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Laboratory Manual Practical Experiment Instruction Sheet Experiment Title

This document provides instructions for an electronics lab experiment to characterize the frequency response of an operational amplifier (op-amp) configured in the inverting mode. The experiment aims to determine the maximum gain, bandwidth, and mid-frequency gain by plotting the gain versus frequency response. Students are asked to connect an op-amp circuit, supply input signals of varying frequency, measure the output, calculate gain, and observe the results to understand op-amp behavior and applications. Precautions are outlined to ensure safe and accurate experimentation.

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Rupesh Sushir
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74 views5 pages

Laboratory Manual Practical Experiment Instruction Sheet Experiment Title

This document provides instructions for an electronics lab experiment to characterize the frequency response of an operational amplifier (op-amp) configured in the inverting mode. The experiment aims to determine the maximum gain, bandwidth, and mid-frequency gain by plotting the gain versus frequency response. Students are asked to connect an op-amp circuit, supply input signals of varying frequency, measure the output, calculate gain, and observe the results to understand op-amp behavior and applications. Precautions are outlined to ensure safe and accurate experimentation.

Uploaded by

Rupesh Sushir
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORM NO.

SSGMCE/FRM/32 B

SHRI SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ COLLEGE OF LABORATORY MANUAL ENGG. PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTION SHEET EXPERIMENT TITLE : To plot frequency response of inverting mode of Op

Amp using IC 741 also to determine band width and maximum gain.
EXPERIMENT NO.:SGM/WI/ELE/109/4SE5/01 ISSUE NO. : 00 ISSUE DATE : 15/06/2009 REV. DATE : REV. NO. : DEPTT. : ELECTRICAL ENGG. (ELCTRONICS & POWER) LABORATORY: ANALOG AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS SEMESTER : IV PAGE:01 of 04

1.0 AIM:

To plot frequency response of inverting mode of Op Amp using IC 741 also to determine band width and maximum gain. 2.0 SCOPE: To understand the use of IC A 741 as an active amplifier. To know about the frequency response of Op. Amp. and to understand how it will be better for different application as compare to transistorized amplifier circuit. 3.0 APPARATUS: CD System/Bread Board, ICs, connecting wires, CRO, function generator, etc. 4.0 CIRCUIT-DIAGRAM: INVERTING MODE OF OP. AMP.

Fig. 1.1

FORM NO. SSGMCE/FRM/32 B

EXPT NO. 01
5.0 THEORY:

PAGE NO. 2/4

Operational Amplifier using IC A 741 can be used as a inverting amplifier and non-inverting amplifier. The circuit diagram of an ideal op. Amp. in inverting mode is as shown in Fig 1.1 In this mode the +ve I/p terminal of the amplifier is grounded through resistance ROM . Resistance ROM is used to minimized offset voltage. The input signal Vin is applied to the -ve I/p terminal through resister R 1. The feedback applied through resistance Rf from the output to the inverting input terminal. For the ideal op-Amp following conditions must be satisfied. 1) The current into each input terminal i.e. Input Base current must be zero. 2) The potential difference Vid between inverting and non-inverting input terminal must be zero. i.e. V1-V2=0 means V1=V2 and in inverting mode of op. Amp non-inverting input is grounded therefore v 1=0 and hence V2=0 therefore inverting terminal is also virtually grounded. The term virtual is used to imply that since feedback serves to keep the voltage V 1 at zero no current actually flows from Ve to +Ve terminal. Thus virtual ground point has a Zero voltage and draws no current the inverting input terminal acts like ground as far as voltage but not current is concerned. The usual ground has zero voltage and can sink infinite currant while virtual ground have a zero voltage & zero current. Inverting mode of op. Amp. acts as a voltage shunt feedback amplifier.The inverting terminal is at virtually grounded. V1 =V2=0, Iin= If + IB but IB 0 therefore Iin = if (Vin - V2) / R1 = ( V2 - V0 ) / Rf Av = - Rf / R1 (ideally)

6.0

PROCEDURE: i) Make the connection for inverting mode of Op. Amp. as given in circuit

diagram 1.1. ii) Apply +15V to pin No 7 and -15V to pin No 4 of IC 741 w.r.t. ground. iii) Apply input signal of amplitude of 100 mV pp through function generator. iv) Connect CRO to measure and observe output signal at pin no 6 w.r.t. ground. v) Measure and note the output voltage for various input frequencies of input signal, use input frequency range from 50Hz to 1MHz. vi) Obtain gain in dB and plot Gain Vs frequency response characteristics.

vii) Determine Bandwidth, mid frequency gain and Maximum gain from graph.

FORM NO. SSGMCE/FRM/32 B

EXPT NO. 01
7.0 OBSERVATION TABLE :

PAGE NO. 3/4

INVERTING MODE OF OP AMP, S No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Input frequenc y 50Hz 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1KHz 2 3 4 5 6 7 Outpu t Voltag e(Volt) Gain AV=V0/Vin

Vin= 100mvpp Gain in dB 20logAV S No 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Input frequenc y 8 9 10KHz 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100KHz 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1MHz Outpu t Voltag e(Volt) Gain AV=V0/Vin Gain in dB 20logAV

8.0 CALCULATIONS : Use following formulae for calculation of Inverting mode of

OP Amp

Max. Gain =

Av = - Rf / R1 (Theoretical) (Theoretical )

BW = UGB / Av
9.0 RESULT:

from graph Maximum gain Av = Mid frequency gain = Band width =

FORM NO. SSGMCE/FRM/32 B

EXPT NO. 01
10. 0 CONCLUSION

PAGE NO. 4/4

In this experiment the theoretical values and practical values of various op. amp. Parameters are nearly equal.
11.0 PRECAUTIONS

i) Insure that the IC that is used for experimentation is in working condition. ii) Insure that the source equipment used in experiment is calibrated or not. iii) Take the all readings carefully. iv) Insure that there should not be any short circuit to avoid damage with IC or equipments v) Make the circuit connections carefully. vi) Do not switch on the equipments before the circuit connections are checked by Instructor / Assistant. IN CASE OF ABNORMAL RESULTS, ACTION TO BE TAKEN: Calibrate the function generator & set the exact amplitude of input signal. ii) Check the amplitude of input signal while changing the frequency range selector switch of the function generator. iii) Note down the exact values of passive components such as resista iv) Test the circuit components including ICs, LEDs and check the connections. Contact Instructor / Lab Assistant.

i)

PREPARED BY : Prof.A.M.PATOKAR

APPROVED BY : Dr. K.B.KHANCHANDANI, HOD, EXTC

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