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Standards Path To LTE: Dr. Kenneth (Ken) Stewart

The document discusses the standards path that led to the development of LTE. It describes how 3GPP workshops in 2005 defined key requirements for LTE such as high peak data rates and low latency. It then summarizes how LTE met these requirements through architectural improvements like reducing nodes and introducing flexible bandwidth modes. The document also compares the performance of LTE Release 8 to HSPA Release 6, showing that LTE provided over 3x improvements in spectrum efficiency and user throughput.

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78 views11 pages

Standards Path To LTE: Dr. Kenneth (Ken) Stewart

The document discusses the standards path that led to the development of LTE. It describes how 3GPP workshops in 2005 defined key requirements for LTE such as high peak data rates and low latency. It then summarizes how LTE met these requirements through architectural improvements like reducing nodes and introducing flexible bandwidth modes. The document also compares the performance of LTE Release 8 to HSPA Release 6, showing that LTE provided over 3x improvements in spectrum efficiency and user throughput.

Uploaded by

ghionoiuc
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Standards Path to LTE

Dr. Kenneth (Ken) Stewart


Motorola Mobile Devices

DC-KTN Seminar Physical Implementation of 3GPP LTE


Bristol, U.K. 13 May 2010

SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

WAN Landscape 2005 Way Forward for 3GPP?


2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. DVB-H 4th Gen. Broadcast Evolution

IMT-2000

DVB-T

CMMB FLO

WiMAX
802.16d

802.16e

UMB 802.20
EVDO-B BCMCS

EVDV IS-95 IS-2000 EVDO-0

EVDO-A BCMCS

HSPA
UMTS
(Rel. 99)

HSUPA HSDPA MBMS TDD LCR


(TD SCDMA)

3GPP
GSM GPRS EDGE

DTM

Radio Systems Wide Area Generational


Unicast Broadcast
[1] Note: G definitions vary widely! For guidance only.

2
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Roots of Long-Term Evolution LTE Requirements


Critical 3GPP Radio Access Network Workshops
Tokyo (7-8 March 2005), Quebec (30-31 May 2005) Result: 3GPP TS 25.913 Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN
See http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25913.htm

Summary of Key LTE Requirements Attribute


Peak Data Rate (Mbps) C-Plane Latency (ms) U-Plane Latency (ms) User T-Put (DL, Mbps) User T-Put (UL, Mbps) Spec. Eff. (DL, bps/Hz/cell) Spec. Eff. (UL, bps/Hz/cell) Mobility Duplexing
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Minimum Requirement
DL: 100Mbps, UL: 50Mbps in 20MHz Idle->Active: <100ms, Dormant->Active: <50ms UE to RAN Edge: <5ms (0-byte IP) Avg. 3-4x, 5% 2-3x Rel-6 HSPA Avg. 2-3x, 5% 2-3x Rel-6 HSPA 3-4x Rel-6 HSPA 2-3x Rel-6 HSPA High Perf.: <120km/h, Functional: <350km/h Alignment of FDD and TDD modes
3

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

How Did LTE Meet Requirements? Summary


Architecture Improvements
Fewer nodes no RNC, SGSN, GGSN Reduction of TTI to 1 ms Wideband (20MHz) & Flexible Bandwidth Modes
{1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20} MHz carrier modes

LTE Performance Driver


Small frame size (1ms) & Low HARQ Round Trip Time (8ms) Low dedicated reference signal overhead Low control channel overhead Enables QML equalization Intra-cell orthogonality (low interference) Power control & interference avoidance Semi-persistent scheduling

Driver Details
Reduces latency and increases number of transmission opportunities Only 2/14 of subframe resources Typically, 16/100 of subframe resources Attribute of basic DFT receiver and OFDM Due to time alignment of SC-OFDM + CP Enable frequency reuse of one Avoid control channel limitation for services with periodic and frequent transmission of small packets (e.g. VoIP) Narrow bandwidth allocations improve cell edge performance 4

No CS only PS domain RRC: only IDLE & CONNECTED No dedicated channels Multicast supported from the start (MCH)
SFN means 8x improvement over MBMS

Alignment with TDD Mode

Performance Improvements
Low Ctl. Chan. Overhead (45% vs. 30%) Orthogonal uplink (almost 3x improvement over Rel-6 HSUPA) Low Latency 8ms RTT Low PAPR Single Carrier SC-FDMA and improved PA efficiency Enhanced advanced receiver modes

FDM resource allocations with fine frequency granularity (180 kHz)

SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Aligning LTE FDD and TDD Modes


