MATERIAL & PROCESSES

Material :Plastic

Fashion &Lifestyle Accessory Department

Compiled & Composed by:-K.Murugan. Assistant Professor. NIFT. New Delhi Mr.Abid Bilal. Professor (Guest faculty NIFT)

Origin of the word -- PLASTICS

The English word "plastic" or "plastics" originated from the Greek word "plastikos," Which means to Grow" or Form." Used first as an adjective meaning "formative = plastic"
(capable of being deformed without rupture)

Latter used as a noun. The name "plastic"

(capability to be formed) one of the features of plastics

Most versatile Material -- PLASTICS

Natural materials feels, like Tactile and visual senses are Unchanged. Glass : Transparency and Coldness Wood : Grain and Warmth Iron : Weightiness and Coldness
PLASTICS present different faces depending on their type and variations. This gives impression that plastics are a substitute for natural materials. There is no other new material with so many different possibilities.

PLASTCS with additional attractions

Plastic is an attractive all-around material It can be tailor made to Less flammable, Fire retardant, Self extinguish Soft, Scratch proof, Scratch resistant, Scratch repairable Hard, Brittle, Nun-breakable Transparent, Translucent, Crystal like Various improvements are made aggressively to produce attractive plastics that suit their purposes more precisely.

Preventing Decomposition
Plastics deteriorate gradually when expose to moisture and oxygen in the air. Deterioration is hastened by heat, acids, ultraviolet light, etc. To prevent such deterioration, additives are added during Processing. Typical additives are :
Heat stabilizer : Prevents decomposition by heat. Antioxidant : Prevents decomposition by oxygen in the air. Ultraviolet light absorber : Prevents deterioration caused by ultraviolet rays. Mildew proofing agent: Protects plastics from microorganisms such as bacteria and molds. Regarding decomposition of plastics, studies are being conducted aggressively on exactly opposite topics of stabilization and natural decomposition, Photolytic plastics: Plastics that are broken down when exposed to sunlight. Biodegradable plastics: Plastics that are broken down by microorganisms in soil if buried.
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Changing the hardness of PLASTIC

The hardness of resins can be varied by changing the mixing ratio of plasticizer Moldings that are hard at room temperature if molded with the addition of a firming agent under heat They are used for water pipes, rain water gutters, cosmetics cabinets. Also, they are used for tanks and piping at chemical plants. On the other hand, plastics are also used for soft goods such as wrappers, belts, and handbags.

Making PLASTIC less flammable

Plastics, which are made of petroleum, have the disadvantage of being flammable. To make them less flammable, a flame retardant agent is added. It can also be made self extinguisher.

Making PLASTIC Spongy & Lightweight

To make plastics spongy and lightweight, pockets of air or gas are introduced into them. Such plastics are known as foamed plastics (expanded plastics). Nitrogen gas is injected during molding Cracked gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) is mixed by using a foaming agent Foams made of plastic are durable and used widely for bedding, cushions, leather, etc. Synthetic leather is produced by foaming vinyl chloride which has been made soft by the addition of a plasticizer. Synthetic wood has been made to have a specific gravity equal to that of wood by adjusting the volume of gas introduced into the plastics. Polystyrene and rigid polyurethane, which contain gas and thus have the property of heat insulation used as heat insulators for refrigerators, buildings

Making PLASTIC heard & rigid

To make surfaces scratch-proof bonding hard material to the surface such as Melamine resins, are waterproof, used as decorative laminates for table tops. The plastics mixed with a reinforcement, filler, or material that gives special characteristics are known as "composite plastics." such as glass fiberreinforced plastics are used for inner walls of aircraft and for fishing boats. The plastics mixed with magnetic material are known as " plastic magnets." These magnets can easily be shaped into various forms. plastics can be made electrically conductive if conductive material is mixed. This type of composite plastics are known as " conductive plastics."

PLASTIC

The family of plastics is broad and complex. However, some fairly broad and basic guidelines that can be followed when engineering or designing a product to be made out of plastic.

