The Amsart, Amsproc, and Amsbook Document Classes

The amsart, amsproc, and amsbook document classes
American Mathematical Society Michael Downes updated by Barbara Beeton Version 2.20, 2004/08/06
Introduction
A This le (amsclass.dtx) is the master le for three L TEX document classes, amsart, amsproc, and amsbook, which are intended for articles and books containing mathematical research. They produce output that follows the style conventions of American Mathematical Society publications. The theorem setup features of these document classes are also available in a separate package, amsthm.
Implementation
Three document class les and one package le (amsthm.sty) are produced from this source. Most of the code of the amsthm package is used in all four derived les. Most of the remaining code is used in all three document class les. Fine tuning is done with additional docstrip guards. The usual name, date, and version information. (Note: the reason each \ProvidesClass command is placed on a line by itself, with separate begin and end guards for docstripping, is to make automatic update of le date and version slightly easier and more robust.)
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}% LaTeX 2.09 cant be used (nor non-LaTeX) [1995/06/01]% LaTeX date must be June 1995 or later 3 amsart 4 \ProvidesClass{amsart}[2004/08/06 v2.20] 5 /amsart 6 amsproc 7 \ProvidesClass{amsproc}[2004/08/06 v2.20] 8 /amsproc 9 amsbook 10 \ProvidesClass{amsbook}[2004/08/06 v2.20] 11 /amsbook
1 2
For amsthm we need to guard against redundant loading via

\documentclass{amsart} \usepackage{amsthm}
because in that case the usual \RequirePackage mechanism for avoiding redundant loading will not apply. We need to simulate the loading of the amsthm package.
classes \global\expandafter\let\csname [email protected]\expandafter\endcsname 14 \csname ver@\@currname.\@currext\endcsname 15 /classes
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2
16
THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES
amsthm \ProvidesPackage{amsthm}[2004/08/06 v2.20] 18 /amsthm

17
The following code is shared by the classes and the amsthm package. Cf. amsgen.sty.
\let\@xp=\expandafter \let\@nx=\noexpand 21 \def\@oparg#1[#2]{\@ifnextchar[{#1}{#1[#2]}} 22 \long\def\@ifempty#1{\@xifempty#1@@..\@nil} 23 \long\def\@xifempty#1#2@#3#4#5\@nil{% 24 \ifx#3#4\@xp\@firstoftwo\else\@xp\@secondoftwo\fi} 25 \long\def\@ifnotempty#1{\@ifempty{#1}{}} 26 \def\setboxz@h{\setbox\z@\hbox} 27 \def\@addpunct#1{% 28 \relax\ifhmode 29 \ifnum\spacefactor>\@m \else#1\fi 30 \fi}
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\nopunct should have a value for \spacefactor that is not used for \frenchspacing.
\def\nopunct{\spacefactor 1007 } \def\frenchspacing{\sfcode\.1006\sfcode\?1005\sfcode\!1004% 33 \sfcode\:1003\sfcode\;1002\sfcode\,1001 }
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If this class is loaded by a parent document class, then we want to use the name of the parent class. Otherwise the name of the current class le.
classes \def\@tempa#1#2\@nil{\edef\@classname{#1}} 36 \expandafter\@tempa\@currnamestack{}{}{}\@nil 37 \ifx\@classname\@empty \edef\@classname{\@currname}\fi
34 35
2.1
Support for conditional text
[This needs to be documented in the users guide, including the idea of using \for{5ed}{\linebreak} to mark edition-specic line and page breaks. [mjd,1999/12/27]] We would sometimes like to be able to mark fragments of text to be conditionally discarded or typeset. For example in the title of a section if we want to add a linebreak but prevent this linebreak from also taking eect in the table of contents. Certain kinds of switches need to be built into the low-level structure of our document class in order to be useful. For example, inside the toc we need to arrange for an in-toc? test to yield true.
\def\@True{00} \def\@False{01} 40 \newcommand\newswitch[2][False]{% 41 \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname ?@#2\endcsname{% 42 \global\expandafter\let\csname ?@#2\expandafter\endcsname 43 \csname @#1\endcsname 44 }% 45 } 46 \newcommand{\setFalse}[1]{% 47 \expandafter\let\csname ?@#1\endcsname\@False 48 } 49 \newcommand{\setTrue}[1]{% 50 \expandafter\let\csname ?@#1\endcsname\@True 51 }
38 39
The empty switch is by default false; i.e., if you write

\for{}{...}
2. IMPLEMENTATION
the material will be discarded.

52
\newswitch{}
To get a line break in a section title but not in the table of contents line for that section, use \except{toc}{\linebreak}. (Presumably you are already giving a shortened running head version separately, if applicable.)
\DeclareRobustCommand{\except}[1]{% \if\csname ?@#1\endcsname \expandafter\@gobble 55 \else \expandafter\@firstofone 56 \fi 57 } 58 \DeclareRobustCommand{\for}[1]{% 59 \if\csname ?@#1\endcsname \expandafter\@firstofone 60 \else \expandafter\@gobble 61 \fi 62 }
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The \forany command needs to run through a comma-separated list of switch names and print its second argument if any of the switches are true.
\DeclareRobustCommand{\forany}[1]{% \csname for@any@01\endcsname#1,?,\@nil 65 } 66 \@namedef{for@any@\@False}#1,{% 67 \csname for@any@% 68 \csname ?@\zap@space#1 \@empty\endcsname 69 \endcsname 70 } 71 \@namedef{?@?}{x} 72 \@namedef{for@any@\@True}#1\@nil#2{#2} 73 \def\for@any@x{\@car\@gobble}
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2.2
Notes
Options
Options will be processed in the order they are declared; cf. \ProcessOptions. Paper size The option letterpaper (default) sets the target paper width and height to U.S. letter size, 8.5 in x 11 in. An option a4paper is also supported, but we dont include some of the more unusual paper options (legalpaper, a5paper, executivepaper) of the generic article class. For A4 paper we not only change the paper size but also add 4pc to the normal textheight of 50.5pc (the dierence between 297mm and 11in is 50pt).
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{\paperheight 297mm\paperwidth 210mm \textheight 54.5pc } 76 \DeclareOption{letterpaper}{\paperheight 11in\paperwidth 8.5in }
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The options landscape and portrait swap paper height and width.
\DeclareOption{landscape}{\@tempdima\paperheight \paperheight\paperwidth \paperwidth\@tempdima} 79 \DeclareOption{portrait}{}
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Two-sided or one-sided printing For two-sided printing we set the switch \if@twoside which will cause the margins to be adjusted so that the type blocks of back-to-back pages will line up. The \if@mparswitch makes margin paragraphs print in the outside margin.
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\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse} \DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
Draft or nal version The draft option causes overfull lines to be marked with a black slug in the right margin.
\DeclareOption{draft}{\overfullrule5\p@ \ClassWarningNoLine{\@classname}{% 84 When the draft option is used, the 85 \protect\includegraphics\MessageBreak 86 command will print blank placeholder boxes\MessageBreak 87 for the graphics}% 88 } 89 \DeclareOption{final}{\overfullrule\z@ }
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Posting date The date when an article is ocially posted to the WWW is recorded in a variable \@dateposted with the \dateposted command.
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\def\dateposted#1{\def\@dateposted{#1}}% \let\@dateposted\@empty
amsart \def\@setdateposted{% 94 \newline Article electronically published on \@dateposted} 95 /amsart
Logos The following logo is used for regular journal articles. The one for proceedings articles and the one for e-only journals are given separately.
amsart \def\article@logo{% 98 \set@logo{% 99 \publname
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Current volume might be empty when an article is rst posted to the WWW. In that case leave out the issue-specic info.
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\ifx\@empty\currentvolume \else \newline\volinfo, \pageinfo \fi \newline \@PII \ifx\@empty\@dateposted \else \@setdateposted\fi }%
} \def\eonly@logo{% 108 \set@logo{% 109 \publname 110 \newline\volinfo, \pageinfo 111 \ifx\@empty\@dateposted \else \@setdateposted\fi 112 \newline \@PII 113 }% 114 } 115 /amsart amsart | amsproc \def\@logofont{\fontsize{6}{7\p@}\selectfont} 118 \long\def\set@logo#1{% 119 \vbox to\headheight{% 120 \@parboxrestore \@logofont 121 \noindent#1\par\vss 122 }% 123 } 124 /amsart | amsproc
116 117
2. IMPLEMENTATION
amsproc \def\procart@logo{% 127 \set@logo{\publname 128 \ifx\@empty\volinfo \else\newline\volinfo\fi}% 129 } 130 /amsproc
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E-only journal Electronic-only journals (for amsart only) have dierent information in the series logo than paper-only or dual journals. Only the volume number is reported (no issue or year), and the posting date is added following the page numbers. [bnb, 1996/10/31] This option will be invoked only from publication-specic .cls les.
amsart \DeclareOption{e-only}{% 133 \def\volinfo{Volume \currentvolume}% 134 \dateposted{Xxxx XX, XXXX}% 135 \def\@setdateposted{\ (\@dateposted)}% 136 \let\article@logo\eonly@logo 137 } 138 /amsart
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Title page The title and related information can optionally be printed on a separate page.
\newif\if@titlepage \DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue} 141 \DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
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Start on right- or left-hand page For some book series, its permissible to start chapters on a left-hand page. Default to openright, the usual AMS book style.
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amsbook \newif\if@openright 144 \DeclareOption{openright}{\@openrighttrue} 145 \DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse} 146 \@openrighttrue 147 /amsbook
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Two-column printing Two-column layout is handled through a predened internal switch.

