dows, John Lamping, and Steve Plate
Translated by Dr. Sidney W.K. Yuan
And it came to pass at midnight that the LORD struck all the firstborn
in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his
throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all
the firstborn of livestock.
Exodus 12:29
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Table of Contents
Preface- 3
Chapter 1- Under the Stones (ishi-no-shita) 5
Problems 1-32
Chapter 2- Oversized Eyes (nakade) 69
Problems 33-65 .
Chapter 3- Other Techniques 135
Problems 66-91
Index and Glossary- 189
2
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
Preface
In go there are various capturing techniques which require
sacrificing stones. Most beginners fail to see these moves. Even
advancedplayers might overlookthemif they don't pay attention.
Masteringthese techniques equips aplayer with powerful weapons
for both attack anddefense. In addition, the training in visualization
that we get by studying these tactical finesses will serve us in
good stead even in more straightforward positions.
Generally, there are the following three kinds of sacrifice
techniques, each of which is devoted a chapter:
1) Under the Stones (Ishi-no-shita)- This spectacular technique
involves allowing your opponent to make a seemingly decisive
capture in order to set up a recapture, thereby forming an eye,
taking territory or forcing ko.
2) Killing Oversized Eyes (Nakade)- With this technique you
also sacrifice some stones in order to then make a placement at the
vital point inside the resulting oversized eye. In most cases this
reduces the nakade to only one eye, but in certain positions you
can convert the whole nakade into a single false eye. You are no
doubt familiar with such unsettled shapes as the pyramid-four,
bulky-five and flowery-six. However, if the defender's position
has certaindefects, you can even sacrifice larger shapes which are
related to these basic patterns.
3) Other Sacrifice Techniques- Concerning various ways of
using throw-ins to force your opponent into shortage of liberties
or make false eyes.
This book provides thorough training in the three types of
techniques listed above. By working through the following
reading problems, you can practice these skills and improve your
level of play.
3
4
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
Chapter 1
Under the stones (Ishi-no-shita)
Problem 1
Black to play
H ~
~ ~ . (5

....
CanBlack kill this white
comer group?
5
H6
r t ~
~ 2 ~
IloqQ
8 :"T'
, ~
~ ~ re:
~
.s:
( X
xT
6
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black's throw-in
and atari at 1 and 3 force White to
connect and lose an eye. Black then
turns at 5, letting White capture three
black stones by wedging inat 6. Black
feeds one more stone at 7, and ifWhite
resists by capturing with 8...
White 4 connects at 1
Continuation- ...Black takes two
white stones with 9, breaking the eye
and killing the group.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 2
White to play
.. ~ .....
111111' .... '... 11'111111'
~ ~ ' r ' " ...
,.J.;.TY 111111'
- ...
Canthe surroundedwhite
stones make life?
7
The An of Capturing Stones
-


.@@
')

...

XC
r
I
10
CorrectAnswer- Blackhas no choice
but to widen his eye space with 1, and
block at 3, making an eye. White
expects Black to respond to the throw-
in at 6 by capturing, but instead Black
connects at 7, lettingWhite capture six
stones.
6 throws in at 4, 8 captures at 2
Continuation- Black clips off two
stones with 9, making a second eye.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 4
White to play
,....
:: ..
Ill. )..,.-:.r: ":l..
\--
...."


0

):<''lII1I'......
s

\
,
At first glance, Black
looks alive. However,
White can kill by playing
under the stones.
11
Continuation- Black has hoped to
make life by capturing the four white
stones, but white 11 finishes off the
entire group.
Correct Answer- The atari at white 1
is inevitable, but the descent to white 3
is an exquisite play, forcing Black to
descend to 4. White then destroys an
eye with 5 and Black is dead. IfBlack
tries to resist by capturing the three
white stones with 8, White increases
the sacrifice with 9.
12
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 5
Black to play
~ -
~ . I ~
- < ~ ~
K ) = ~
~
y
~
\"j
It looks like Black only
has one eye in the comer.
How should Black play
in order to live?
13
The Art of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques
feOJ( )( X-
o. ;;
A
'X
6
x
~
)
1 r--{
x x ,/
.;;,;; ::=::
'1!l2
@8a
;:=;
~ ~
y
A
I Y
I T
14
Correct Answer- Black thrusts at 1
and plays atari at 3. White 2 and 4 are
forced. With the moves from 5 to 14,
White captures four black stones.
Continuation- Black plays under the
stones with 15, making life by killing
six white stones. If white 6 in the
previous diagram is played at 7, Black
plays at 6 forming a seki.
Problem 6
White to play
'"
-,
\..../
~
.X
A
......
''11II11''
:!TT
'Y
How can White make use
of the under-the-stones
technique to kill Black?
15
The Art of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques
cell)() X
oe iii
,J-
;=::;;=; '!! 'x
(6)(
(UX )l I(
;:=:
)-H
t ; ~
~
l't) 2
~
~
'r
A
I Y
I T
14
Correct Answer- Black thrusts at I
and plays atari at 3. White 2 and 4 are
forced. With the moves from 5 to 14,
White captures four black stones.
Continuation- Black plays under the
stones with 15, making life by killing
six white stones. If white 6 in the
previous diagram is played at 7, Black
plays at 6 forming a seki.
Problem 6
White to play
.....
.....
,/ .....
~
'X
l.....4 .. ,I' .....
"1III1l"
:!TT
'Y
How can White make use
of the under-the-stones
technique to kill Black?
15
The Art of Capturing Stones
..... ,
-<>:'-./
.J---
-I-l
~ ~ Y L .
)-1-->-
)--
.:=:.:=: ::.::
~ : : :: ~ 5)(f)l
t( )--
'-lJWl flW7 ~
"
Correct Answer- The attachment at
white 1is the vital point, forcing Black
tohaneat 2. Through 8, Black captures
four white stones .
Continuation- White 9 is played un-
der the stones to kill Black.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 7
White to play
...
~
~ ...
IOH
.. .... ..
.. ...
II'
16
Black is gambling that
White won't know how
toparry themarkedtricky
placement. White has to
play under the stones to
live.
17
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
18
)( )XX )( )
.......
Correct Answer- The connection at
white 1 and the cut at black 2 are both
necessary. White 3 is a tesuji. When
Black plays atari with 4, White feeds
one more stone, forming an under-the-
stones shape to make life.
Tricked- If White plays 3 here
instead, Black has the tesuji at 4. If
White captures the two black stones,
Black throws back in at the marked
stone killing the white group.
' .....

-(?C?y-

1'111
- ,-/'

......
..... 'l1li"
T
lIIIl
.,
Problem 8
Black to play
This doesn't look like an
easy group to kill, but with
a little imagination and
thought it can be done.
White may have abundant
eye space, but there are
some glaring weak points
to aim at.
19
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
..... )til(

(2 il
\)(
61
=::ll!:
6(
'Ill

(8)(
r
......
::.: ......
'Ill'"
'lIP
'Ill'"
20
Correct Answer- The placement of
black I is at the vital point. The
subsequent moves are White's strong-
est defence, but after the capture with
white 8...
Continuation- ...Black can atari at 9,
killing White.
_tQC

1-4.( ""
n.x
....\. .IIi .;=::
'IIl1I")=<
""'-
./ \.
Problem 9
White to play
There are some unsettling
defects in Black's shape.
The question is: how can
White take advantage of
them?
21
I I I I
Correct Answer- White 1 occupies
the vital point. If Black blocks at 2,
White plays a diagonal move at 3. The
connection at black4 is forced. White
feeds in stones with 5 and 7, allowing
the black capture at 8.
Continuation- White plays atari at 9.
Black fails to t2rm two eyes and is
dead.
Failure- If White uses 3 to cut here
instead, Black takes away a white
liberty with 4. After the atari at white
5, Blackstarts ako with 6and 8. White
has failed.
Failure- IfWhite captures the marked
stone, Black makes a hanging
connection at 2. With the moves to
8,White tries to pull somethingoff, but
Black has effective counters.
5 connects at the marked stone
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 10
White to play
)()()()-
J
X: --411.
~ H ,......
'11II
.-
999
4
At first glance Black
looks alive. What's the
best result Whitecanget?
Variation- If Black connects at 2 in
reply to White's placement at 1, White
draws backto 3. Resisting with 4 to 12
is futile. After the hane of white 13, it
is all too clear that Black has failed.
r-r-r-
r-r-r
r- r-r
f-f-
x x ,.l
?< I I I
1
3
5
7
~ I I I
r<!1lI+-t--+--11-+-++
r- 1H-t--t-1-+-+-l-
22
23
The An ofCapturing Stones
24
xxx}-
1"\.

I-<"'x X1tP
T T T 1'3
X)( V-
Correct Answer- White can force a
ko, while giving Black an opportunity
to slip up. The clamp of white I is the
correct move. Black plays atari at 2
and White plays a counter-atari start-
ing a ko for the life of the black group.
Suicide- If Black resists with 2 here,
white jumps in at 3, forcing Black to
cut at 4. Through 10, Black captures
four white stones, but White can play
back in at 7 killing Black uncon-
ditionally.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 11
White to play


.-
.. ,..
"III
11"...