PLASTIC
For basic understanding Plastic can be broadly classified into two main group
GROUP I Thermoplastic Resins Consists of long molecules and are not crossed linked They can be repeatedly softened and hardened by heating and cooling. ( Recycled easily) Thermoplastic are purchased as granule polymer GROUP II Thermosetting Resins Once cured, the material cannot be softened by heating Normally available in liquid or Molding compound or powder In a uncured condition they can formed to finish shape with or without pressure & cured with heat

Common Thermoplastic Resins Common Thermosetting Plastic

Common Thermoplastic Resins

ABS (Acryl nitrite, Butadiene and Styrene)

Balanced combination of toughness Good dimensional stability Good Electrical insulation Wide service temperature range (5C - 120C) Good Chemical Resistance Ease of fabrication

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Types of ABS
MEDIUM IMPACT Hard, rigid and tough material used for parts with high strength, good fatigue resistance, Surface hardness and Gloss HIGH IMPACT (H1 or HIP or HIPS) Used for additional impact strength but (detoriates in rigidity and hardness) EXTRA HARD IMPACT With further decrease in rigidity, hardness and strength but (achieves highest impact resistance) LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT High impact strength at temperature as low as - 5C but, (poor in strength and rigidity and heat resistance) HIGH STRENGTH HEAT RESISTANCE Widely used ABS with maximum heat resistance (service temperature is 95C

Typical Applications
AUTOMOBILES Dash board & grills, Knobs and handles, APPLIANCES, Mixy, Food processor, JMG, Knobs , handles, HOUSING & PARTS, Pipes & fittings, Luggage, Helmets, Telephones, Fridge, Air-conditioner, Door liners, AC Front, Split AC Indoor unite, Knobs and handles, etc. ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS Electrical connectors & Switches, etc. ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS Music system, Video System, Computers, etc. F & L ACCESSORY, Shoe heels, Hair clip, Bakes, Handles, Chairs & tables, etc. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT & INSTRUMENTS, Business machine housing, Pump impellers, Electrical switches & connecters, etc.

Samples of ABS

Samples of ABS
This suitcase illustrates how a glossy surface is obtained using ABS plastic shaped with vacuum forming. The interior is made from PUR foam cut into shape using water jet cutting. The suitcase is only produced in a very limited number for the Danish Museum of Craft and Design. It is used for transporting a collection of designed products that introduce children and teenagers to good industrial design.

Samples of ABS

The ceramic blade razor is made from ABS plastic shaped with the insert molding technique.

Samples of ABS

This vacuum jug illustrates how chemical resistance and strength can be achieved at boiling temperatures. The black top of the jug is made from plastic which hardly absorbs the taste or smell from tea or coffee. The colored plastic jug furthermore shows how shiny scratch resistant surfaces are obtained using ABS plastic.

Samples of ABS

ABS Vacuum form

Common Thermoplastic Resins

ACETYLS (delrin, nylon) Typical applications
Used as a replacement of metal where higher strength of metal is not required. (Eliminates costly finishing and assembly operation) Pump impeller, Gears, Appliance housing and cases, Automobile indicators and Carburetors, Conveyor belt sections, Bearings, Plumbing components, Pipes and fittings, Machinery parts and Aerosols containers

One of the strongest tensile strength and stiffest among the thermoplastics Excellent fatigue life and dimensional stability Low friction coefficients. Exceptional solvent resistance. High heat resistance to 220F

Common Thermoplastic Resins

ACRYLIC
Good resistance to long exposure to sunlight and weathering Excellent optical properties (92% transparency) Good impact resistance Low water absorption Good electrical resistively Good tensile strength Good heat resistance (104C)

Typical Applications
Outdoor signs, Aircraft canopies, Wash basins, Lighting applications, Product decorative, Safety shields, Machines covers, Knobs, Handles Drugs and Food packaging, Carbonated beverages containers

Samples of Acrylic

Radiates a polychromatic effect Changes color at different viewing angles. Uses ambient light - creates its own lighting effects! Mirror like mirage Shifts through the light spectrum Can be cut, routed, drilled, line bent, and polished. Can be thermoformed in slight draws or shallow

Samples of Acrylic
PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) is thermoplastic material with very good optical properties (as transparent as glass and it allows 92% of the sunlight to pass!). PMMA is hard, stiff and medium strong, easy to scratch, notch sensitive, but easy to polish. Exceptional outdoor performance, such as weather and sunlight resistance, without reduction neither of optical nor mechanical properties.