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\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse} \DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
The nomath option The nomath option causes most of the extra math features to be omitted. Some utility functions will be dened below if this option is specied.
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\DeclareOption{nomath}{}
Some font options The noamsfonts option means to avoid declaring math alphabets or symbol fonts for the extra math fonts in the AMSFonts set. If these fonts are declared, it means that the corresponding .tfm les are required even for documents that do not use any symbols from those fonts. So we allow optionally to not declare them, for convenience of users who dont have those fonts on their system and dont want the hassle of getting them.
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\DeclareOption{noamsfonts}{}
The psamsfonts option, passed on to the amsfonts package, means that alternative .fd les should be used that do not refer to .tfm les for sizes 6,8,9
(which are not present in the PostScript (Type 1) AMS fonts set from Y&Y/Blue Sky Research). This should also trigger the cmex10 option of amsmath, to avoid trying to load sizes 79 of cmex.
\DeclareOption{psamsfonts}{% \PassOptionsToPackage{psamsfonts}{amsfonts}% 154 \PassOptionsToPackage{cmex10}{amsmath}}
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Equation numbering on the left or right The option leqnoequation numbers on the leftis the default in AMS styles. Therefore we provide also a reqno option.
\newif\iftagsleft@ \DeclareOption{leqno}{% 157 \tagsleft@true \PassOptionsToPackage{leqno}{amsmath}} 158 \DeclareOption{reqno}{% 159 \tagsleft@false \PassOptionsToPackage{reqno}{amsmath}}
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Vertical centering of equation numbers For multiline equations the equation number is by default centered vertically on the total height of the equation. To make the equation number print on the rst line (for left-hand numbers) or the last line (right-hand numbers), there is a tbtags option top/bottom tags.
\newif\ifctagsplit@ \DeclareOption{centertags}{% 162 \ctagsplit@true \PassOptionsToPackage{centertags}{amsmath}} 163 \DeclareOption{tbtags}{% 164 \ctagsplit@false \PassOptionsToPackage{tbtags}{amsmath}}
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Flush left displays The option fleqn causes displayed equations to print aligned on the left instead of centered, with an indentation of \mathindent from the prevailing left margin. If the amsmath package is loaded, most of this code will be overridden, but it seems we need it anyway because of the possibility of the nomath class option.
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\DeclareOption{fleqn}{}%
\@mainsize
Dealing with font sizes A Instead of the miserly \@ptsize variable from L TEXs ancient history that contains only the last digit of the main typesize, we set up a proper variable \@ptsize \@mainsize that contains all the digits of the main typesize. Just in case it is needed for someone using an old package, we will keep \@ptsize also.
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\newcommand{\@mainsize}{10} \newcommand{\@ptsize}{0}
This function is an easy byproduct of the work done to fold typesize-specic \smaller code into the main class le. The range of font sizes is \normalsize, \small, \Small, \SMALL, \tiny, \Tiny, \large, \Large, \LARGE, \huge, \Huge. Spaces are left at either end of the case statement to accommodate adding \TINY and \HUGE in the future but its not clear that theyre really needed.
\larger \newcommand{\larger}[1][1]{% \count@\@currsizeindex \advance\count@#1\relax 170 \ifnum\count@<\z@ \count@\z@ \else\ifnum\count@>12 \count@12 \fi\fi
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The various size-changing commands \normalsize, etc., will take care of updating \@currsizeindex.
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\ifcase\count@ \Tiny\or\Tiny\or\tiny\or\SMALL\or\Small\or\small \or\normalsize \or\large\or\Large\or\LARGE\or\huge\or\Huge\else\Huge \fi
2. IMPLEMENTATION
176 177
} \newcommand{\smaller}[1][1]{\larger[-#1]}
The \@adjustvertspacing function adapts some vertical spacing amounts to the current type size. We dont expect large sections of vertical text to occur in the extraordinarily small or large type sizes, so the \@adjustvertspacing function is only called in the range between footnote size and Large size. Notice that no shrinkability is used.
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\def\@adjustvertspacing{%
\big/med/smallskipamount are generic space values that will be used by the commands \bigskip, \medskip, \smallskip. We also link the spacing around displayed equations to these amounts.
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\bigskipamount.7\baselineskip plus.7\baselineskip \medskipamount\bigskipamount \divide\medskipamount\tw@ \smallskipamount\medskipamount \divide\smallskipamount\tw@ \abovedisplayskip\medskipamount \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
The above-display short space is zero but with the same stretchability as the above-display normal space. And the below-display short space is similar, but has a base value equal to \smallskipamount. Use of the multiplier 1 is an arcane TEX trick that coerces the skip value to a dimen value, i.e., gives us the base value of the skip register without the stretch or shrink values.
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\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip \advance\abovedisplayshortskip-1\abovedisplayskip \belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayshortskip \advance\belowdisplayshortskip 1\smallskipamount
The traditional value for \jot is 3pt, which we generalize to \baselineskip/4. This is used to adjust interline spacing in multiline displayed equations.
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\jot\baselineskip \divide\jot 4 \relax }
We ll out the range of typesize changing commands to a full eleven: ve large/huge commands and ve small/tiny commands. (The capitalization of the command names suggests that there should actually be thirteenadd \TINY and \HUGEbut lets be conservative and leave those out until a real need for them is known to exist.) An unavoidable side eect is that \tiny now selects 6pt instead of 5pt by default. In version 1.1 of amsart and amsbook \small was the same as \footnotesize (amsproc didnt exist in v. 1.1). A The only size-changing command that is predened by L TEX is \normalsize; thats why its the only one for which we use \renewcommand below.
\renewcommand\normalsize{\@xsetfontsize\normalsize 6% \@adjustvertspacing \let\@listi\@listI} 192 \DeclareRobustCommand{\Tiny}{\@xsetfontsize\Tiny 1} 193 \DeclareRobustCommand{\tiny}{\@xsetfontsize\tiny 2} 194 \DeclareRobustCommand{\SMALL}{\@xsetfontsize\SMALL 3} 195 \DeclareRobustCommand{\Small}{\@xsetfontsize\Small 4% 196 \@adjustvertspacing 197 \def\@listi{\topsep\smallskipamount \parsep\z@skip \itemsep\z@skip 198 \leftmargin=\leftmargini 199 \labelwidth=\leftmargini \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep 200 }% 201 } 202 \DeclareRobustCommand{\small}{\@xsetfontsize\small 5\@adjustvertspacing}
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For backward compatibility we had better dene \footnotesize and \scriptsize. Also there is the small discrepancy with \tiny to worry about.
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\def\footnotesize{\Small} \def\scriptsize{\SMALL}
The sizes above 10pt use magstep values, stored in the functions \@xipt, \@xiipt, etc.
\DeclareRobustCommand{\large}{\@xsetfontsize\large 7\@adjustvertspacing} \DeclareRobustCommand{\Large}{\@xsetfontsize\Large 8\@adjustvertspacing} 207 \DeclareRobustCommand{\LARGE}{\@xsetfontsize\LARGE 9} 208 \DeclareRobustCommand{\huge}{\@xsetfontsize\huge{10}} 209 \DeclareRobustCommand{\Huge}{\@xsetfontsize\Huge{11}} 210 %\DeclareRobustCommand\HUGE{\@xsetfontsize\HUGE{12}}
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So now we had better dene the \@xsetfontsize function. The sizechanging commands use \@setfontsize instead of \fontsize to (a) give an error message if used in math mode and (b) set the \@currsize variable.
\def\@xsetfontsize#1#2{% \chardef\@currsizeindex#2\relax 213 \edef\@tempa{\@nx\@setfontsize\@nx#1% 214 \@xp\ifcase\@xp\@currsizeindex\@typesizes
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Add nonsense values 99/99 at the end just in case some extreme error turns up.
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\else{99}{99}\fi}% \@tempa }
For the record lets initialize \@currsizeindex.