'11II
1IlI'''III1IlI'
-'
The white group in the
comeronly seemstohave
one eye. Is there some
way to make life?
25
The Art ofCapturing Stones
J. J.
;:Q
',:AJ- <
.. .

':!!)t'(3J
..

.. '"
26
Correct Answer- White ataris at I
and 3. Black can start a ko with 4 for
the life of the white group.
Variation- If Black resists with 4
here, White extends to5 forcing Black
tohane at 6. With the moves from 7
through 12, Black captures four white
stones. White plays back in at the
marked stone making life.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 12
Black to play
.. ..
.. '"
Hj(yy

TT1TT
What measures should
Blackadopt tokill White?
27
....
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 13
Black to play

)(
<VrXlx
)(

eX)

":jjj
0 .......
-
..
H)()(X
l ..,.
-
28
Correct Answer- The atari of black
1 and the extension to 3 are brilliant.
White is forced to descend to 4. Black
connects at 5 forming an under-the-
stones shape.
Continuation- After White captures
the six black stones, Black can play
back in at 9. White has only one eye
and is dead.
Failure- The order of moves is
important. Black 1 here leads to ko.
White can get a seki by capturing the
stone at 1 and connecting there.
........
'- Q4'-
.-

Can Black make life in
the comer? Although it
may look hopeless, one
can apply the under-the-
stones technique.
29
X8 .. 8
- .(Y') 2
I I
I
x .u
?l" tea
wa
l4a
><
'r )0
~
I I
X2 .4
~
IIlii
~ ~
>c
>c
3
*
I
30
The Art of Capturing Stones
CorrectAnswer- Black plays atari at
1. White turns at 2 and Black captures
at 3. By extending to 4, White
overlooks the possibility of Black
playing under the stones. After black
5, White is forced to play atari at 6.
Black connects at the marked stone
with 7 forming one eye. When White
captures at 8...
7 connects at t!.temarked stone
Continuation- ...Black plays back in
at 9, capturing five white stones and
making life.
Failure- If Black uses 7 to first
capture the 4 white stones, White has
the tesuji placement at 8 to kill Black.
Variation- If White plays atari at 2
instead, Black forms an eye at 3 while
reducing White's liberties. For White
to capture with 4 is futile, as Black can
play back in at the marked stone.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 14
White to play
... ...
Can White can make a
nuisance of the single
stone behind Black's
lines?
31
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
. .
...
'"
: 3
::=:
5
x;:;:
1).

tc
.... ...
HlllJ---+-+-I-+-+--+-+-
H "",,>-+-+--+--t--t-+-+-
l Il

LC)-L-.l-..L......L-.l-..L......L-.L..
32
Correct Answer- With the moves
from 1to 5 White forms an under-the.
stones shape. Through 10, Black
captures four white stones.
9 at the marked stone
Continuation- White plays back in
at 11, starting a ko for the 6 black
stones.
....
'Il ....
it.
'Il'"

III'
011I'

rQ-..... " III'
T"
'"
Problem 15
Black to play
Despite the appearance
that White is alive on the
left, Black can still kill
this group.
33
(6)(8)(
The An of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer. Blackfirst attaches
at L The block at white 2 is forced.
Black 3 and 5 set up a clever sacrifice.
After White captures with 8..
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 16
White to play
34
Continuation- ...Black plays in at 9,
killing White.
I
A
~ Q
)(J(\ r'
k>-
lo
y
What happens if the lone
white stone in the comer
is set into motion?
35
Problem 17
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques

III
.... 'III'"
.;.-
--.
.,
.... ..
'III""'>=<
...... ><
'III!" "-
)l X )(
-
Continuation- ...White plays in at
17 turning the tables on Black.
The Art of Stones
1 ....

.x
X X

I White turns at 3, Black hanes at

x x x x A
V-I- 4. White hanes as well. When
k)- Black connects at 6, White forms
a bulky-five with 7. Black falls
for White's trap with the hane
at 8.Through 16, Black captures
three white stones, but...
5 'I cke - WhIte I sets a trap for
3 lJWm<9 I). I Black. Black blocks at 2. When
.: 7 J5Jt

X X X )
Wk>
Correct Answer- Black should give
up the corner area with the diagonal
move at 8. Through 12, Black makes
life for part of the group.
Failure- If White extends at 1, black
2 attaches at the 'belly' of White's
stones making miai of a and b.
37
It looks as if Black has
ample eye space in the
corner. Let's see how
White proceeds to kill
Black.
Also Correct- The diagonal play
at 1 also takes the corner but is
lacking in guile. With the moves
up to 8, Black makes life for part
of the group.
r-
x X X

36
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
mll)(9
-
::::=: '-:r:
e-3)(5)(
~ ~ "'!I! =
( 1 3 ) ~ +
.. ::x::
1-4 I
~
~
Correct Answer- White clamps at 1
before hopping to 3 and connecting at
5. These are calculated moves. The
cut at white 7 is crucial. Through 14,
Black captures five white stones, but
to no avail.
Problem 18
White to play
-
15 ataris at 3
'111I"......
....
~
~
~
-<X\&'-I---jl--l--+--+-I--+---+-+-+-+-++-+--t-l
H,
Failure- IfWhite attaches underneath
with 1, Black makes lifebyexchanging
2 for 3, and reinforcing at 4.
~
... A
.oil
)<
"II
><
~ I!!"
~ x X X"
Without careful conside-
ration, White might not
live here.
38
39
I

.-r-tI.-+-+-I-
Problem 20
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques

(Jt tC
ITT
Continuation- Black makes the
placement at 8, planning to cap-
ture four white stones in a
snapback. This would be a
devastating move if White
couldn't form an eye by
descending to 9. When Black
throws in at 10, White reduces
Black's liberties at II. After Black
captures the four white stones
with 12, White plays in at the
marked white stone, capturing
three black stones and making
life. The entire black corner is
dead.
The Art of Capturing Stones
I
13 at the marked stone
....l J...J. Correct Answer- White forms a
()( l. bulky-five with I, reducing Black
'xl-"- to only one eye. This is a
l t(",5,,-,_I-H X X)l l-.... calculated move. Through 7,
to: H-{ T White captures four black stones.
El
:::=:
It seems trivial for Black
to make life in the comer.
However, one little slip-
up and Black might be in
for a nasty surprise.
42 43
I I

1_
4.('
.er
o.c
(8)
)(

I I

Ht0
H,r
Ill.r

J-ey
.iii
a'"

The Art of Capturing Stones
CorrectAnswer- The atari at black 1
is inevitable. After White's extension
to 2, the connection at 3 is a well
thought-out move. White puts up stiff
resistance, but after capturing with 12,
Black plays 13 in at the marked black
stone making life.
11 at the marked white stone
13 at the marked black stone
Failure- In the previous diagram, if
Black captures four white stones with
11, White makes the tesuji place-
ment of 12, killing Black.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 21
White to play
06 ...L....L. ........
{500001T__
000
44
Variation- If white 4 is here
instead. Black sets up an under-
the-stones capture with 5. After
White captures at 6, Black plays
in at the marked black stone.
(Also, if Black plays 3 at 5,
White kills with white 3, black 6,
white throw-in at the marked
white stone, black 2, white 4.)
Can White pull anything
off in the comer?
45
The Art of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques
J6{'1J"T9
I-H. X 3 7
xxx x
~

; ;079 x
f-K
{)('X X Jr.Ij 9
8<5<4
-
-,....
1
f-K?
%.1'
XXXX 1
>-:1
A Q<.i}-.v
)
.... K X 1
XXX
-(?
. ~
N
f-KX
jH
xxxYli ~
~ ~
46
Correct Answer White must
exchange 1 for 2 before cutting at 3.
Black is short of liberties and
must capture a stone with 4.
Through 7, White captures four
black stones.
Continuation- Black ataris under
the stones itt 8. White feeds
one more stone at 9. Black
captures six white stones.
Continuation- Cutting immediately
at white 11is exquisite. White sqeezes,
and through 19 forces Black into a ko
fight.
17 at 11 18 at 13
Failure- White 1 here fails to kill
Black.
Failure- This white 1 doesn't work
either.
Problem 22
White to play
...L....1.....l......l..
::=::::=::. )\/
A ......, )(
~ Y J ? " 5
..... ./
"l'L?'. ....
J...l
.!
... '"
~ x
..... .. ...
...
'"
...
'"
e ~
;
How can White rescue
the the eight surrounded
stones?
A'7
"l'
II!'I
-(j)@

35. X .l'
(7- Y"
(;
f+-f1

3:
(5--

K)(
I

11..
m
K x
I
I
X
(111.-
'- I-
19?r-
K)(
etf
fIT

X
EHI
18_
(5X X
-rrc
KX
48
The Art of Capturing Stones
Answer- White hanes at 1 to probe
Black's response. Against the hanging
connectionat 2, white 3is an effective
play. Through II, White captures some
black stones and makes life using the
under-the-stones technique.
Variation- If Black blocks at 4,
White links upat5. AfterBlack'shane
at 6, White throws in at 7 forming a ko.
This ko is also a heavy burden on
Black, therefore one shouldn't rush
into it recklessly.
Reference Diagram- If Black
connects at 2, White draws back at 3.
Black has only one eye in the comer
and loses the capturing race.
Failure- If White hanes at 1, Black
jumps to 2 making miai of a and b.
White has failed.
Failure- White tries the placement at
I instead. Black blocks at 2 and
White makes a diagonal move.
Both sides block at 4 and 5
respectively. The black con-
nection at 6 makes miai of 'a'
and 'b', so White collapses.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 23
White to play
t-
k'"

t-
>=<
1Il
11'
t-
-<x ..
.411

t-

..
""
t-
..
...
t-
-Cl

.,.,. 'lilII'
...
Can White kill the black
comer group? Although
it looks quite impossible,
White might be able to
do it using the under-the-
stones technique.
49
..
'-'
'-' "'"
TI
6
I..l.
IilIEl

(4 8

,..L,.