Samples of Acrylic
Kitchen scale made from PMMA

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polyesters
High melting point at 435F It is hard, strong and extremely tough Very high resistance to abrasions Low coefficient of friction High resistance to cold flow Good chemical resistance Good dielectric properties and Low moisture absorption Use as plastic and fiber both. Good Resistance to Heat. Easy to colored . Doesn't absorb water Packaging for Food & Medical goods that need to be sterilized to radiation. Disco clothing in 70s. Beverages plastic bottles. Fancy balloons. House wares, Bottles, Switch parts, Furniture, Fender extension,

Typical Applications
Gears, Bearings, Housing for appliances, Pulleys,

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polyethylene
Characterized by toughness Near zero moisture absorption Excellent electrical insulating properties. Types of polyethylene Low density Medium density High density Primary difference is:Rigidity Heat resistance Chemical resistance Ability to sustain load NOTE In general as density increases hardness, heat resistance and stiffness increases & as density decreases the tensile strength and impact strength increases

Typical Applications
Housing pipe, Grocery bags Heater ducts, House ware, Toys, Automobile interiors, Containers, Wires & Cables, Insulation, Bottles, Films, Shampoo bottles Bullet proof vests

Samples of Polyethylene

This bottle for mineral water is made from PET (polyethylene) plastic which is transparent and well suited for recycling.

Samples of Polyethylene
There are two basic families: LDPE (low density), HDPE (high density).

PET has good barrier properties against oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is utilized in bottles for mineral water. Other applications include food trays for oven, tapes as well as mechanical components.

Samples of Polyethylene

LDPE Low density Polyethylene Soft plastic bags for ice cubes are made from LDPE plastic.

Samples of Polyethylene
Recycle PET

This thermo scarf is made of polyester. At least 50% of it comes from recycled PET bottles for mineral water. As it can be seen, recycled plastic has not necessarily boring colors.

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polypropylene
Fairly Rigid Material Use as plastic and fiber both. Good Resistance to Heat Very good Resistance to Chemicals Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Resistance to Water Excellent Resistance salt & acid solutions. Easy to colored . Doesn't absorb water

Typical Applications
Portable Radio & Television cabinets, Pipe & fittings, Automotive interior parts, House wares, Bottles, Carrying Cases with integral hinges,(life hing) Fibers, (indoor-outdoor carpeting, miniature golf courses) Luggage, Electrical Connectors, Packaging Food containers ( melting temp. 160 oC )

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polystyrene Typical Applications
Inexpensive and hard plastic Common in everyday life . Good Resistance to Heat Good Resistance to Chemicals Excellent Resistance to Water Easy to colored . Doesn't absorb water Housing of the computer. Model cars and airplanes. Can be made in the form of foam. Packaging and insulation product. StyrofoamTM Clear plastic drinking cups. Molded parts inside the car like radio knobs etc. Toys, Hairdryers housings, Kitchen appliances.

Samples of Polystyrene

Polystyrene is an inexpensive thermoplastic that is vitreous, brittle and has low strength, but hard and stiff. It is not weather resistant, and therefore not suitable for outdoor uses. PS is transparent (it transmits about 90% of the sunlight) and has unlimited dyeing possibilities. It can be glued. Foamed PS is used for packaging and insulation purposes.

Samples of Polystyrene

Polystyrene is brittle and has low strength but hard and stiff. Polystyrene has unlimited dyeing possibilities. It can be glued.

Samples of Polystyrene
The disposable drinking glass is a typical example of the use of PS plastic. The glass can be used for most beverages like soft drinks, milk and beer. PS is transparent (it transmits about 90% of the sunlight)

Samples of Polystyrene
This hedge cutter shows how many different plastic are used in a product to obtain different properties. The handle and the shielding plate are made from ABS plastic which ensures good impact strength. The motor housing, in PA (Polyamide Nylon,) plastic, has good heat resistance. The sheath shows that a very long narrow hollow geometry can be produced in HDPE plastic by conventional injection molding

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Zyl (zylonite, or cellulose acetate)
Very cost-effective and creative option for eyewear. Extremely lightweight . Laminated Zyl frames that have layered colors. Propionate a nylon-based plastic is also used. It is hypoallergenic & lightweight has a different look and feel than other plastics. Blended nylon (polyamides , co-polyamides & gliamides) frames are both strong and lightweight.