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\chardef\@currsizeindex=6
Set page-breaking penalties to prevent all widows, orphans, and hyphens at the end of a page.
\widowpenalty=10000 \clubpenalty=10000 221 \brokenpenalty=10000
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Set some default linespacing values. The variable \linespacing is usually the normal interline space in the main text. It is used to specify vertical space for elements such as section heads and theorems in proportion to the normal interline space.
\newdimen\linespacing \lineskip=1pt \lineskiplimit=1pt 224 \normallineskip=1pt \normallineskiplimit=1pt 225 \let\baselinestretch=\@empty
222 223
Settings for \textheight and \textwidth. We start with the value 50.5pc specied in AMS journal specications as the total height of the type block and then subtract the running head height and adjust for \topskip to get the proper value for the text block.
\headheight=8pt \headsep=14pt amsbook \footskip=18pt 228 amsart | amsproc \footskip=12pt 229 \textheight=50.5pc \topskip=10pt 230 \textwidth=30pc 231 \columnsep=10pt \columnseprule=0pt
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Some settings for marginpars.

\marginparwidth=90pt \marginparsep=11pt 234 \marginparpush=5pt
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2. IMPLEMENTATION
To avoid setting text before begin-document, we postpone the setting of \footnotesep using \AtBeginDocument.
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\AtBeginDocument{\settoheight{\footnotesep}{\footnotesize M$^1$}} \skip\footins=7pt plus11pt \skip\@mpfootins=\skip\footins \fboxsep=3pt \fboxrule=.4pt \doublerulesep=2pt \arraycolsep=\labelsep \tabbingsep=\labelsep
\arrayrulewidth=.4pt \labelsep=5pt 241 \tabcolsep=\labelsep

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\floatsep=15pt plus 12pt \dblfloatsep=15pt plus 12pt \textfloatsep=\floatsep \dbltextfloatsep=15pt plus 12pt 244 \intextsep=\floatsep \@fptop=0pt plus1fil \@fpbot=0pt plus1fil 247 \@fpsep=8pt plus2fil
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\@dblfptop=0pt plus1fil \@dblfpbot=0pt plus1fil \@dblfpsep=8pt plus2fil\relax
A Note that \parskip gets no stretch; this is at variance with the generic L TEX classes. 248
\parskip=0pt \relax
\@parboxrestore, used by \@footnotetext, sets \parindent to 0pt; since this is not what we want, we make a new dimen \normalparindent and after calling \@parboxrestore, \@footnotetext resets \parindent back to normal.
\newdimen\normalparindent amsart \normalparindent=12pt 251 amsproc | amsbook \normalparindent=18pt 252 \parindent=\normalparindent
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\partopsep=0pt \relax \parsep=0pt \relax \itemsep=0pt \relax \@highpenalty=301
\@lowpenalty=51 \@medpenalty=151 \@beginparpenalty=-\@lowpenalty 256 \@endparpenalty=-\@lowpenalty 257 \@itempenalty=-\@lowpenalty
Typesize-specic code The class option 12pt sets the main typesize to 12 pt and makes various adaptations, primarily sliding the size-changing commands up the scale of magsteps. This makes it more likely that someone with bitmapped fonts will have all the fonts and sizes that they need. The 8pt option is for those who like to conserve paper. By parameterizing some aspects it is possible to make a great deal of the typesize-specic code automatically adapt to the selected size. Then there is so little typesize-specic code remaining that it no longer makes sense to put the code in separate .clo les. So instead of analogs for the generic size10,11,12.clo les we have the code for those options entirely contained in the .cls le in the form of declared options. Some miscellaneous remarks. If PostScript fonts are used, it may seem a little strange to use fonts following the magstepd point sizes 10.95, 14.4, 17.28, 20.74, 24.88 instead of simply 11, 14, 17, 21, 25. But it is not easy for us to make that distinction here in the document class denitions of the fontsize changing commands. So we dont try.
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\DeclareOption{10pt}{\def\@mainsize{10}\def\@ptsize{0}% \def\@typesizes{%
10
There should be 11 typesize/baselineskip pairs: ve below \normalsize and ve above.