...
.'-
II
4
1:.1.
til
2 8 Y)
.,
A

D:
I
)f<

J.
,-
F<!

l-
I-

,-
(:..,j,
,-
1..,1;
2

U= )()

I-
52
The Art of Capturing Stones
Failure- Black peeps at 1and White
extends to 2. Through white 8, White
lives in the comer by forming an un-
der-the-stones shape.
7 at 5
Answer- Peeping at 1 is the
correct answer. White blocks at
2 and Black extends to 3. White
captures at 4. Black throws-in
with 5 at 3, and White captures
at 1 with 6. When Black peeps
at 7, white 8 is a mistake. Black
plays a diagonal move at 9 linking
up to the outside. White has
been annihilated.
5 throws in at 3 6 captures at I
Variation- When Black peeps at
7, White should bump into
Black's stone at 8. When Black
pokes in at 9, White plays the
counter-atari of 10 forming a
ko.
Variation- If White connects at
2 in reply to black 1, Black
jumps in at 3. White bumps into
the black stone at 4 and Black
extends to 5. When White blocks
at 6, Black plays the severe
move at 7 killing White.
-
K. ,


)( )(
.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 25
White to play
What is White's strongest attack?
53
rr-va

I
6
..
I!ll;l(
(4 X8

2.,. I A.
f-tQ<)
..-
''''!!!'
I I
4
....
2 8 X

..'T A.
f--too "
00-
1 I
I
A
, ... 1 ....
''''I!''
X
f-<i

f--
-
52
The Art of Capturing Stones
Failure- Black peeps at 1 and White
extends to 2. Through white 8, White
lives in the corner by forming an un-
der-the-stones shape.
7 at 5
Answer- Peeping at 1 is the
correct answer. White blocks at
2 and Black extends to 3. White
captures at 4. Black throws-in
with 5 at 3, and White captures
at 1 with 6. When Black peeps
at 7, white 8 is a mistake. Black
plays a diagonal move at 9 linking
up to the outside. White has
been annihilated.
5 throws in at 3 6 captures at I
Variation- When Black peeps at
7, White should bump into
Black's stone at 8. When Black
pokes in at 9, White plays the
counter-atari of 10 forming a
ko.
Variation- If White connects at
2 in reply to black 1, Black
jumps in at 3. White bumps into
the black stone at 4 and Black
extends to 5. When White blocks
at 6, Black plays the severe
move at 7 killing White.
-


::

Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 25
White to play
What is White's strongest attack?
53
5
1
:!: ><
'iY
,
7
>< ><
x
5 1
3
.9J1
7J1.
""
":o!!
""
":o!!
X

!II
><

II"
x
54
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- White hanes at 1
and connects at 3 with a well thought-
out plan. When Black throws in at 4,
White captures at 5, allowing Black to
capture four stones in a snapback.
6 captures at 4
Continuation- White plays back in at
7. Black plays counter-atari at
8 forming- a ko.
Failure- White breaks an eye with 1.
Black hanes at 2, and through 6
captures four white stones.
Continuation- White plays atari at 7.
Black forms an eye with 8 allowing
white 9 to capture two stones.
Continuation- Black throws in at 10
making life for the group with a
snapback.
-
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 26
Black to play

'1JlX
How can Black make life
for his surrounded group?
55
Problem 27
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques
8 connects at the marked stone
9 captures at 1
Correct Answer- Black 1 is very
clever. White plays atari at 2 and
Black squeezes with3through7. White
can't connect at 1, so Black captures.
Continuation- White plays atari at
10, and Black has little choice but to
start the ko.
The An a/Capturing Stones
I I I
I I I

)-r-r-
r-
';;;,;:'.
Q-r-r-
r- )-r-r-
H
-
)2

H ..
Ka-


Reference Diagram- If White
connects at 2 inreply to black 1. Black
plays atari at 3. Through the capture at
black 7, White can't connect and Black
lives unconditionally.
Failure- If Black plays atari at 1here
instead, White plays a counter-atari at
2. The throw-in at 4 puts an end to
black's misery.
What's the status of the
black comer?
56
57
Problem 28
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques
Correct Answer- White I is an
exquisite placement. Black blocks at 2
and White extends to 3. Through 12,
Black captures four white stones.
The An of Capturing Stones
fuH11 I 5)(9JCFJ
"'"
3)11)
-t-+-+--H?"'.

"
Continuation- White plays back in at
13, forcing Black to forma ko with 14.
Note the role played by Black's
shortage of outside liberties.
--
I IA
j
..-:
.,
J
. '.
Is the white group dead
or alive?
58 59
The Art ofCapturing Stones
Correct Answer- The extension at
black 1is sharp. After White throws in'
at 2, Black captures at 3 and connects!
at 5, allowing White to capture four:
stones with 6.
-
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 29
White to play
... .. lIlilt..A
':it!. .
.....
..
,. ".
'>!.
~ .
><
K '''II'
./
,/
,.I
6 captures at 2
Continuation- Black plays atari at 7,
forcing White toforma ko with 8. The
fate of the comer depends on the
outcome of the ko.
~ ' - K X X X X
rOrQO
411<. X XS>< )(
e8!i w}J--.1-+-
1.1'( X)( nr
Variation- If white 2 here, Black
removes a liberty at 3 and White is
dead. Consider how the status of
White's group would change if there
were one more outside liberty.
What's the status of this
black group?
60
61
The An of Capturing Stones
9 rr+-+-+-
WXJX
T -X-
I
'1
lit.
,J-
,...
)<
I
I
<
=:
J()
)('"
Correct Answer- The turn at 1 and
placement at 3 reduce Black to one
eye. Up to the connection at White 9,
an under-the-stones shape is formed.
Although Black captures four White
stones...
10 captures at 6
Continuation- White plays atari at 11
forcing Black into a disadvantageous
ko,
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 30
Black to play
r-
.....
<III'"
11'.
... ... .,
"\
'11II"><
,'Ill
:
><
j,.
II'
r 4 ~ ) Q t
....
~ ~
... '11II ....
'11III11"
r=
''Ill

How healthy is this white

group?
,....,....-
In 1;" 5
A
Ul 1.....
P'''x
;:0:; .::
;><

X )I X
11

Kfi
...
,J-

.. '"
x
y
<
k5
XX X
62
The An of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The turn at 1 and
placement at 3 reduce Black to one
eye. Up to the connection at White 9,
an under-the-stones shape is formed.
Although Black captures four White
stones...
10 captures at 6
Continuation- White plays atari at 11
forcing Black into a disadvantageous
ko,
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 30
Black to play
?
i(
.....

""'>=: ....J
III"
... >::: '..
III"

.
..
.. ",
""''r
!III"
UU
1

Howhealthyis this white

group?
63
....
"IIIII'
)(
..
'>f< ,..
..
'::<'
X
ti
..
@O ,..
....
.81 2 ;:
i.
Problem 31
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques


1 )( , ...
"
H

H O ..
r" "IIIII'
.'
-- Correct Answer- Black plays at
threatening to throw in at 2. This is
exquisite move. If White connes
Black breaks an eye with 3. Throu
12 White captures four stones.
12 captures at 8
Continuation- Black plays in at 1
and White plays counter-atari, starti
a ko. White has the marked internal
threat, so there is some hope.
x .......
.....
Is is possible to cause any
trouble inside the white
group?
64
65
Problem 32
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques
..
--/\
flO
~
,.
!!lI!
);;,
!:.::.
ari at
e to
ack,
Continuation- Black plays atari at 5,
forcing White to form a ko with 6.
The Art of Capturing Stones
..... '
CorrectAnswer- Black plays at
~ ~
1 and captures at 3, allowing Whit
~ X:!I!!::
capture five Blackstones in a snapb
2)(
x
~
~
x
4 captures at the marked stone )
~
~
~
H
H ~ >fC:)XO..+-t-+-
H ~ tl6
What will be the outcome
of the capturing race in
the comer?
66
The Art of Capturing Stones


X)
68
CorrectAnswer- Thedescent toBlack
1 is a calm move. White has only the
diagonal move at 2. Through 6, White
captures six stones.
6 captures at 2
Continuation- Black plays back in at
7, forcing White to form a ko with 8.
Failure- Black impulsively hanes at
1. White can now throw in at 2.
Through 6, White captures six Black
stones.
Continuation- Playing in at 7 no
longer works. When White plays atari
at 8 and 10, Black cannot connect.
Black has failed.
Sacrifice Techniques
Chapter 2
Oversized Eyes (Nakade)
Problem 33
Black to play
....
H
:
.,

H
.:.'
"II"
,./ ......