Typical Applications
Eyewear Sports & performance frame Wraparound styles sunglasses

Samples of Zyl (zylonite)

Samples of Zyl (zylonite)

Samples of Zyl (zylonite)

Common Thermoplastic Resins

PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)
Among the stronger, tougher & more rigid thermoplastics Resistance to fire and water Basically transparent materials and resistant to variety of chemicals Tensile strength at room temperature is 8000 9500 psi. Flame resistance It is similar to polyethylene Low weathering

Typical Applications
Pipes, plumbing fitting Siding used on houses linoleum floor tiles. Vinyl car tops Raincoats Shower curtains water pipes Housing for hand held power tools.

Story about PVC invented twice.

PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

1908 It seems around a hundred years ago, a few German entrepreneurs decided they were going to
make loads of cash by lighting people's homes with lamps fueled by acetylene gas. By the time they had produced tons of acetylene to sell to everyone who was going to buy their lamps, new efficient electric generators were developed which made the price of electric lighting drop so low that the acetylene lamp business was finished. That left a lot of acetylene laying around.

1912 A German chemist, Fritz Klatte decided to try to do something with it, and reacted some
acetylene with hydrochloric acid (HCl). This reaction produce vinyl chloride, but at that time no one knew what to do with it, so he put it on the shelf, where it polymerized over time. Not knowing what to do with the PVC he had just invented, he told his bosses at his company, Greisheim Electron, who had the material patented in Germany. They never figured out a use for PVC, and in 1925 their patent expired.

1926 the very next year, a American chemist, Waldo Semon was working at B.F. Goodrich when he
independently invented PVC. But unlike the earlier chemists, He knew this new material would make a perfect shower curtain. He and his bosses at B.F. Goodrich patented PVC in the United States (Klatte's bosses apparently never filed for a patent outside Germany). Tons of new uses for this wonderful waterproof material followed, and PVC was a smash hit the second time around.

Samples of PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

Samples of PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

PVC is a heavy, stiff, ductile and medium strong (transparent) material. By adding softeners a range of softer materials can be achieved, ranging from a flexible to an almost rubber-like elastic soft material. Tubes made of PVC have the unique ability that they do not kink, (stop the flow if bent). The poor weather resistance can be improved using additives. PVC has good barrier properties to atmospheric gasses.

Samples of PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

Softeners also help to increase the manufacturability. PVC has brilliant resistance to acids and bases, but is affected by some solvents. Soft PVC is exceptionally resistant to most chemicals.

Samples of PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

PVC Edge binder

Samples of PVC (Poly-vinyl chloride)

PVC Metallic finish sheet

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polycarbonates (bullet proof glass)
Among the stronger, tougher & more rigid thermoplastics The properties can be maintained over a wide room temperature (- 60F to 279F) Basically transparent materials and resistant to variety of chemicals Tensile strength at room temperature is 8000 9500 psi. Elongation is 60 100%, Low weathering

Typical Applications
Safety seals, Glazing, Gears, and Electrical relay covers, Helmets, Pump impellers, Side gazes, Aircraft components, Automotive fender extensions, Bezels, Telephone switch gears, Snow mobile components, Boat propellers, Water bottles, Housing for hand held power tools.

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Polycarbonate

Samples of Blended Plastic

Blanding of different plastic to improve the Properties

Housing for GSM phones must have high impact strength in order to protect the electronics inside in the case of an accidental drop. This ductile behavior and excellent surface appearance can be designed in a vast array of 'trendy' colors. Blended ABS & PC is used for this.

Samples of Blended Plastic

Blanding of different plastic to improve the Properties

This stable chair is made from Stapron N which is a blend of ABS and PA plastics. The blend gives good acoustic properties (a sound unlike plastic!), a soft consistency, chemical resistance (coffee, food, alcohol), and good molding properties. Using air or Gas injection molding, air cavities are integrated into the seat and the back of the chair to give the right elasticity. In this way a good sitting comfort is achieved.

