LED Characteristics: - Eye Sensitivity - Color Vision - Color Space Xy - Dom. Wavelength CCT
LED Characteristics: - Eye Sensitivity - Color Vision - Color Space Xy - Dom. Wavelength CCT
LED Characteristics: - Eye Sensitivity - Color Vision - Color Space Xy - Dom. Wavelength CCT
LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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LumiLeds test method Test method measures total luminous flux emitted into a defined acceptance angle
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Area detector d2
Test method only accounts for luminous flux in a small portion of optical beam
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LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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Eye Sensitivity
relative eye sensitivity 1,0
0,8
0,6
V()
400
500
600
1 W555nm = 683 lm
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LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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Colorimetry
Basic quantity for colorimetry is the spectrum S() standard observer CIE 1931 :color matching functions
X, Y and Z are called the tristimulus values Y represents brightness (nit, lumen, ... ) Many different spectra can yield the same color for the human eye (metamerism) there is no way back from XYZ to spectrum
780
CIE x-ba r CIE x-bar CIE x-ba y-ba r r CIE y-bar CIE y-ba z -ba r
CIE z-bar
1.5
z -ba r
0.8 0.6
400
500 400
700 700
700
800 800
800
wavelength (nm) 14
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Colorimetry
xyxy-diagram CIE1931 uvuv-diagram CIE1976
x=
X X+Y+Z
y=
Y X+Y+Z
u' =
4x 2x + 12y + 3
v' =
9y 2x + 12y + 3
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Dominant Wavelength
540
Relative Intensity
(x, y) Coordinate
560
ROYAL BLUE
580
a
600 620
CIE Illuminant E
a Color Purity = b
640
450
500
550
600
650
700
Wavelength (nm)
460
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 x coordinates
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
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Blackbody radiators
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0.8
540
Tc = 5500K
560 12V Halogen Bulb 3000K Household Incandescent 2800K M.P. Tungsten 3700K 580 12V Instrument Cluster Bulb 2500K M.P. Copper 1360K M.P. Iron Warm-white 1810K Fluorescent 3000K 600 "Red-hot" Poker (1000K = 1340F) 620 640
0.7
0.6 y coordinates
500
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
480
CIE Illuminant E
Tc = 2200K
0.1
460
0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 x coordinates
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
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0.8 0.7
540
560
0.6
500
0.5
8000K 10,000K
5714K 6667K
20,000K 50,000K
480
Planckian Locus
460
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 x coordinates
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
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Sunlight Has a CRI of 100. When objects are illuminated with sunlight, all the colors look good.
Low Pressure Sodium has a CRI less than 0. Objects illuminated by it all look brown.
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400
500
600700
400
500
600700
Light Blue
Spectra of 8 defined samples are combined with the spectrum of the source (e.g. White LED) The shift of the color point of every sample is calculated: R1 to R8 The average Ra shift is then calculated: Ra = 1/8 (R1 + R2 +...+ R8)
400
500
600700
400
500
600700
Light Violet
400
500
600700
400
500
600700
400
500
600700
400
500
600700
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Wavelength [nm]
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LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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Iforward
Anode
(Electrons)
Vforward
Cathode
visible
(Photons)
Same principle for all colors PN-Junction (AlInGaP & InGaN) Power dissipation:1-5 Watt Package Extraction Efficiency: >95% Maximum Ratings Tjunction-max = 120 C / 135C Iforward-max = Product dependent
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AlInGaP
AuZn Contact Pad
Wire bond
Silicon submount
Anode
3.4 V at 350 mA Blue
Anode
3.0 V at 350 mA Red/Amber
7 V at -100 uA
20V at -100 mA
Cathode
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Cathode
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Anode Lead
Slug
slug
LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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Wavelength Characteristics
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
CYAN BLUE GREEN RED AMBER
Relative Intensity
ROYAL BLUE
450
500
550
600
650
700
Wavelength (nm)
LED Characteristics
Basic Optical Units Human vision Eye Sensitivity Color Vision Colorimetry Color space xy Dom. Wavelength CCT Working Principle of an LED Optical and Electrical Characteristics LED Binning
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Bin Limits [V] 2.79 3.03 3.27 3.51 0.24 0.24 0.24
Color bins
5.0
5.0
5.0
Luxeon Binning
Lumileds LEDs are 100% electrically and optically tested Each unit is binned for
Luminous Flux, Forward Voltage Dominant Wavelength or Correlated Color Temperature
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Tamb = -20C
Amber
+25C +85C
Vf -2mV / C
0 570
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580
590
0
620 630
Wavelength [nm]
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Forward Voltage (V)
D = (.09 nm/ C)* (T2-T1) = (.09 nm/ C)*(40 -25 C) = 1.35 nm Therefore, D2 = 591.35 nm
LED Characteristics
Erik Swennen & Patrick van der Meulen
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= .09 nm/ C