...
11""
Kill the white group
mercilessly.
69
Problem 34
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques
f
o
The Art of Capturing Stones
...
CorrectAnswer- The connection at 1
"!P
is very clever. White throws-in at 2
H
~
planning to catch the black stones i
H
~
(2)l
)1)
they try to connect around the top :::=::
Black dodges to 3, allowing White t

ot
capture four stones.
"'" 0
<!>
...
::
II"
Continuation- Black occupies the
vital point at 5 and can extend to either
side turning this into a false eye. White
dies. Playing black 1 at 3 would start
ako.
What's the status of the
black group?
70
71
The An of Capturing Stones
I I I
f->0
I
A
.....,

.?"'.
:y
A1
I
~
3
09
11 T
Correct Answer- White plays atari at
1 before the hane at 3. These are well
thought-out moves. Through 10,Black
captures four white stones.
5 captures at 1 7 connects at 4
10 captures at the marked stone
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 35
Black to play
I I I I
~ ) . x)
I
A
.....,
, ~ ? " ' .
:y
Q-4.
I
~ ~ .)
I I
Continuation- The white placement
at 11 kills Black.
Is the white group alive?
'Ill 11I' ....
.. ..
Failure- If white 7 connects on the
outside, Black captures at 8 starting a
ko. White has failed.
Failure- If White connects at 3, Black
throws in at 4 making life by capturing
four white stones.
I I I
TfT I
I I I I
=f.rx5H-+
I
-t-++-t--
>-._ILJ:OH-+-I---+-
'T'I YY I I
x X
~ . """ yH-+-I---+-
i3 1 I
72
73
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques

-J\..,
"!!!' '>.<
)(
'>.< )ft
'>.< t(
___ .....)0(
74
Correct Answer- The capture at
black 1 is inevitable. When White
plays atari at 2, Black cleverly feeds
one more stone. White caplUresfour
stones with 4.
Continuation- Black makesilieplace_
ment at 5. Resistance by \\'hire is
futile. Through the throw-in at II
White is unconditionally '
9 plays in at 7
10 connects at the marked stone
......


....
it 0
0
0
Problem 36
Black to play
How's the well-being of
the white group?
75
The An of Capturing Stones
(2)l

( X X
l4K

)(
l
l )( )(
L.::i:C
76
White Fails- The attachment of black
1 strikes the vital point. The atari of
white 2 is a mistake. Black links up at
3. Through 6 White captures four
black stones. Black throws-in at 1
with 7, killing White.
7 throws-in at 1
Correct Answer- White must throw
in at 2 here. After the capture at black
3, White plays hane at 4. White can
make life in the comer by winning the
ko.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 37
Black to play

..
....II"
..
.,
Canthewhitegroupwith-
stand a black attack?
77
The Art ofCapturing Stones
~

eO.
_ X2)
rr:
~
~ Q 4 t
~ I I ' "
...
- ")
'!!!!'.l
X1l1
~ I
.r
_\ X)
~
><
~ .
.oil
""
78
Correct Answer- The extension to
black 1 is exquisite. When White
plays atari at 2, Black hanes at 3,
allowing White to capture four stones
at 4.
Continuation- The black placement
at 5 was the idea behind the sacrifice at
1. With the moves through black 7,
White is unconditionally dead.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 38
White to play
......
It looks like White has
enough eye space to make
life, but Black can still kill.
The descent of the marked
black stone is very
effective.
79
The An of Capturing Stones
.....
")
Correct Answer- The extension to

black 1 is a sharp play. After white 2

)
x
and 4, Black keeps up the pressure
6 111
x x
with 5. After the forcing sequence to
8 I
Il
12, White captures five stones. (Black
..
;:0:;
should not be satisfied with playing 5
........
1(1
,..,. 1(4
at 6 and only pickingoff a few stones.)
->
::.e)l it
)lot
.... ..L.
.....

::.ex
)(

)( r
"II"
>: >2
II"
a )
""",I-
,

80
Continuation- Black plays back in at
13, making rniai of 'a' and 'b'. White
is dead.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 39
White to play


I( X
X ....

..... ./
0-
I--
Can White kill the black
corner?
81
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
J..::::
--I--+--JHo+Q-
-1--+--+--+--+--+-/-H-
1
,
-1-+--<>-(-<)': 1)( Y

T
82
Correct Answer- The atari at white I
is the vital move. Blacksacrifices one
more stone at 2, trying to confuse the
opponent. With the moves through 7,
Black captures six white stones.
4 throws in at the marked stone
5 captures at 2
8 captures at the marked stone
Continuation- White plays back in at
9, killing Black.
Problem 40
Black to play
....
.... -.".-
.. ....
...
,. .,,.

.. ..... .... ..-.
,. .,,.
"-60 .,
, .
.. ..
"Ill
"..
. .....'" .
"Ill
Ill"
,.
....
....
...'
...,.
.,..
How can Black kill the
white group?
83
The Art of Capturing Stones
84
-T
)(.-
....
Correct Answer- Black connects at I
and White naturally throws in at 2.
Black 3sacrifices 7black stones. White
captures with 4. (Black 3 at 4, giving
White a snapback-capture also works,
though the variations are more
complicated.)
Continuation- The placement at black
5 makes miai of 'a' and 'b', thus White
is dead. IfWhite plays at 'c', black 'a'
is good enough.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 41
Black to play
..........
ijoo "'--l-+-+-+-+-+-t-f--+-+-t---t---t-t

)

...... .,
Can this white group be
killed?
85
I
The Arl ofCapturing Stones
I ..
)., I'll'
C).+.--l-4-_+-+-+-+-+-
I
r
(- "'III"
..
~
~
'III
)(
.tore
(S.
)(J(
~ ~ 6
I
r
6"" ...
( E:
...
86
Correct Answer- The extension at
black 1is inevitable. Through 5, Black
captures five white stones.
Continuation- White plays back in at
6. Black plays at 7 and White captures
the four black stones with 8.
Continuation- Black plays atari at 9,
forcing White to form a ko with 10.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 42
Black to play

~ 6 ~
:A.....
.\ ,.
--
. c M
.....
..
~
What's the status of the
white group?
The Art of Capturing Stones
------
rr 6)QDl 2 '!!!!' ,y
H x )8(4lM.04'->.-
H)lll)()()(
..
- "4)8--
'
(6)j X )II 2 ).... 1-
4ne
....
88
Correct Answer- Black plays a dia-
gonal move at 1. White throws in at 2.
Through 8, White captures three black
stones. However, Black can recapture
at 9, giving White a false eye.
8 captures at 2, 9 captures at 1
Variation- If white 2 is played here
instead, Black happily connects at 3.
Through the placement at 7, Black
easily kills White.

...

II'
...
H .C?9


Sacrifice Techniques
Problem43
White to play
How can White kill the
black group?
89
I
CX ) X
c_ I(
...
T>t
).
~ H
>c
iii
~
7 W,
0 1)(
'9'
(Y
~
A
6).
~

1311
.c
0
(y )(
(-
A
l ~
,..l
~
>c
...
~ FS
)(
)I
...
...
1)t !J
1-1-
~ ~
" 'r

'r
90
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The combination
of 1 and 3 displays keen judgement.
When Black then cuts off a stone with
4, White's descent to 5 is the perfect
follow-up. Black connects at 6, and
White feeds a stone with 7. With 8 to
12 Black captures three white stones,
but...
12 at 8
Continuation- ...Black's shape is
flawed. White captures at 13 killing
Black.
Failure- White jumps in at 1 and
black connects at 2. Through the cap-
ture at 8, Black lives easily.
Failure- If White plays atari at 1,
Black forms a ko at 2.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 4
Black to phi
Is the white group alii
or dead?
i 2
IfJ

6 4X X
rr- ~ r-
w x r ) ~ 1 -
(11()()()
I
-
8 6
fi

2)(
4X X
)(
~
211(6
~ 4X X
{)til )(
.,.
92
The Art ofCapturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black's extension
at 1, feeding one more stone, is the key.
Through 8, White captures four black
stones.
Continuation- Black plays in at 9
threateninga snapback. Whiteis forced
to initiate a ko with 10.
Variation- If white 2 here, Black
plays atari at 3. The end result is the
same as in the previous diagram.
9 at the marked stone
Failure- Jumping to black I is a
mistakebecauseWhite hastheeffective
throw-in at 2. After the atari at 6 it is
clear that White has made life cleanly.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 45
White to play
Black has neglected to
reinforce this side group.
How can White punish
hi
?
m.
93
Problem 46
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques
rQ :'
....
o o ~ ~ ~
..
.,...
.. ...'11I"
rOO.
..
.,
~ ~ t ..
...
...... .. ....
.,
.. ....
'III"
Continuation- White plays back in at
11taking the vital point. Black is dead.
TheArl ofCapturing Stones
..
,; ..,
ill
:I)-
1-1- Answer- Black 2 in reply to the atari
)-""""':-
of white 1is a mistake. White crimps
~
~
down Black's eye space with the
Y'
sacrifice up to 9, feeding five stones to
~
J..r'
Black.
A.
-
)ol
...
T
T-r
Variation- The counter-atari of black
2 is correct. White captures at 3 and
Black blocks at 4. If White takes the
vital point at 5, Black starts a ko at the
marked stone. If White connects at the
marked stone, Black makes
unconditional life at 5.
What's the best local
result Black can get?
95
The An of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques

...
2)_
'"
ro
X
;=:
..