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\or{5}{6}\or{6}{7}\or{7}{8}\or{8}{10}\or{9}{11}% \or{10}{12}% normalsize \or{\@xipt}{13}\or{\@xiipt}{14}\or{\@xivpt}{17}% \or{\@xviipt}{20}\or{\@xxpt}{24}}% \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip
} % 267 \DeclareOption{11pt}{\def\@mainsize{11}\def\@ptsize{1}% 268 \def\@typesizes{% 269 \or{6}{7}\or{7}{8}\or{8}{10}\or{9}{11}\or{10}{12}% 270 \or{\@xipt}{13}% normalsize 271 \or{\@xiipt}{14}\or{\@xivpt}{17}\or{\@xviipt}{20}% 272 \or{\@xxpt}{24}\or{\@xxvpt}{30}}% 273 \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip 274 } 275 % 276 \DeclareOption{12pt}{\def\@mainsize{12}\def\@ptsize{2}% 277 \def\@typesizes{% 278 \or{7}{8}\or{8}{10}\or{9}{11}\or{10}{12}\or{\@xipt}{13}% 279 \or{\@xiipt}{14}% normalsize 280 \or{\@xivpt}{17}\or{\@xviipt}{20}\or{\@xxpt}{24}% 281 \or{\@xxvpt}{30}\or{\@xxvpt}{30}}% 282 \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip 283 } 284 % 285 \DeclareOption{8pt}{\def\@mainsize{8}\def\@ptsize{8}% 286 \def\@typesizes{% 287 \or{5}{6}\or{5}{6}\or{5}{6}\or{6}{7}\or{7}{8}% 288 \or{8}{10}% normalsize 289 \or{9}{11}\or{10}{12}\or{\@xipt}{13}% 290 \or{\@xiipt}{14}\or{\@xivpt}{17}}% 291 \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip 292 } 293 % 294 \DeclareOption{9pt}{\def\@mainsize{9}\def\@ptsize{9}% 295 \def\@typesizes{% 296 \or{5}{6}\or{5}{6}\or{6}{7}\or{7}{8}\or{8}{10}% 297 \or{9}{11}% normalsize 298 \or{10}{12}\or{\@xipt}{13}\or{\@xiipt}{14}% 299 \or{\@xivpt}{17}\or{\@xviipt}{20}}% 300 \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip 301 }
Running heads The normal application of pagestyle functions \ps@xxx is to determine the contents of running heads and feet. The function \@mkboth is used internally by commands \chapter, \section, and the like to set the running heads.
\def\ps@empty{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty 304 \let\@oddfoot\@empty \let\@evenfoot\@empty
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The current implementation in amsart/amsproc/amsbook of the vertical space at the top of an opening page uses \topskip, which means that we need to do some resetting here.
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\global\topskip\normaltopskip}
Pagestyle plain has the page numbers in the running feet.
2. IMPLEMENTATION
11
\def\ps@plain{\ps@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\scriptsize \hfil\thepage\hfil}% 308 \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}

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Pagestyle headings uses text from sectioning commands for running heads. Empty running feet.
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\newswitch{runhead}
\def\ps@headings{\ps@empty \def\@evenhead{% 312 \setTrue{runhead}% 313 \normalfont\scriptsize 314 \rlap{\thepage}\hfil 315 \def\thanks{\protect\thanks@warning}% 316 \leftmark{}{}\hfil}% 317 \def\@oddhead{% 318 \setTrue{runhead}% 319 \normalfont\scriptsize \hfil 320 \def\thanks{\protect\thanks@warning}% 321 \rightmark{}{}\hfil \llap{\thepage}}% 322 \let\@mkboth\markboth 323 amsbook 324 \def\partmark{\@secmark\markboth\partrunhead\partname}% 325 \def\chaptermark{% 326 \@secmark\markboth\chapterrunhead{}}% 327 \def\sectionmark{% 328 \@secmark\markright\sectionrunhead\sectionname}% 329 /amsbook 330 } \sectionname \subsectionname \subsubsectionname \paragraphname \subparagraphname
Initialize section headings.

\let\sectionname\@empty \let\subsectionname\@empty 333 \let\subsubsectionname\@empty 334 \let\paragraphname\@empty 335 \let\subparagraphname\@empty
331 332
The default denitions of \leftmark, \rightmark are not what we want: the section title (or whatever) reported in the right-hand running head should report the section that is current at the bottom of the right-hand page. And the left-hand running head should report the status at the top of the page. Cf. amsppt.sty.
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\def\leftmark{\expandafter\@firstoftwo\topmark{}{}} \def\rightmark{\expandafter\@secondoftwo\botmark{}{}}
Journal and Proceedings articles require an indication of the rst page so the logo and copyright line can appear.
amsart | amsproc \def\ps@firstpage{\ps@plain 340 \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\scriptsize \hfil\thepage\hfil
338 339
Stick in the reset of \topskip here so it only gets executed after the rst page is completed.
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\global\topskip\normaltopskip}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot \def\@oddhead{\@serieslogo\hss}% \let\@evenhead\@oddhead % in case an article starts on a left-hand page } /amsart | amsproc
12
\@nilgobble
Something that apparently doesnt exist in the kernel?

347
\long\def\@nilgobble#1\@nil{}
A general section-marking function. Arg 1 is either \markright or \markboth indicating which kind of marking action is desired (this gives us some string pool/hash table savings by allowing the \@secmark function to serve for both cases). Arg 2 is the function that should be called in the running head to process the remaining three args. Arg 3 is normally \xxxname (but could be empty). Arg 4 is the section-title text. Assumption: whenever \@secmark is called, the section-number variable \@secnumber has been set to the value of the current section number (possibly empty, in the case of a * section for example).
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amsbook \def\@secmark#1#2#3#4{%
We want to apply expansion to \xxxname and \thexxx but not to the other elements.
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\begingroup \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect \edef\@tempa{\endgroup \toks@{\protect#2{#3}{\@secnumber}}}% \@tempa \toks@\@xp{\the\toks@{#4}}% \afterassignment\@nilgobble\@temptokena\@themark{}\@nil \edef\@tempa{\@nx\@mkboth{% \ifx\markright#1\the\@temptokena\else\the\toks@\fi}{\the\toks@}}% \@tempa} \let\@secnumber\@empty /amsbook
If a \markright operation is called for, use the current left-mark via \@temptokena.
354 355 356 357
Init \@secnumber.
358 359
Fix \markboth so that \@secmark can work without too much thrashing.
\def\markboth#1#2{% \begingroup 362 \@temptokena{{#1}{#2}}\xdef\@themark{\the\@temptokena}% 363 \mark{\the\@temptokena}% 364 \endgroup 365 \if@nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi}
360 361
With the myheadings pagestyle, no automatic running heads will be provided by the document class; only running heads specied by the user through explicit \markboth or \markright commands will be used.
366
\def\ps@myheadings{\ps@headings \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo} \newskip\normaltopskip \normaltopskip=10pt \relax
Save normal topskip value in a skip register.

367 368
We also want to turn o all section marks. First-level section heads will be dened in \ps@headings.
\let\sectionmark\@gobble \let\subsectionmark\@gobble 371 \let\subsubsectionmark\@gobble 372 \let\paragraphmark\@gobble
369 370
Unrecognized options A The makeidx option is redundant; everything that it does in the generic L TEX classes is already done anyway in this class.
373 374
\DeclareOption{makeidx}{} /classes
2. IMPLEMENTATION
13
Unrecognized options for amsthm are treated as references to auxiliary theorem setup (.thm) les. This allows a user to create theorem styles using internal commands (with @ signs) without having to be concerned about category coding. Here is an example from the le thmtest.tex which is part of this collection. See that le for further information.
\begin{filecontents}{exercise.thm} \def\th@exercise{% \normalfont % body font \thm@headpunct{:}% } \end{filecontents}
This facility is available only when amsthm is used as an independent package, not as part of an AMS document class.
amsthm \DeclareOption*{\input{\CurrentOption .thm}} 377 \ProcessOptions 378 /amsthm
375 376
2.3
Process options
Black boxes for overfull lines are turned o by default (the final option). This can be overridden with the draft option.
379
classes \ExecuteOptions{leqno,centertags,letterpaper,portrait,% 381 10pt,twoside,onecolumn,final}