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Nylons Nylon 6,6 Nylon 6
Nylons commonly used as a fiber In 1940 1st time nylon was use for making woman stocking. In world war II Nylon was extensively use to make war materials. Very good Tensile strength at room temperature. No difference between Nylon 6,6 & 6. Nylon 6,6 is invented & patented by DuPont.

Typical Applications
Parachutes Ropes Toothbrush bristles Gears It is conceder as industrial grade plastic.

Polyamide Nylon

Sunglass

This sunglass is mostly nylon, with stainless steel hinges for extra strength.

Polyamide Nylon
Eye wear

This eye wear is mostly nylon, with stainless steel hinges for extra strength.

Polyamide Nylon
Polyamide plastic PA include strong wear resistance, barrier properties. Strength and stiffness are often improved using glass fiber reinforcement. PA absorbs water which makes it softer. UV-stabilizations are required for outdoor applications. PA is a group of transparent, and semi-crystalline (opal-white) plastics. Axe illustrates how plastic can be used in high quality products with strength requirements. The steel head is insert molded using glass fiber reinforced polyamide plastic. (Nylon)

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Polyurethanes
Well known polymers used to make foams. Polyurethanes are the single most versatile family of polymers. Polyurethanes can be elastomers, so It can be paints. It can be fibers. It can be adhesives. Lycra polyurethane elastomers invented by DuPont Lycra fiber is rubbery & soft. Nylon 6,6 is invented & patented by DuPont.

Typical Applications
All types of foams for padded chair, cushioned. Etc. Insulation, Fridge lining, Hotpots etc, Exercise clothing Skin tight sports & athletic clothing.

Samples of Polyurethanes

Common Thermosetting plastic

Provides three main advantages: High thermal stability High dimensional stability High rigidity and hardness Resistance to creep and deformation under load
Thermosetting molding compound consist of two major ingredients: A resin system generally curing agents and hardeners Fillers or reinforcements which may consist of mineral or organic particles, inorganic or organic fibers, organic/inorganic chopped clothes or papers NOTE Because of their excellent electrical properties, dimensional stability coupled with high strength & low moisture absorption, they are generally used for producing electrical or electronic components.

Common Thermosetting Plastic

Polycarbonates (Lence grade)
Among the stronger, tougher & more rigid thermosetting plastic. The properties can be maintained over a wide room temperature (- 60F to 279F) Highly transparent materials and resistant to variety of chemicals Tensile strength at room temperature is 8000 9500 psi. Elongation is 60 100%, Low weathering Ultra-light Higher refractive index It bends light more than glass (making the lences thinner then glass)

Typical Applications
Lenses, for eye glasses Lenses, for cameras

Common Thermosetting plastic

EPOXY (Typically available in liquid form)
In combination with Glass Fiber is generally used in Aircraft Component, Filament Wound, Rocket Motor Casing for Missile, Pipes, Tanks, Pressure Vessels, Tooling, Jigs & Fixtures, used for Powder coating. Helmets, Open air theater / stadium chair. Fiber roof sheets.

Common Thermoplastic Resins

Melamine (Typically available in powder Form)

Typically available in powder Form Best known for Extreme hardness

Typical Applications

Excellent & permanent colourability Arc resistance Self extinguishing.

Dishware like plates Dinner sets Soup bowls & spoons Household goods Electrical Connecters & Switches.

Common Thermoplastic Resins

UREA

Typical Applications
Decorative housing, Jewelry casings, Lighting fixtures, Buttons. Decorating Plastics

Excellent colourability Moderately good strength & low cost. Poor dimensional stability & Impact strength

Injection Molding

Injection Molding

Injection Molding

Injection Molding

For parts of all sizes which require accurate and complex geometry. Granular plastic or pellets are melted by friction with a rotating screw and actual heating, and then injected into the mould. Normally, the process is reserved to thermoplastics, but it can be used for shaping fiber reinforced thermoplastics or thermosetting. Production volumes are medium to large, and the cycle time per part is very short

Insert molding
Plastic parts containing metal inserts are produced using this variant of injection molding. Inserts made from metal or other materials are placed in the mould prior to the injection of plastic. The plastic flows around the inserts and fixes their position. Tools investments are slightly higher than for injection molding.