H tr
..
.. ..'"
CorrectAnswer- Black connects at 1
and White throws in at 2. Black 3
looks clumsy, but is actually a good
move. White captures six black stones
with 4.
4 captures at 2
Continuation- Black occupies the
vital point at 5, killing the entire white
group. In the previous diagram, if
Black starts by connecting at 2, White
throws in at 1, forming ko.

,..!..... '"
,............. '"
......
.....

0"
...'Il1I"
'Il
'".. r:
.....
...
'lIII'"
Problem 47
Black to play
How can Black win this
fight?
97

l ><
AAGO

.:..


100
2
The Art q[ Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The diagonal
play at 1 is brilliant. White jumps
downto 2 and Blackthrusts inat 3. Up
to the throw-in at 9, the whitecomeris
killed.
9 throws in at 1
Failure- Turning at black 1 is a
mistake. White tbrusrsatz, then throws
inat4and6. Blackfailstoconnectand
White lives.
Fallura, TfBlackbegins with the hane
at 1, White blocks at 2. Now the
diagonal move at 3 comes too late.
White throws in at 4, and through 8, a
ko is formed.
Variation- IfBlackcaptures with 5 in
the previous diagram. White squeezes
with 6. Through the atari at 10. Black
fails to connect and White lives.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 49
Black to play
..

1"1'"


Is the white group alive?
101
6
X
8 ~
4
2 >-
~ ..
"'T
1
The Art of Capturing Stones
CorrectAnswer- The 'bungeejump'
of black 1 is a far-sighted, calculated
move. Through 8, White captures six
black stones.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 48
Black to play
~
!QQ-
~
x
~ ~
"'T
I
Continuation- The black placement
at 9 leaves White with only one eye.
White is dead.
.III
III I .. . n n ~ "

~ .. 1::
o. ' ~ I I ' ..... ~ ' "
Htl ~ I I I '
Hto ~
""
~ 1 8
JI.
...

~
6
4 2
I
I I j
I
Failure- IfBlack plays 1here, White
clamps at 2. Through white 10, the
best Black can do is start an approach-
move ko.
J' 2
"N
..
14
'T
1
Failure- The descent to black 1is no
good either. Through 6, the result is
similar to the previous diagram.
Can Black kill the white
corner?
Failure- Black 1 here is premature.
White replies by clamping at 2.
Through the atari at white 6, Black's
position is hopeless. Blackcaptures at
7 trying to form a ko. But Black isjust
wasting moves, as it is only an ap-
proach-move ko.
~
,
AN
1
..

f.l
4>r
H211
A
.,..
'T
I I
I
98
99
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 50
White to play
..... ...
..
""
..""
c"""
.. ""
x

H
-
1-1-
1-1. X )( I-
H""
.........
')01" """r........
...... ..
.,
'-'
102
Correct Answer- Black plays a
combination of hane and diagonal
move with 1 and 3, setting up a trap.
Through the capture at 8, White still
fails to form two eyes.
Continuation- After the black place-
ment at 9, White has only one real eye.

...




,
( '-

Can White capture the
black group?
103
105
104
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- White plays atari at
1and extends at 3. When Black blocks
at 4, White clamps the stone with 5.
Black captures a block of stones with
6.
Continuation- White throws in at 7
prompting black 8. The placement at
white 9 then kills the entire black
group.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 51
Black to play
.... J
.... ~ ~
\...
,...,
""1' ....
,,';;I ........
..,
........... ...
"111""111" V ~ ,...
.. ~ ...
F Q ~ , ~ ~ , . "
1-.. .
....:
It's aturmoil inthe comer.
What's the most aggres-
sive way for Black to
play?
The Art of Capturing Stones
107
I
106
Correct Answer- The connection at
black I is an inspired move. This
allows White to capture a blackgroup
from white 2 through 4.....
Continuation- ...but black 5, 7 and
9 tum the tables on White.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 52
Black to play
....
--,II'...
... ... ..
.... .,
~ :
~ .........
I
.........
~ ~ y .... 11'

It looks like the black

group in the comer is
surrounded and will die.
Can Black kill the white
group instead?
The Art ofCapturing Stones
Sacrifice Technsiques
Problem 53
White to play
..
..
-,\,
~
~ X "'<Ill ....
~ a . ~ ' \ ..
T XJO ..
CorrectAnswer- The atari at black I
is brilliant, leading to White capturing
eight stones with 8 .
8 captures at the marked stone.
Continuation- Black continues with
the placement at 9. IfWhite connects
at 10, Blackdescends to 11. The entire
white group has only one eye and is
dead.
,)-
r--
'-,../
""\
'"
.'
,,-/
~
y
A
~ ~ ~ Q .
~ Q Q Q -
y
.... -
Wlliat will be the result of
the capturing race in the
conner?
109
The Art of Capturing Stones
..
11".. lit.
.. lit.
'OlI1I"
___ lit.
t""lx .'OlI1I"
11"..
<. 'S< 'OlI1I"
M )4 tl }-H
y.,x
x
}., II
....
ii T i""
'OlI1I"
-- -
112
Correct Answer- Black cuts at 1
promptingWhite toconnect at 2. Black
cuts again with 3 and then captures
with 5. White connects at 6 and Black
reinforces at the marked stone with 7.
White captures the blackgroup with 8.
7 at the marked stone
Continuation- Black creates a 'bent
four in the corner' with the moves to
13. White is dead.
*

"'''''y
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 55
White to play
What will be the result of
the fight in the comer?
Can White kill Black?
113
I I
~
H ).,
x
H .J.
H )l
r<
><
.....
1
1
'-.:,.
114
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The placement at
white 1 is splendid, forcing Black to
tum at 2. White extends to3, prompting
Black to connect. White throws-in at
5, hanes at 7 and connects at 9. When
Black plays at 10,White forms a 'bulky
five' in the comer to kill Black.
Failure- IfWhite plays hane with 1,
Black takes the vital point at 2, and
lives unconditionally. White has failed.
....
... lilt.,.
.,
0... ...
lilt.
' , . ~ ' 1 1 1 1
..
~ ~
~
4t-k)(
)(
r ,... lIt.
... lIt.
t Q ~ r
~ . ,
'l1li .,.....
;III

...
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 56
Black to play
Can Black kill the white
group?
115
~
~ 4 A
-4
I!J(
ax
(6X x
H t(
r.:, ~
~ J . ~
11(2)(
.. '" .i!iI?'"
l ! . . . l ~
(4 )(a
H
118
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The placement at 1
strikes the vital point in this shape.
White attaches underneath and Black
extends to3. Through9, Blackreduces
White's eye space to the dead bulky-
five shape.
Variation- IfWhite bumps into Black
with 2, Black extends to 3, followed by
the descents of 4 and 5, and the hanes
of 6 and 7. White is still dead.
A
rnn;
'::::'
,'/
J ~
,./
-{to
- ,./
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 58
White to play
Find the right move to
win the capturing race in
the comer.
119
The Art of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques

I-j,:::;<
4"::-:
'2)11
::-::::ol: ::-:
8) )
I
to
.::=::=
txT
l.o(..,

H ..f-+-+-+-I--+--+--+-
( >D
...
l1li'
'III;n
II<

A::-:

I-{)(

160
Correct Answer- The placement at
black 1is correct. White plays atari at
2, and Black cuts at 3. This is a
powerful move, allowing White to
capture. Through white 8, four black
stones are in atari, but.,
Continuation- ...Black's throw-in at
9 puts White in a tough spot.
Continuation- After 13, it is obvious
that White is dead.
is


'l1li ....