380
Options will be processed in the order of the associated \DeclareOption commands.

382
\ProcessOptions\relax
In compatibility mode, we want to load the frozen version of amstex.sty instead of the amsmath package. This is rather a horrible kluge but I cant see anything better at the moment. [mjd,1995/01/27]
\if@compatibility \def\@tempa{\RequirePackage{amstex}\relax}% 385 \else 386 \@ifclasswith{\@classname}{nomath}{% 387 \let\@tempa\relax 388 }{% 389 \def\@tempa{\RequirePackage{amsmath}\relax}% 390 }% 391 \fi 392 \@tempa % load amstex.sty or amsmath.sty
383 384
If the nomath option was specied, then \numberwithin and \@emptytoks remain to be dened.
\@ifundefined{numberwithin}{% \newcommand{\numberwithin}[3][\arabic]{% 395 \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}{% 396 \@ifundefined{c@#3}{\@nocnterr{#3}}{% 397 \@addtoreset{#2}{#3}% 398 \@xp\xdef\csname the#2\endcsname{% 399 \@xp\@nx\csname the#3\endcsname .\@nx#1{#2}}}}% 400 } 401 \csname newtoks\endcsname\@emptytoks 402 }{}
393 394
If the noamsfonts option was called for, skip the amsfonts package load.
403 404
\if@compatibility \else
14
405 406
\@ifclasswith{\@classname}{noamsfonts}{% % amsfonts package is not wanted 407 }{% 408 % amsfonts package IS wanted; test whether a recent enough version 409 % seems to be installed 410 \begingroup \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{msa}\try@load@fontshape\endgroup 411 \global\@xp\let\csname U+msa\endcsname\relax % reset 412 \@ifundefined{U/msa/m/n}{% 413 \ClassError{\@classname}{% 414 Package amsfonts not installed, or version too old?\MessageBreak 415 Unable to get font info for the msam fonts in the expected form% 416 }{% 417 The amsfonts package will not be loaded, to avoid probable\MessageBreak 418 incompatibility problems. You can (a) use the noamsfonts 419 documentclass\MessageBreak 420 option next time, or (b) check that the amsfonts package is 421 installed\MessageBreak 422 correctly, and is not too old to be compatible.% 423 }% 424 }{% 425 \RequirePackage{amsfonts}[1995/01/01]\relax 426 }% 427 } 428 \fi % end yesamsfonts branch
2.4
Basic AMS style features
AMS style requires that blank pages between chapters be really blank: no running heads, no page numbers. To accomplish this, redene \cleardoublepage to do the right thing. [bnb, 1999/07/17]
429
\let\cleardouble@page\cleardoublepage
Postpone the redenition of \cleardoublepage to begin-document to work around diculties with old versions of gsm-l.cls.
\AtBeginDocument{% \ifx\cleardouble@page\cleardoublepage 432 \def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardouble@page}} 433 \fi 434 }
430 431
Now a utility macro to do \uppercase but sidestep any math, to prevent uppercasing math variables. In order to be handled properly the $...$ or $...$ must be on the outer level (not enclosed in braces). We did not try to handle the possibility \begin{math} ... \end{math} in a title at the present time (too complicated). Also we increase inter-word space in the uppercase text. One other little problem: uppercasing of a few special characters like the German (\ss) and the undotted i and j (\i and \j), used sometimes with accents. We redene them to be uppercase equivalents. (Undotted \i and \j in math would be typed as \imath and \jmath.) Spaceskip is changed in accordance with recommendations for increased interword spacing in all-caps text by e.g. Words into Type.
\newcommand{\uppercasenonmath}[1]{\toks@\@emptytoks % Insert an extra \@empty to avoid removing braces around arg \arg{1}. 437 \@xp\@skipmath\@xp\@empty#1$$%
435 436
The \protect here is in case the shorttitle gets used for shortauthors and we get redundant application of \MakeUppercase. Double braces limit the scope so that later elements in title block arent uppercased, e.g., \i in an address. [bnb, 2004/04/01]
438
\edef#1{{\@nx\protect\@nx\@upprep\the\toks@}}%
2. IMPLEMENTATION
15
439
\@upprep
Preparations for printing all-caps text.

\newcommand{\@upprep}{% \spaceskip1.3\fontdimen2\font plus1.3\fontdimen3\font 442 \upchars@}
440 441
\upchars@
In all-caps text, esszet should print as SS, dotless i should print as normal cap I, Mc should print with a small-caps (not lowercase) c, and so forth.
\newcommand{\upchars@}{% \def\ss{SS}\def\i{I}\def\j{J}\def\ae{\AE}\def\oe{\OE}% 445 \def\o{\O}\def\aa{\AA}\def\l{\L}\def\Mc{M{\scshape c}}}
443 444
\Mc
The use of \Mc makes it possible for Mc to get special treatment when uppercasing is applied.
446
\providecommand{\Mc}{Mc}
\@skipmath searches for $...$ in order to keep from applying \uppercase to \@xskipmath the contents. Then it calls \@xskipmath to search for $...$.
\@skipmath \newcommand{\@skipmath}{} \long\def\@skipmath#1$#2${% 449 \@xskipmath#1% 450 \@ifnotempty{#2}{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@$#2$}\@skipmath\@empty}}% 451 % 452 \newcommand{\@xskipmath}{} 453 \long\def\@xskipmath#1$#2${% 454 % Expand away the added \@empty 455 \uppercase{\toks@\@xp\@xp\@xp{\@xp\the\@xp\toks@#1}}% 456 \@ifnotempty{#2}{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@$#2$}\@xskipmath\@empty}}%
447 448
\altucnm \def\altucnm#1{% \MakeTextUppercase{\toks@{#1}}% 459 \edef#1{\the\toks@}% 460 } 461 \AtBeginDocument{% 462 \@ifundefined{MakeTextUppercase}{}{\let\uppercasenonmath\altucnm}% 463 }
457 458 A For older versions of L TEX this might be needed too: 464
\@ifundefined{MakeUppercase}{\let\MakeUppercase\uppercase}{}%
\today
The command \today produces todays date in the form most commonly used in the U.S.
\newcommand{\today}{% \relax\ifcase\month\or 467 January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or 468 July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi 469 \space\number\day, \number\year}
465 466
2.5
Old font commands
The \em command is not redened here (lets say, to give an obsolete warning and recommend instead \emph) because there is no alternative internal command \emshape.
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm} \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf} 472 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
470 471
16
473
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf} \DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} 475 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl} 476 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}

474
This warning might have been a good idea back in 1995 but I dont think we can add it now [mjd,2000/03/10].
%\if@compatibility %\else % \def\@obsolete@fontswitch#1#2#3{% % \@latex@warning@no@line{% % Command {\string#1...}\on@line\space is obsolete;\MessageBreak % the LaTeX2e equivalent is \string#3{...}}% % \gdef#1{\@fontswitch\relax#3}% % } % \DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{% % \@xp\@obsolete@fontswitch\csname cal \endcsname\relax\mathcal} % \DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{% % \@xp\@obsolete@fontswitch\csname mit \endcsname\relax\mathnormal} %\fi
Theres too great a chance that some people out there have documents that begin with
\documentclass{amsart} ... \newcommand{\cal}{\mathcal}
and such documents would now get error messages. A Since \cal is not documented as a valid command for L TEX 2 /, I think it is OK to leave the status as is for AMS document classes. If you use \documentstyle, \cal will work. If you use \documentclass, well, its a good idea to update to \mathcal instead of leaving old instances of \cal.
2.6
Top matter
For the \title command, we support an optional argument to give a shortened version of the title for running heads.
477
\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{\gdef\shorttitle{#1}\gdef\@title{#2}}
The default value for the optional argument is same as the mandatory arg but there doesnt seem to be an easy way to get that eect with \[re]newcommand. Here is how to use \@dblarg in conjunction with the preceding \newcommand:
478 479
\edef\title{\@nx\@dblarg \@xp\@nx\csname\string\title\endcsname}
The \author command accepts an optional argument similar to that of the \title command. Moved update of \addresses within scope of \else to avoid adding anything if no authors, and thus avoiding output of Author address on monograph titlepage. [bnb, 1996/11/03]
\renewcommand{\author}[2][]{% \ifx\@empty\authors 482 \gdef\authors{#2}% 483 \else 484 \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#2}% 485 \g@addto@macro\addresses{\author{}}% 486 \fi 487 \@ifnotempty{#1}{% 488 \ifx\@empty\shortauthors 489 \gdef\shortauthors{#1}% 490 \else 491 \g@addto@macro\shortauthors{\and#1}%
480 481
2. IMPLEMENTATION
17
492 493 494 495
\fi }%
} \edef\author{\@nx\@dblarg 496 \@xp\@nx\csname\string\author\endcsname}
Initialize some variables.

