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Gauss Jordan Method

Gauss-Jordan matrix elimination can be used to solve systems of linear equations by writing them in augmented matrix form and performing elementary row operations. These operations include interchanging rows, multiplying a row by a constant and adding rows together. The method involves transforming the matrix into an identity matrix through row operations, from which the solutions to the original system of equations can be read directly from the last column or obtained through back substitution.

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1K views4 pages

Gauss Jordan Method

Gauss-Jordan matrix elimination can be used to solve systems of linear equations by writing them in augmented matrix form and performing elementary row operations. These operations include interchanging rows, multiplying a row by a constant and adding rows together. The method involves transforming the matrix into an identity matrix through row operations, from which the solutions to the original system of equations can be read directly from the last column or obtained through back substitution.

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Daus Firdaus Bahari
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Gauss-Jordan Matrix Elimination

-This method can be used to solve systems of linear equations involving two or more variables. However, the system must be changed to an augmented matrix. -This method can also be used to find the inverse of a 2x2 matrix or larger matrices, 3x3, 4x4 etc. Note: The matrix must be a square matrix in order to find its inverse. An Augmented Matrix is used to solve a system of linear equations. a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1 a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = d 2 a3 x + b3 y + c3 z = d 3

System of Equations

Augmented Matrix

a1 a 2 a3

b1 b2 b3

c1 d1 c2 d 2 c3 d 3

-When given a system of equations, to write in augmented matrix form, the coefficients of each variable must be taken and put in a matrix. For example, for the following system:

3x + 2 y z = 3 x y + 2z = 4 2x + 3 y z = 3

Augmented Matrix

3 2 1 3 1 1 2 4 2 3 1 3

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-There are three different operations known as Elementary Row Operations used when solving or reducing a matrix, using Gauss-Jordan elimination method. 1. Interchanging two rows. 2. Add one row to another row, or multiply one row first and then adding it to another. 3. Multiplying a row by any constant greater than zero.
Identity Matrix-is the final result obtained when a matrix is reduced. This matrix consists of ones in the diagonal starting with the first number.

-The numbers in the last column are the answers to the system of equations. 1 0 0 3 Identity Matrix for a 3x3 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 5
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 6 Identity Matrix for a 4x4 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4

-The pattern continues for bigger matrices.


Solving a system using Gauss-Jordan

The best way to go is to get the ones first in their respective column, and then using that one to get the zeros in that column. -It is very important to understand that there is no exact procedure to follow when using the Gauss-Jordan method to solve for a system. 3x + 2 y z = 3

x y + 2z = 4 2x + 3y z = 3

Write as an augmented matrix.

3 2 1 3 1 1 2 4 2 3 1 3
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Switch row 1 with row 2 to get a 1 in the first column

1 1 2 4 3 2 1 3 Multiply row 1 by -3 and add to row 2 to get a zero 2 3 1 3


Row 1 multiplied by -3 + Row 2 New Row 2
3 3 0 3 2 5 6 -1 -7

12 3 -9

-Put the new row 2 in the matrix, note that though row 1 was multiplied by -3, row 1 didnt change in our matrix. 1 1 2 4 0 5 7 9 2 3 1 3 Using a similar procedure of multiplying and adding rows, obtain the following matrix 4 1 1 2 0 5 7 9 Multiply row 1 by -2 and add to row3 as above. 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 0 5 7 0 5 5 1 1 2 0 5 5 0 5 7 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 5 7 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 Multiply and add like we did earlier, -5 R2+R3 0 5 7 9 4 9 Switch rows 2 and 3 to obtain the following 5 4 5 Divide the second row by 5 to obtain a 1 in the second row. 9 4 1 Add row 2 to row 1 9

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1 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 Divide row 3 by -2 to obtain a 1 in the third row. 0 0 2 4 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2


-Finally, the matrix can be solved in two different ways: A. Using the 1 in column 3, obtain the other zeros and the solutions.

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2

x =1 y =1 z = 2

B. Solve by using back substitution.

-The solution to the last row is z = 2 , the answer can be substituted into the equation produced by the second row. y z = 1 Substituting into this equation, it simplifies to: y 2 = 1
y =1 -Again, substituting the answer for z into the first equation will give the answer for x. x+z =3 x+2=3 x =1

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