",V
.-I
Problem 79
White to play
Can White kill the large
black group?
161
..II.
The Art of Capturing Stones
Problem 60
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques
r-k.l
f-C/.W-


A
y
Correct Answer- In the previous dia-
gram, White should have played a
hane inreply to the throw-in at black 3.
This forms a ko instead of allowing
Black to kill cleanly.
6 at 3
..
.....
...,

1)( X

What will be the outcome

of the capturing race in
the corner?
122
123
The Art of Capturing Stones
I
~ K)).....t..--4---+-JI-t-+-+
rY .Rr-e)H-t--+-
124
Correct Answer- White turns at 1
and Black blocks at 2. White connects
at 3 and black hanes at 5. After white
5, Black captures at 6. Black's eye
space has been reduced to the dead
bulky-five shape.
Failure- IfWhite connects at 1instead,
Black hanes andforrns ko with 2and 4.
White has failed.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 61
White to play
"...
k)--( ! ~ -(,Y
~ . ~ A
Q
..... ~ ~ r
~ 'O....y
Can White capture the
black group?
125
...
... .. ..
H X X X
'. "II
-
....

.. ... ..
'.
-
130
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black hanes at 1,
sealing in White. White plays atari at
2. Black captures a white stone with
3. When White plays atari at 4, Black
blocks at 5. Letting White connect out
would be a cowardly compromise.
White captures seven black stones by
playing 6 at the marked stone.
6 captures at the marked stone
Continuation- The black placement
at 7 kills White. Note the role the
marked stone plays in preventing
White from making a seki.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 64
White to play
-9 '\
t--
......"'.. '-,/
""

[I'
....',/


""
..
...
II' ..
"":';...
...
II' '-./
"II'..
Ill.

r-Q"
II'
Can White capture the
black group?
13
I I I I
I I I
J. J. J. J.
H)(Jl)(
128
The Art of Capturing Stones
Failure- Turning at black 1 looks
natural but is a mistake. White has no
trouble reducing Black's eye space to
the dead flowery-six shape.
Correct Answer- The jump to black
1 is the correct move to prevent White
from creating a dead nakade shape. If
White connects at 2, Black descends
to 3. Against the white cut at 4, Black
connects and plays atari on White,
making life for the group.
.....
'.
-
.. ...
"'"
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 63
Black to play
How should Blackmake
use of the ugly rectang-
ular six-stone clump?
129
Problem 64
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques
-

r9 .....
r- .. . ... 11'" '-,/'
>Qi .. Ill.'-./
K ..
...'" ... ...'llllI"-,,"'\ '-.

t-<;>..... .r
Correct Answer- Black hanes at I
sealing in White. White plays atari';
2. Black captures a white stone With
3. When White plays atari at 4, Black
blocks at 5. LettingWhite connect out
would be a Cowardly comprOmise.
White captures seven black stones by
playing 6 at the marked stone.
6 captures at the marked stone
Continuation_ The black placement
at 7 kills White. Note the role the
marked stone plays in preventing
White from making a seki.
The Art of Capturing Stones
..
"I'"
... ....
-
f--t--I I I I I I I I

.. Ill.
'11111"
"Ill.
. '111'"
""'..
"!

X.,.xN

t-t--K)
.t...
.. T
Jt .C )- H

r-t-


H
"I'"
'...
-
Can White capture the
black group?
130
131
The Art of Capturing Stones
I I I
..l..l..l
k)cx X.I
f-
...V-
I--t-
K
'1

")-
t-
.....
\!
?' ..
I ",Of-
"III
.,!"
t-
KX?-fY
r-e;>Y
132
Correct Answer- The placement at
white 1is marvelous. White connects
at the marked white stone with 11,
setting up a 7 stone sacrifice.
11 connects at the marked stone
Continuation-The placementof white
13 kills Black. Note the role that the
marked white stones play in preven-
ting Black from getting a seki.
[

"III. .. Y

rx
y
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 65
White to play
What will be the outcome
of the capturing race in
the corner?
133
134
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- White's turn at 1is
clever. Black must block at 2 and
White makes a hanging connection
with 3. Although Black can capture
the white stones in the corner, a
flowery-six shape is formed, andBlack
is dead. If White plays 1 at 3, Black
plays at 1 and lives.
Failure- If White exchanges 1 for 2
here first, Black still manages to cap-
ture the white group, but capturing one
extrastoneformsaliveshapefor Black.
If White plays 3 at 4, connecting out
his 3 stones, Black cuts one space
above 3 and lives.
Sacrifice Techniques
Chapter 3
Other techniques
Problem 66
Black to play
.. ....
.......
... ....
.......
...~ ' I I I
..
... ..
~ ~ ' ? 9 :
..'III
..
11'...
..
QQ AY
'l1li
~
r 1 YI ...
'111
..
....
What's the best result
Black can get?
135
~
~ 8 . ~
a.
~ ,
~
~ ~
136
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black gets a ko
with the attachment at 1. White jumps
to2andBlackhanesat3. When White
extends to 4, one correct response is
for Black topress along with 5. White
connects at 6 and Black captures two
stones at 7.
Continuation_ White throws in at 8
and Black creates a ko at 9.
AlsoCorrect- Playing atari withblack
5 also forms a ko. This is a more
straightforward approach.
White failure- White hanes at 2 in
reply to the attachment at black 1.
Black plays atari at 3, and after White
connects, cuts at 5 trapping two white
stones in a shortage of liberties. The
white group is unconditionally dead.
....
ij..
.4Il
K
..... 11""
~
..'III P'"
..
~ It..
~
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 67
Black to play
What's the best way to
attack the white group in
the comer?
137
1
6
8
2

-:'l'"
1
c
....
22
U
1
'"
"'"

--
....
6
8
4

I
........

tfJ< )(

(2X

1
.r IlL
I
--...

2

8""'

L:J'
I
138
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black I is the vital
point. White descends to 2 and Black
draws back at 3. This is followed by
the extension of white 4, and the block
at 5. After white 6, Black extends at 7.
White plays atari at 8, Black counter-
atari at 9, and White captures at 10.
Continuation- Black recaptures at
11. After the exchange of white 12for
black 13, a ko is formed.
Failure Black clamps at 1, inducing
white 2. The placement at black 3 is no
longer effective. Through 8, White is
alive.
Failure- If Black plays atari at 5 in
reply to the extension at 4, White
makes lifewith6, giving upfour stones.
Variation- Blocking at 2 in reply to
black 1 is a mistake. White dies with
the moves to black 9.

,! I ....

...t

-
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 68
White to play
Can White live In the
comer?
139

X)(
...
4:.1
.'W
4
..

(9)111:::.::' "'"
:x
.1
IID<S>Ie
irli Y
IIiiiI
It< X
4_'7. -{
'>=(,. 6-!-r""
x
X
)("')( V
)( ..
:::;;: %:: ::l!!!"

iii ::::"=" I'
-
- -
140
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- White first cuts at
1 in sente, then cuts at 3 and descends
to 5. The sequence is exquisite. After
White plays atari at II...
Continuation- ...Black is forced to
grip the cutting stone with 12. After
White captures at 13, Black can't
connect and White lives.
.. ..... ... .. ...

II'
I-- 'lill.
)( ,....
,..
<) ,....
H _I
...
H -Qyy.i
...
:

..,
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 69
White to play
White is to make life. Be
careful-Blackmay have
a trick up his sleeve.
141
....

... '"

. ..

03.:
........
....
..
tQ...
..
I--

)
'I.x._
':>c' 'y
H

... '"
..
J.. '"III'"
.
_JX_
142
The An of Capturing Stones
CorrectAnswer- The cut at white 1is
brilliant. Through the atari at white 9,
Black fails to connect and White lives.
Playing white 5 as a throw-in at 1
would only be helping Black.
Failure- White makes a bamboo-
joint while taking away a black liberty
with 1. Black threatens to make two
eyes with 2, then forms a flowery-six
with 4 to kill White unconditionally.
......
,..,
III

.
...
"111"
...
,.

.?I
..
'l1li
"'y

Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 70
White to play
Who will win the
skirmish in the comer?
143
...
.. _.- ..
144
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Playing in at 1 is
splendid. When Black plays atari at 2,
White descends to3. Through 12,Black
captures three stones.
Continuation- White captures three
blackstones with 13. Since blackfails
to connect out, White makes life. Note
that Black did not use 7 to throw in at
1, as is commonly done in similar
positions.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 71
Black to play
...
1
}-tQ
...