497
\let\shortauthors\@empty
\let\authors\@empty
\contrib
Contributors are similar to authors except that they are responsible for only part of a work, e.g., an appendix. The optional argument for the rst contributor of a group identies what has been contributed. There can be more than one group of contributors; each group is treated separately, using the same and conventions within the group as for authors. Contributor groups are strung together separated by a comma; if the word and is desired before the nal group of contributors, it must be included in the optional argument for that group.
amsart | amsproc \newif\ifresetcontrib \resetcontribfalse 500 \newcommand\contrib[2][]{% 501 \def\@tempa{#1}% 502 \ifx\@empty\@tempa 503 \else 504 \ifresetcontrib \@xcontribs 505 \else \global\resetcontribtrue 506 \fi 507 \fi 508 \ifx\@empty\contribs 509 \gdef\contribs{#1 #2}% 510 \else 511 \g@addto@macro\contribs{\and#1 #2}% 512 \fi
498 499
Accumulate contribs separately for the table of contents. Here, this is just a dummy; it is fully dened for in-house processing.
\@wraptoccontribs{#1}{#2}% } 515 \def\wraptoccontribs#1#2{} 516 \def\@xcontribs{% 517 \author@andify\contribs 518 \ifx\@empty\xcontribs 519 \xdef\xcontribs{\contribs}% 520 \else 521 \xdef\xcontribs{\xcontribs, \contribs}% 522 \fi 523 \let\contribs\@empty 524 }
513 514
Initialize some more variables.

\let\contribs\@empty \let\xcontribs\@empty \let\toccontribs\@empty /amsart | amsproc 527 \let\addresses\@empty \let\thankses\@empty
525 526
The optional arguments of \address, \curraddr, \email are to indicate which author the address applies to, if a document has multiple authors and there is not a normal one-to-one correspondence between authors and addresses.
\newcommand{\address}[2][]{\g@addto@macro\addresses{\address{#1}{#2}}} \newcommand{\curraddr}[2][]{\g@addto@macro\addresses{\curraddr{#1}{#2}}} 530 \newcommand{\email}[2][]{\g@addto@macro\addresses{\email{#1}{#2}}} 531 \newcommand{\urladdr}[2][]{\g@addto@macro\addresses{\urladdr{#1}{#2}}}
528 529
18
Someone who does not look closely at the amsart documentation is likely to put the \thanks command inside that argument of \author.
\long\def\thanks@warning#1{% \ClassError{\@classname}{% 534 \protect\thanks\space should be given separately, not inside author name.% 535 }\@ehb 536 }
532 533
\renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{% \@ifnotempty{#1}{\g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{#1}}}% 539 }

537 538
The following example of addresses for three authors of a tri-author paper illustrates the kind of complications that need to be handled.
\author{Roland Campbell} \address{Department of Mathematics\\ Pennsylvania State University\\ Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 13593} \email[R.~Campbell]{campr@@galois.psu.edu} \author{Mark M. Dane} % Same address as R. Campbell \curraddr[M.~Dane]{Atmospheric Research Station\\ Pala Lundi, Fiji} \email[M.~Dane]{DaneMark@@ffr.choice} \author{Jeremiah Jones} \address[J.~Jones]{Department of Philosophy\\ Freedman College\\ Periwinkle, Colorado 84320} \email[J.~Jones]{id739e@@oseoi44 (Bitnet)}
In an article, typesetting of the address information is done at the end of the document, by calling \@setaddresses. This is done through a parent function \enddoc@text, because some AMS journals also print the abstract there instead of at the beginning, and its easier to redene \enddoc@text than to try undoing material already added to the \AtEndDocument hook.
amsart | amsproc \def\enddoc@text{\ifx\@empty\@translators \else\@settranslators\fi 542 \ifx\@empty\addresses \else\@setaddresses\fi} 543 \AtEndDocument{\enddoc@text} 544 /amsart | amsproc
540 541
\def\curraddrname{{\itshape Current address}} \def\emailaddrname{{\itshape E-mail address}} 547 \def\urladdrname{{\itshape URL}} 548 \def\@setaddresses{\par 549 \nobreak \begingroup 550 amsart | amsproc \footnotesize 551 \def\author##1{\nobreak\addvspace\bigskipamount}%
545 546
Address is supposed to go all on one line, so we redene \\ to just insert a comma instead of doing a line break.
552
\def\\{\unskip, \ignorespaces}%
No page breaks in the address section is accomplished by \interlinepenalty\@M and by the \nobreak before the \bigskip.
553 554
\interlinepenalty\@M \def\address##1##2{\begingroup \par\addvspace\bigskipamount\indent
If there are two addresses for the same author, add a \bigskip between them.
555
2. IMPLEMENTATION
19
If the name of the author to whom this address applies was given, typeset it.
556
\@ifnotempty{##1}{(\ignorespaces##1\unskip) }% {\scshape\ignorespaces##2}\par\endgroup}% \def\curraddr##1##2{\begingroup \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\curraddrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space ##2\par}\endgroup}%
Now the main part of the address:

557
Current address:
558 559 560 561
And then email. In versions 1.0 and 1.1 @@ was required to print a single @ character; for bulletproong we convert doubled @ characters if found.
562 563 564 565
\def\email##1##2{\begingroup \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\emailaddrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space \ttfamily##2\par}\endgroup}%
URLaddr is simply a replica of the email address, with the addition of a feature to enable ~ to print.
566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573
\def\urladdr##1##2{\begingroup \def~{\char\~}% \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\urladdrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space \ttfamily##2\par}\endgroup}% \addresses \endgroup }
Some other administrative info. For \date we can just use the default defA inition provided by L TEX, except that we initialize the date to empty instead of to \today.
\let\@date\@empty \def\dedicatory#1{\def\@dedicatory{#1}} 576 \let\@dedicatory=\@empty 577 \def\keywords#1{\def\@keywords{#1}} 578 \let\@keywords=\@empty
574 575
To allow various versions of the subject classication, accept an optional value to identify the version, provide text for the two currently in use, and give a warning if the version specied is unknown. Default to 1991 version. [bnb, 1999/04/30]
\newcommand*\subjclass[2][1991]{% \def\@subjclass{#2}% 581 \@ifundefined{subjclassname@#1}{% 582 \ClassWarning{\@classname}{Unknown edition (#1) of Mathematics 583 Subject Classification; using 1991.}% 584 }{% 585 \@xp\let\@xp\subjclassname\csname subjclassname@#1\endcsname 586 }% 587 } 588 \let\@subjclass=\@empty 589 amsart \def\commby#1{\def\@commby{(Communicated by #1)}} 590 amsart \let\@commby=\@empty
579 580
We handle translator names like author names, just in case there is more than one translator. [mjd,1994/10/19]
\def\translname{Translated by} \def\translator#1{% 593 \ifx\@empty\@translators \def\@translators{#1}%
591 592
20
594 595 596 597
\else\g@addto@macro\@translators{\and#1}\fi} \let\@translators=\@empty
amsart | amsproc \def\@settranslators{\par\begingroup 598 \addvspace{6\p@\@plus9\p@}% 599 \hbox to\columnwidth{\hss\normalfont\normalsize 600 \translname{ }% 601 \andify\@translators \uppercasenonmath\@translators 602 \@translators} 603 \endgroup 604 } 605 /amsart | amsproc
The general function to convert a list of items in the form