Parameter Bandwidth Support Bandwidth Support DL Subcarrier Separation UL Subcarrier Separation Subframe Duration Radio Frame Duration DL Multiple Access UL Multiple Access Physical Resource Block Dimension DL Symbols/Slot - Normal CP DL Symbols/Slot - Extended CP UL Symbols/Slot - Normal CP UL Symbols/Slot - Extended CP UL Modulation PRACH Bandwidth P-SCH, S-SCH Bandwidth PRACH Preamble Formats DL Dedicated RS Support DL Multi-layer MIMO Support Data FEC Control FEC Multiple ACK/NACK's per Subframe Units MHz RB's kHz kHz ms ms N/A N/A Subcarriers Syms Syms Syms Syms N/A RB's RB's Formats N/A N/A LTE FDD 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 15.0, 7.5 15.0 1.0 10.0 OFDM DFT-SOFDM 12 7 6 7 6 QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM 6 6 0,1,2,3 Yes Yes Turbo, R=1/3 Convolutional, R=1/3 No LTE TDD 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 15.0, 7.5 15.0 1.0 10.0 OFDM DFT-SOFDM 12 7 6 7 6 QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM 6 6 0,1,2,3,4 Yes Yes Turbo, R=1/3 Convolutional, R=1/3 Yes

LTE FDD FS1

N/A

LTE FDD vs. TDD (TD-LTE) Alignment


Different outcome from UMTS TDD mode L1: Close alignment in physical layer parameters L2: RLC, MAC, RRC specifications not significantly distinct Very high terminal subsystem re-use

LTE TDD FS2

Synchronization and cell search, channel estimation, FEC encoding and decoding, single-stream receiver subsystem, MIMO receiver subsystem, CQI generation etc.
5
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Did LTE Deliver? LTE Rel-8 FDD vs. HSPA Rel-6

Simulated LTE Rel-8 vs. HSPA Rel-6 Downlink (3GPP LTE Performance Consensus April 2007)

LTE Release-8 Improvements over HSPA Release-6


>3x improvement in spectrum efficiency reduced cost per bit
Especially important as data traffic increases, often for flat fee structure

>3x improvement in user throughput dictates user experience of service >2x improvement in cell edge user t-put dictates worst-case user experience Augmented with end-end latency reduction (<10ms round trip to base station) and terminal state change (<50ms from IDLE to ACTIVE) significant reduction in user perception of delay
6
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Broadband Which Access Technologies Won?


Total Number of Subscribers By Technology
(3GPP-Specified Technologies)
10000 Total GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA/EDGE HSDPA HSUPA & HSPA+ LTE TD-SCDMA

Total
GSM/GPRS/EDGE

1000

Subscribers (Millions)

100

10

WCDMA/EDGE HSUPA, HSPA+ HSDPA

LTE

TD-SCDMA 0.1 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Broadband Cellular Access


Year

Source: Strategy Analytics

Conventional subscriber growth continues (note logarithmic scale!)


Augmented by embedded, M2M use cases not shown here

Large fraction of future broadband cellular subscribers will use HSPA and LTE access technologies (both FDD and TDD modes)
WiMAX trajectory heavily influenced by non-traditional subscriptions not shown 7

SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Leading WAN Network Deployments By Technology

8
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Global Broadband Rollouts

9
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

3GPP and IEEE Evolution Towards IMT-Advanced


2007
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2008
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2009
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2010
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2011
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2012
Q2 Q3 Q4

L1 Specs. RAN Specs. (36.2x, 36.3x) L2 Specs. 36.331 ASN

IMT-Adv. Related LTE+ SI LTE Rel-9 - L1 LTE Rel-9 - L2

IMT-Adv. Related LTE+ WI LTE Rel-10 - L1 LTE Rel-10 - L2

LTE+ (LTE-Rel-10?) Complete

RF Perf. Specs. Rel-8 RF Perf. Specs. (36.1x) Test Specs. Rel-8 RF, PCS Test Def. (36.5x) System Trials Develop Candidate RITs/SRITs Tech. Trials

Rel-9/10 Split?
LTE Commercial Launch Q3-2010

L1&L2 Specs Perf. & Cert. Specs Proprietary/Deployment

Pre-Comm. Trials

Commercial

R/SRIT Development R/SRIT Submission

Candidate Submission Deadline

R/SRIT Evaluation R/SRIT Consensus Building

Candidate Evaluation Deadline ITU (WP5D) IMT-A Framework Complete

ITU WP5D Process


Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

IMT-A Spec. Dev.

ITU IMT-A Specs. Complete

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

10
SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar

Conclusion: WAN Landscape 2010

Conclusions
LTE emerging as dominant WAN standard in 2010-2020
Driven by alignment of LTE-FDD and TDD modes

HSPA will remain in widespread use throughout the decade


11

SRL-10-0086 Standards Path to LTE DC-KTN Seminar 13 May 2010

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