.
.,
'-,
Win the capturing race
unconditionally.
145
Problem 72
Black to play
Sacrifice Techniques
~ ~ J

~ 9
~
CorrectAnswer- Black I is at the
vital point. Black links up
underneath with 3 and connects at
5. Playing 5 at 6 would give ko.
When White plays atari at 6, black
7 allows White to capture at 8.
Continuation- The black place-
ment at 9 hits White at the new
vital point. Black wins the
capturing race by one move.
The An of Capturing Stones
HowcanBlackmakelife
in the corner?
146
147
>-rl
JtII 2X
)II x
I , ~
'I'll\.(
I I I
I I I
I I
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black I buys the
time he needs to live. White plays atari
at 2, and Black's capture at 3 forces
white 4.
Continuation- Black reinforces at 5,
making unconditional life.
~ ..
~ ~
~ ~ ..~
.....
~ , . . , ....
,.
.,.. ..'IIII1l"
'IIII1l"
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 73
Black to play
2 ~
)(
;.;:.,..'"
:-:'V\
yy
I I
I I
~
~
..
~
. ~
yyY
I I
I I
I I I
148
Variation- The connection at 2 here is
not playable. Black plays atari at 3 and
White suffers a territorial loss
compared with the correct answer.
Failure- Black plays here, capturing
the stones right off...
Continuation- White plays atari at 2.
Black is forced into a ko.
Perhaps whitehas played
too optimistically here.
149
111"......
...
on:
40 \lila.
?"'. ;:.
I
?'"
><
l
'......
...
II"
...
150
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black 1 is clever
forcing White to capture at 2. '
Continuation- Blackmakestheplace-
ment at 3. If White connects at 4
Black draws back to 5, leaving w h i ~
with only one eye.
{i
"-

""
.0.
.
,/
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 74
Black to play
Is the black group on the
side alive?
151
(XJ4t(
I ~ X
I I I
I I I
~ . . l
~ ~ t - -()
.
.. Ill.
j"",
x
:.{X v:
III
I I I
152
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black turns at 1
tempting White toplay atari at 2. When
black captures at 3, White plays atari at
4. Black's atari at 5 forces White to
capture three black stones with 6 at the
marked stone.
6 at the markedstone
Continuation- White must reinforce
at 8, allowing Black to make two eyes
with 9.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 75
Black to play
Is the white group alive?
153
154
x X)'"
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Black plays hane
at 1, then throws in at 3 and plays
atari at 5 to reduce white's eye space.
Blackthen brilliantly feeds one more
stone to white at 7. White captures
two black stones with 8.
6 connects at 3
Continuation. Black throws in at
9, destroying White's second eye.
White is dead.
.J.....I..A
~ ' ~
Ht><
K) ",
...
... ..... .. .II
...
11"'''' II'"
...,..
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 76
White to play
Can White make life in
the corner?
155
The Arl of Capturing Stones
(7H--+-+-1--.t-+-+--+-+-
.. ...
.......... 'II'"
f:
G;o!:r
OK
XX
1
..II.
''11'"
II'"
156
CorrectAnswer- The cut at white1is
the key. Black plays atari at 2 and
connects at 4, trying to form an under-
the-stones shape. However, White
manages by throwing in at 5 and
playing atari at 7. Through II, White
captures 4 black stones.
9 captures at 5
Continuation- Black captures three
stones with 12. White makes twoeyes
with 13.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 77
Black to play

A ~
6R-
lQ:
....
"Ill"
~ . , ~
~
.....
..
~
~
, / ~
~
,,/
II'"
......
,.
. , ~
..
'l1li11'"
How should black play
the capturing race?
157
f..{ 11
+-t-t-H-
....

-!
2
""
;:.:
'lI
..

PIIIII!!!! ."..
.y.
..
H )(
'lI1I'
f...'?'"
....
'lI1I'
158
9 plays in at 5
Variation- If White throws in at 4
here, Blackcaptures at 5 and White
descends to 6. Black plays atari at 7,
forcing a ko fight.
.....



''Ill !!'
H -0
H to


Sacrifice Techniques
Problem78
Black to play
Can the white group in
the corner survive
Black's attack?
159
The Art of Capturing Stones
162
Correct Answer- White 1 is the vital
point. Through 7, an under-the-stones
shape is formed. Black captures four
white stones with 8.
Continuation- White plays acounter-
atari at 9 and black captures at 10.
White descends to 11 destroying
Black's eye. If Black plays 12 at 'a'
instead, White still plays 13and Black
is helpless due to shortage ofliberties.
...
~ r
r .....
4 ~
'IIIIll"
& ~
..
...
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 80
Black to play
Is the white group on the
side alive?
163
The An of Capturing Stones Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 81
Black to play
CorrectAnswer- Blackpushes in and
cuts with I and 3, then makes the
clever extension to 5. White captures
two black stones with 6.
..
:E.t-t-wt-t-+-+-+-+-
,..
H X
..
r.r
rr
..
, ;0:
.01(
( ~ :
( )(8
( X )(
Continuation- Black has the exquisite
throw-in at 7. When White captures
with 8, Black turns at 9. White can't
play on either side and is dead.
.1..1...1.
K ~
=, < ~
\)\;60
~ , ~ ..
.. .."
"'....
..'"
Is the white corner group
alive?
164
165
1 ~ -I
6
8 2 k)4 t-f-
. ..iII
."'1'
T
T
0
>-:..L I I
)
1 I-f-
1
1
.iIIi.
T
r
J
..['6
1 i I ~
Il
8
_4
t
211
f-Ot-'-
'T
I
-
~ TI
\xl "!I!'
4
2 1 ~ ~ ....1-1-
(
6 .... -
8
..
'T'T
I I
T
..
.. I
..
-{
2 -(
H ~ '-1-1-
(X X
..ill
..,.
T
T
166
The Art of Capturing Stones
White Resists- The thrust at black 1is
the correct answer, followed by the
placement at 3. When Black hanes at
7, white 8is a mistake, allowing Black
to form a pyramid-four shape. White
captures at 10.
Continuation- Blackmakes theplace-
ment at 11. Through black 17, White
can't play on either side and is dead.
Correct Answer- White 8 should
should be here to initiate a ko.
Variation- If White connects on the
other side in reply to black 3. Black
hanes at 5. Through the cut at 11, the
result is similar to that the 'White
Resists' diagram.
Failure- Black plays a hane with 1
instead. White jumps to 2 and is alive.
Black has failed.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 82
Black to play
...... ... ~
~ ~
W:
I
I- 0
,....
..
I,.
"...
~ ~ (
'l1li'"
~ ~
,.
,.

l ( d ~
...
."
.. ..
'l1li
...
Can Black kill the white
corner?
167
Of(
n
>-_+-1-+4-+-4-+
.>-....+-+-+-+-+-+-+
1'::.
4 2
6
I"
6
::.:
,.
.i;
--

Y
--
8 4
ill 2
ill
><

'::.:
..
""I
-- (1

)(y
x
4
x
::.:
'P

--
rr'8 6
02
4
"

'P
..J..
-
168
The Art of Capturing Stones
White Resists- The combination of 1
and 3 is the correct answer, aiming at
forming an under-the-stones shape.
White 4 is a mistake. Through 8,
White captures four black stones, but...
Continuation- ...Black plays in at 9.
When White captures at 10, Black
descends to 11. White can't fill in
from either side and is dead.
Correct Answer- White should play
4 as atari on the three black stones.
Black forms a ko at 5. The throw-in at
white 6 is important. Both sides cap-
ture at 7 and 8 respectively.
Continuation- Black occupies the vi-
tal point at 9. White captures at 10
initiating a ko fight.
Failure- Black uses 3 to play atari on
the three white stones. This crude
move allows White to live easily.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 83
White to play
XXls:
"
y

-
It is not too hard to make
a ko here. But can you
sniff out any peculiarity
in the position?
169
Problem 84
White to play
Sacrifice Techniques
I

4
H ,.

...'T'
-'!'AY
-30=0
Standard Answer. The diagonal
move at 1is also correct. Through the
throw-in at 7 White forces Black into
a ko fight. Although this ko favors
White, the result may not be as good as
the previous diagram, depending on
the rule-set one is employing. Here
White must find the first ko threat.
I I
---
_
Bizarre Variation. White extends to
1 and Black connects at 2. Through
the recapture at 10, an "eternal-life"ko
is created. (Note: According to the
Super-Ko rule, the "eternal life" ko is
fought by not allowing the fUll-board
position to repeat. In this case Black
must find the first ko threat.)
10 captures at 4
Is the black group on the
side alive?
170
171
I Correct Answer- White extends I,

descends to 3 and throws-in at 5,

I .x-
l<>
aiming to kill Black unconditionally.
"'"
The feeding of a stone at black 6 is
5
..L
7-
I(
exquisite. An "eternal-life" ko is the

result.
1m

m
;=:;
3 1
T::=:: :::c:
..
J
QQ-
K>
I I
I I I
I
xx
I I
I I I
172
The Art of Capturing Stones
Variation- If Black captures at 6 in
reply to the throw-in at 5. White forms
a bulky-five shape killing Black.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 85
White to play
...... ..
rl



'../
........
.....'III
.....
,..-
y .....
Can White rescue his
surrounded group?
173
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
:::0:: X
Correct Answer- White connects at
1, allowing Black to play atari at 2.
This is a very clever play. Through
white 5, Black captures four white
stones.
Continuation- Black must connect at
6 to prevent White fromplaying there.
White casually escapes by linking up
at 7.
H .or..J...J.. '-66"
...
~ ~ ' .. ,"
lIl".4Ilill.
J 'III'"
'11111"
~ ~ .. ~ .4Il ...
.... ..../.4Il ...'III" ..
..
.....
II"
...,.
Problem 86
White to play
174
Can White make life on
the upper side?
175
The Art of Capturing Stones
r-r''''
.
,
... ..J... '!P'
.,
: ."'!!!!' 7)( ''111.
Sl
X 11'"-..,..
....\. / ...........
'III.
./'"
.... '111 III" 'III
.....
'11111"
...
176
Correct Answer- The hane at
white 1 is brilliant. Black
throws-in at 2, plays atari at 4
and captures four stones by
playing 6 at 2.
6 captures at 2
Continuation- White reduces
black's liberties with 7,
prompting Black to reinforce
at 8. White descends to 9
forming a second eye.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 87
Black to play
K..r
........, I'J.......