A\and B\and C\and D
to the form A, B, C, and D is \xandlist:

\xandlist{, }{ and }{, and }{A\and B\and C\and D}
This is a completely expandable macro, with the return value being the converted list. There is also a no-execute version whose fourth argument should be a macro; the text to be converted will be taken from that macro and after conversion will be put back as the macros new replacement text.
\nxandlist{, }{ and }{, and }\result
I dont think I want to explain this except by recommending that you watch it in operation with \tracingmacros if youre interested. [mjd,1994/10/19]
\newcommand{\xandlist}[4]{\@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}#4\and\and} \def\@andlista#1#2\and#3\and{\@andlistc{#2}\@ifnotempty{#3}{% 608 \@andlistb#1{#3}}} 609 \def\@andlistb#1#2#3#4#5\and{% 610 \@ifempty{#5}{% 611 \@andlistc{#2#4}% 612 }{% 613 \@andlistc{#1#4}\@andlistb{#1}{#3}{#3}{#5}% 614 }} 615 \let\@andlistc\@iden 616 \newcommand{\nxandlist}[4]{% 617 \def\@andlistc##1{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@##1}}% 618 \toks@{\toks@\@emptytoks \@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}% 619 \the\@xp\toks@#4\and\and 620 \edef#4{\the\toks@}% 621 \let\@andlistc\@iden}
606 607
andify
The \andify function is provided as a convenient abbreviation for the most common case. See also \author@andify (for amsart and amsproc only), which gives better results in cases with a large number of authors. Provide a substitutable text string to simplify language-specic modications.
\def\@@and{and} \newcommand{\andify}{% 624 \nxandlist{\unskip, }{\unskip{} \@@and~}{\unskip, \@@and~}}
622 623 A Override the funny default denition of \and from L TEX. This is not actually used by AMS classes, however. 625
\def\and{\unskip{ }\@@and{ }\ignorespaces}
maketitle
Set up the style of an article opening page. For books, see below. For articles, we must add the copyright info footnote.
626
amsart | amsproc
2. IMPLEMENTATION
21
\def\maketitle{\par \@topnum\z@ % this prevents figures from falling at the top of page 1 629 \@setcopyright 630 \thispagestyle{firstpage}% this sets first page specifications
627 628
Do some setup for the running heads here. If there are no author names, we set the left-hand running head to the value of the right-hand running head.
631 632 633 634
\uppercasenonmath\shorttitle \ifx\@empty\shortauthors \let\shortauthors\shorttitle \else \andify\shortauthors \fi
The following hook is used to activate the writing of author and title information to an issue table of contents when multiple articles are being processed for a journal issue or a proceedings volume.
635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648
\@maketitle@hook \begingroup \@maketitle \toks@\@xp{\shortauthors}\@temptokena\@xp{\shorttitle}% \toks4{\def\\{ \ignorespaces}}% defend against questionable usage \edef\@tempa{% \@nx\markboth{\the\toks4 \@nx\MakeUppercase{\the\toks@}}{\the\@temptokena}}% \@tempa \endgroup \c@footnote\z@ \@cleartopmattertags
} \def\@cleartopmattertags{% 649 \def\do##1{\let##1\relax}% 650 \do\maketitle \do\@maketitle \do\title \do\@xtitle \do\@title 651 \do\author \do\@xauthor \do\address \do\@xaddress 652 \do\contrib \do\contribs \do\xcontribs \do\toccontribs 653 \do\email \do\@xemail \do\curraddr \do\@xcurraddr 654 amsart \do\commby \do\@commby 655 \do\dedicatory \do\@dedicatory \do\thanks \do\thankses 656 \do\keywords \do\@keywords \do\subjclass \do\@subjclass 657 } 658 /amsart | amsproc
The hook \@maketitle@hook is placed into \maketitle rather than \@maketitle because the latter tends to get redened by derived classes using this one as a base. The initial motivation for this hook is to extract title and author information to an external le, so we cant do it with \AtBeginDocument: \title and \author commands might occur between \begin{document} and \maketitle.
amsart | amsproc \def\@maketitle@hook{\global\let\@maketitle@hook\@empty} 661 /amsart | amsproc
659 660
Set up the style of an article opening page.

662 663
amsart | amsproc \def\@maketitle{%
Set font to normal, just in case.

664
\normalfont\normalsize
Special footnotes are put here to ensure that they come rst at the bottom of the page.
665
\@adminfootnotes
22
If \pagestyle{myheadings} was specied, \@mkboth will be a no-op.

666 667 668 669 670
\@mkboth{\@nx\shortauthors}{\@nx\shorttitle}% amsproc \global\topskip8pc\relax % 10pc to base of first title line amsart \global\topskip42\p@\relax % 5.5pc " " " " " \@settitle \ifx\@empty\authors \else \@setauthors \fi \ifx\@empty\@dedicatory \else amsproc \baselineskip26\p@ amsart \baselineskip18\p@ \vtop{\centering{\footnotesize\itshape\@dedicatory\@@par}% \global\dimen@i\prevdepth}\prevdepth\dimen@i \fi \@setabstract
Likewise with \@dedicatory and \@date.

671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678
Space before the main text should be 32 + 14 base-to-base; we accomplish this by doing a vskip of that amount with \baselineskip subtracted.
\normalsize \if@titlepage 681 \newpage 682 \else 683 \dimen@34\p@ \advance\dimen@-\baselineskip 684 \vskip\dimen@\relax 685 \fi 686 } % end \@maketitle
679 680
Segregate the denitions of administrative footnotes to permit easier customization, especially for translation journals.
\def\@adminfootnotes{% \let\@makefnmark\relax \let\@thefnmark\relax 689 amsart \ifx\@empty\@date\else \@footnotetext{\@setdate}\fi 690 \ifx\@empty\@subjclass\else \@footnotetext{\@setsubjclass}\fi 691 \ifx\@empty\@keywords\else \@footnotetext{\@setkeywords}\fi
687 688
In order to make multiple thanks footnotes work inside a single \@footnotetext argument we need to make the rst \par be ignored. Cf. \@setthanks.
692 693 694 695 696
\ifx\@empty\thankses\else \@footnotetext{% \def\par{\let\par\@par}\@setthanks}% \fi } /amsart | amsproc
2.7
Journal/series logo for articles
\publname either will be dened by a parent class that is calling amsart or amsproc as a base class, or will be absent, in which case this can be used as a signal to omit the \@serieslogo. A typical value for \publname would be
\def\publname{JOURNAL OF THE\newline AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY}
Initialize \publname and \@serieslogo to no-op if \publname is not already dened.

amsart | amsproc \AtBeginDocument{% 699 \@ifundefined{publname}{% 700 \let\publname\@empty 701 \let\@serieslogo\@empty 702 }{% 703 amsart \def\@serieslogo{\article@logo}%
697 698
2. IMPLEMENTATION
23
704
amsproc \def\@serieslogo{\procart@logo}% }% 706 } 707 /amsart | amsproc