Outset molding

Similar to insert molding. Here though, a larger metal part surrounds one or more plastic elements like distance pins, flexible snap-locks, etc. A prepared sheet of metal with holes and gripping areas is placed in a mould. Then plastic is injected as in conventional injection molding. Tools investments are slightly higher than for injection molding.

Extrusion

Profiles of all shapes can be produced. In an extruder the material is heated and continuously pushed by a rotating screw through a die with the shape of the profile. After the die, the profile is cooled by air or water and cut into desired lengths. Production volumes are normally high.

Pultrusion

This process enables the production of large series of continuous fiber reinforced profiles with constant section. A set of fibers is pulled through a plastic bath and then through a heated die which give the profile its shape. After the die the profile is cooled by air or water and cut into desired lengths. An advantage for the process is that it is a relatively inexpensive way to produce reinforced parts with long fibers. Strength and other properties are better in the fiber direction than across.

Matrix injection - RTM

Resin Transfer Molding

Matrix injection, also called resin transfer molding, produces strong fiber reinforced parts of thermosetting plastics with smooth surfaces on both sides. Mats of reinforcement material are placed in a mould which is then closed. Plastic is injected into the mould. After hardening the finished part can be removed from the mould. The process is used where advanced geometry is required, and for car parts. The cycle time per part is medium, and small to medium series can be produce.

Rotation molding
A plastic molding process carried out in four steps, especially suitable for hollow parts, parts with low residual stress and thick walled parts. Parts with negative draft-angles (undercuts) can be made as well. First, the required amount of plastic material is poured into the mould which is then closed. While rotating around two axes the mould is first heated to the melting-point of the plastic and then cooled again. Finally the mould is opened and the finished part is removed. No finishing operations, like removal of runners, are required. Mainly for small production volumes.

Extrusion Blow molding

Used for hollow parts of all sizes. A tube of molten plastics is extruded into an open mould. The mould closes and thereby the bottom of the part welds. Hot air is blown into the tube and it is blown up until it fills out the mould cavity. Parts can be produced in small and large quantities, since setup cost is low and tools/moulds are often made of aluminum it is cheap.

Injection Blow molding

Used for high quality bottles like bottles for mineral water containing Co2 under pressure. First a small part with a large wall thickness (preform or perison) is produced by injection molding. The preform is heated and then transferred to the blow molding machine where it is blown into final shape. Compared to blow molding, injection blow molding gives better definition of details (e.g. screw thread), and a better control of the distribution of the thickness of the material.

Gas assisted injection molding (GAIM)

Gas assisted injection molding is a variant of injection molding, and is capable of producing hollow parts as well as parts with internal cavities. The mould is first partly filled with plastic, and then air is injected into the plastic through a separate nozzle. Air stay in the middle of the plastic and press it into every cavity. Trade names for the process are Compress Air molding.

Push-pull injection molding

Suitable for achieving long thin parts with high stiffness in the longitudinal direction. The molecular structure of the parts is very uniform and internal welding lines are reduced. It is a relatively new variant of injection molding which improves strength. Unlike injection molding, two injection units are used for injection of plastic. While one unit is pushing plastic into the mould, the other one is pulling.

Thermoforming (Vacuum forming)

Well suited for larger plastic parts since tools investments are low. Also used for high volume production of e.g. disposable cups and chocolate packaging. The surface facing the mould has the best quality. Material thickness is difficult to control. A sheet of thermoplastic material is heated to the softening point. The sheet is positioned over a mould with small air canals, and a vacuum pulls the sheet into the mould. Vacuum is normally sufficient due to the low strength in the material being formed, but for a more complex geometry, additional air or mechanical pressure can be applied.

Plastic - replacing glass

Baby Bottle Performance challenges for injection blow-molded baby bottles. In applications such as baby bottles, plastic materials due to the inherent safety (unbreakable) and the design freedom they offer are increasingly replacing glass.

Structural foam injection moulding

Cash Dispenser

Special range of Polycarbonate grades, suitable for structural foam injection moulding. This processing techniques makes it possible to attain a cost saving of up to 300%, when changing from cast aluminum to plastic molding.

END
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