0..... )....

0
Can Black make life for
the comer group?
177
The An ofCapturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
I )l

<II lit.
... II'"
g;g 1
x x Jo.
}g 3 __
1
:::=:::::=::::=:T
a
\Z.- . W'

<II lit.
.
'" ...

.....

..
180
Correct Answer- White makes an
eye in sente with the sequence to 10.
The attachment at white 7 in particular
is worth noting. Through 14, Black
captures four white sacrifice stones.
10at 8
Continuation- White plays in at 15 to
form a second eye.

)( X
jX., ...1Il.
'IIIII'
lIII

><
....
..
!!"
.. .,
Problem 89
Black to play
How can Black kill
White?
181


H X
!io r:.
>:
...
111" "I
'"
-


>=::
"II"
....x .. Ill.
!!"
"'"
182
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- Turning at black 1
is exquisite. White makes the place-
ment of 2 and Black draws back to 3.
Through 6, White captures six black
stones.
Continuation- Black plays in with
the placement at 7. White fails to form
two eyes and is dead.
Sacrifice Techniques
Problem 90
White to play
Can White kill the black
group?
183
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques



m )l)4 -)-1-1 Ja7

1 ill )j )( )(
..

"'!I!' 'lIIJII I-
'l8at' )( )...1-
."..

)( )( )...1-+-
)()(
x.)
184
Correct Answer- Feeding an e
stone at white 1 is very far-sighted.
Black captures at 2.
Continuation- White makes the phtce.
ment at 3. Through white 7, Black Qas
only one eye. When Black plays ill at
8, the connection of white 9 is another
brilliant tesuji. Black throws in at 16,
capturing six white stones.
12 at 10
15 at 8
16 at 10
Continuation- White plays back ill at
17, killing Black.
Failure- The connection at white 1is
a mistake. Black thrusts at 2 and plays
atari at 4, making life easily. White at
most captures four black stones.
-H )-k/
tR: ......... \'..j
jQQf
r=Q

) 00
-l V
r'<;
... I YT
Problem 91
White to play
Which side will win the
capturing race?
185
I I I
The Art of Capturing Stones
Correct Answer- The atari at white 1
is the only move. This is followed by
the connection at black 2, the hane at 3,
the throw-in at 4 and the capture at 5.
Sacrifice Techniques
VariationDiagram-When White
plays atari at 1, Black m ~ e ~ a
hanging connection at 2, gIVIng
up two stones for one.
( )( y
I I I I
~ - -
K5
0- ~ ~
I--.-
I )l
j )l )j
.r\.:)...
fQ
(
'.x
-9
( )...
r
r
A
l t<1
....
'III!'.
"....,y
Y
..
186
Continuation- Black throws back in
at 6. Through the atari at black 14,
White fails toconnect andallows Black
tocapture a large white group with 16.
15 at 8
16 at 6
Continuation- White plays atari at
17. Black fails to make two eyes and
is dead.
I I I
Continuation- Black recaptures
at 4, trying to kill White in the
capturing race. White attach.es
underneath with5. Throughwhite
17, Black loses the capturingrace
by one move.
12 at IO
I3 at the marked blackstone
14at the marked whitestone
187
188
The Art of Capturing Stones
Sacrifice Techniques
Index and Glossary
A
approach-move ko a ko in which one player hasto
ignore two ko threats in order to win 98
attachment a single stone played in contact with
enemy stones 16,34,38,76,118,136,180,187
B
bamboo joint a kind ofstrong connection 142
bent four in the comer a way to kill a group by setting
up a ko which one has the option ofstartingflrs'
when all ko threats have been eliminated 112
bulky-five anoversizedeyeshape(nakade) 3,36,42,
114, 118, 120, 124, 172
'bungee jump' a one space jump from the third line
down to the first 98
C
capturing race(semeai) afight where each side needs
to kill the other in order to live 48,67,109,135,
146, 157, 185, 187
clampplaying twice in contact on opposite sides ofan
enemy stone 24, 38, 98, 104, 138
counter-atari responding to an atari by giving atari
back insteadofpulling out the threatened stone
24,52,54,56,64,94,138,162
D
descent an extension towards the edge of the board
12,40,42,68,79,138,144,158,162
189
191
190
The Art of Capturing Stones
diagonal move a diagonal extensionfrom a stone 22
36,48,52,68,88,100,102,120,170 '
E
'eternal-life' ko a repetitive position which is ko
underthe super-ko rule, andcan leadto a game
being annulled under Japanese rules 170, 172
F
flowery-six a kind ofoversized eye(nakade) 3, 128,
134,142
H
hane a diagonal move played in contact with the
enemy (bending around an enemy stone) 16,
22,26,36,48,54,68,72,76,78,100,102,114,
122, 124, 130, 136, 154, 166, 176, 186
hanging connection playing adjacent to a cuttinB
point to protect it 22, 48, 134, 187
K
ko a repetitive situation in which one may ntJI
immediately recapture 3, 8, 22, 24, 26,28, 32,
40,46,48,52,54,56,60,62,64,66,68,70,72,
76,86,90,92,94,96,100,122,124,136,138.
146, 148, 158, 166, 168, 169
ko threat a move played elsewhere to gain the right
to retake a ko 61, 170
M
miai two points related such that if I take one, you
take the other and vice versa 8, 48, 80, 84
Sacrifice Techniques
o
oversized eye(nakade) a large eye-space typically
having a single vital point for dividing it into
two eyes 3,8, 128
p
peep a move played adjacent to a cutting point
threatening to extend in 52
placement an attacking move typically played inside
an opposing group, but not in contact with any
enemy stones 8, 17, 20, 22, 30,40,42,44, 48,
58,62,72,74,78,84,88,98,102,104,108,
110, 114, 118, 126, 130, 132, 138, 150, 160,
166, 182, 184
pyramid-four an oversized eye(nakade) shape 3,
116, 166
s
seki a way ofliving by bringing about an impasse in
which neithergroup ina capturing race can put
the other in atari without exposing itself to
capture 14,28,50, 116, 130, 132
sente the initiative, a move requiring an answer 140,
180
shortage of liberties a position in which one cannot
play on a certain important point without
putting oneself in atari 3,46,58, 136, 162
snapback an immediate recapture basedon shortage
of liberties 40,42,54,66,84,92, 116
square- four an oversizedeyernakade) shape differing
from the others in that there is no way to make
two eyes of it with a single move 122
192
The Art of Capturing Stones
T
tesuji a clever move exploiting the special charac-
teristics ofa local situation 18, 36,40,44, 184
throw-in .a single stone played deliberately into
atari 3,6,10,18,40,52,54,56,60,64,70,72,
74,76,82,84,88,92,96,100,104,110,114,
122, 126, 142, 144, 154, 156, 158, 164, 168,
170, 172, 186
u
under-the-stones a dramatic recapture where one
plays into the space vacated by sacrifice
stones 3,8, 1114, 15, 16, 17,28,29,30,32,
44,46,48,49,52,62,156,162,168
v
vital point the key point in a position that must be
occupied 3, 16, 20, 22, 70, 76, 94, 96, 114,
118, 138, 146, 162, 168
w
wedge a move played in between two enemy stones
such that one is clamped 6, 120, 158
Sacrifice Techniques
193
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Sakata Series
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Yang Yilun's Ingenious Life and Death Puzzles, vol. 1 and 2
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192
The Art of Capturing Stones
T
tesuji a clever move exploiting the special charac-
teristics ofa local situation 18, 36,40,44, 184
throw-in a single stone played deliberately into
atari 3,6, 10,18,40,52,54,56,60,64,70,72,
74,76,82,84,88,92,96,100,104,110,114,
122, 126, 142, 144, 154, 156, 158, 164, 168,
170, 172, 186
u
under-the-stones a dramatic recapture where one
plays into the space vacated by sacrifice
stones 3,8, 1114, 15, 16, 17,28,29,30,32,
44,46,48,49,52,62,156,162,168
V
vital point the key point in a position that must be
occupied 3, 16, 20, 22, 70, 76, 94, 96, 114,
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w
wedge a move played in between two enemy stones
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Sacrifice Techniques
193
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