705
The \number prex on current issue is to work around inconsistencies in the form of issue numbers as passed in from system level. Sometimes they will get passed in with a leading zero, which we dont want to print if it happens to occur. The 0 prevents an error if \currentissue happens to be empty.
amsart \AtBeginDocument{% 710 \@ifundefined{volinfo}{% 711 \def\volinfo{% 712 Volume \currentvolume, Number \number0\currentissue
708 709
Month/year is not included initially when a journal article is posted on the WWW prior to print publication.
713 714 715 716 717
\if\@printyear , \currentmonth\ \currentyear\fi }% }{}%
} \def\@printyear{TF}% boolean false 718 /amsart amsproc \AtBeginDocument{% 721 \@ifundefined{volinfo}{\let\volinfo\@empty}{} 722 } 723 /amsproc
719 720
Default values for information such as volume, year, and so on are provided as follows.
amsart | amsproc \def\issueinfo#1#2#3#4{\def\currentvolume{#1}\def\currentissue{#2}% 726 \def\currentmonth{#3}\def\currentyear{#4}} 727 \issueinfo{00}% volume number 728 {0}% % issue number 729 {Xxxx}% % month 730 {XXXX}% % year 731 /amsart | amsproc
724 725
Copyright year may be dierent from issue year. Allow it to be specied separately. It is probably more natural anyway, from the users perspective, to give the copyright year in the same command when giving the name of the copyright holder.
\newcommand{\copyrightinfo}[2]{% \def\copyrightyear{#1}% 734 \@ifnotempty{#2}{\def\copyrightholder{#2}}% 735 } 736 \copyrightinfo{0000}{(copyright holder)}
732 733
Provide page span information. If negative number is given, convert to roman numeral form.
amsart | amsproc \def\pagespan#1#2{\setcounter{page}{#1}% 739 \ifnum\c@page<\z@ \pagenumbering{roman}\setcounter{page}{-#1}\fi 740 \def\start@page{#1}\def\end@page{#2}} 741 \pagespan{000}{000} 742 /amsart | amsproc
737 738
Formatting for journal page numbers. [bnb, 1996/09/11]
24
743
amsart \AtBeginDocument{% 745 \@ifundefined{pageinfo}{% 746 \def\pageinfo{% 747 \ifnum\start@page=\z@ 748 Pages 000--000 749 \else 750 \ifx\start@page\end@page 751 Page \start@page 752 \else 753 Pages \start@page--\end@page 754 \fi 755 \fi}% 756 }{}% 757 } 758 /amsart
744
Publisher Item Identier (we started using them in journal logos as of January 1997).
759 760 761
amsart \@ifundefined{ISSN}{\def\ISSN{0000-0000}}{} amsart \newcommand\PII[1]{\def\@PII{#1}} amsart \PII{S \ISSN(XX)0000-0}
2.8
Copyright block
Doing the copyright info on the rst page is a little tricky. We want it to come at the bottom, after any footnotes and oating inserts, but before the page number. If we simply put it into \@oddfoot (in \ps@plain) its height will not be subtracted from the height of the text and then the page number will be lower than we want. So we do it as an insert. Through version 1.2, this code was included only for amsart and amsproc; the formatting of some book series requires an insert at the bottom of the text block, so this code has been extended to all AMS document classes. [bnb, 1999/07/14]
762
\newinsert\copyins
We set the skip register associated with this insert to the base-to-base distance from the bottom of the page contents to the base of the rst line in the copyright info. See the denition of \@setcopyright.
\skip\copyins=1.5pc \count\copyins=1000 % magnification factor, 1000 = 100% 765 \dimen\copyins=.5\textheight % maximum allowed per page
763 764
\copyins is ignored if a oat is input on the rst page; adding it to \@reinserts will make the output routine behave. [bnb; 2004/06/09; B-365]
\g@addto@macro\@reinserts{% \ifvoid\copyins\else\insert\copyins{\unvbox\copyins}\fi 768 }
766 767
Put the contents into a TEX insert. This information is omitted unless \@serieslogo is non-null. In other words it will normally not print except when an AMS publication-specic document class such as tran-l is used. And even if the series logo is printed, omit the copyright line if requested by \coprightinfo{}{}. [bnb, 1996/10/17]
\def\@copyinsfontsize{\fontsize{6}{7\p@}\normalfont\upshape} \newif\if@extracrline \@extracrlinefalse 771 \let\@extracrline\@empty 772 \relax 773 \def\@setcopyright{% 774 \ifx\@empty\@serieslogo
769 770
2. IMPLEMENTATION
25
775 776 777 778 779 780
\else\ifx\@empty\copyrightyear \else \insert\copyins{\hsize\textwidth \parfillskip\z@\relax \leftskip\z@\@plus.9\textwidth\relax \rightskip\z@\relax \@copyinsfontsize
The spacing between the preceding text and the copyright info is done with a strut of height \skip\copyins. (Note that \lineskip and \baselineskip are A 0 in the L TEX output routine.) The negative vskip gives an eective distance of 0 from the top of the box to the base of the rst line (assuming \skip\copyins is greater than the height of that line). Then the apparent total height of the box will work well with TEXs calculations involving \skip\copyins for how much room to leave for this object. An extra 6pt is allowed when an additional line is present; this adjustment was found adequate in some borderline cases where tight pages reset with the additional line had text lines moved to the next page, causing the paper length to expand by a page. [bnb, 2004/05/07-06/24]
781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790
\everypar{}% \vskip-\skip\copyins \if@extracrline \vskip-6pt \fi \nointerlineskip \leavevmode\hfill\vrule\@width\z@\@height\skip\copyins \copyright\copyrightyear\ \copyrightholder\ignorespaces \if@extracrline \@extracrline \fi \par
This kern of 0pt forces the depth of the last line (if any) to be added to the height of the box.
791 792 793
\kern\z@}% \fi\fi }
When \@combinefloats is called, the box \@outputbox already contains A the main text of the page and any footnotes. Then L TEX adds top and bottom gures. We want to add our copyright info at the very bottom, but still inside of the vbox.
\def\@combinefloats{% \ifx \@toplist\@empty \else \@cflt \fi 796 \ifx \@botlist\@empty \else \@cflb \fi 797 \ifvoid\copyins \else \@cflci \fi 798 }
794 795
combine-oats-copyright-insert In the twocolumn/rstcolumn case, postpone adding the drop folio. Put an empty box of the same height at the bottom of the left-hand column to make the columns balance. Allow a smidge of stretch in case the rst page of a chapter has no internal stretch, so that the drop folio will be ush to the bottom of the text block; dont do this for a twocolumn page, to avoid an uneven bottom.
\def\@cflci{% \setbox\@outputbox\vbox{% 801 \unvbox\@outputbox 802 \vskip\skip\copyins 803 \if@twocolumn \else \vskip\z@ plus\p@ \fi 804 \hbox to\columnwidth{% 805 \hss\vbox to\z@{\vss
799 800
In two-column layout, put an empty box in the rst column instead of the drop folio.
26
806 807 808 809 810 811
\if@twocolumn \if@firstcolumn \else \unvbox\copyins \fi \else \unvbox\copyins \fi }}}%
Now redo the insert to make sure we get the right amount of space reserved for it in the second column.
812 813 814
\if@twocolumn \if@firstcolumn \insert\copyins{\unvbox\copyins}% \fi\fi
Reset the \copyins ag so that a subsequent insert (e.g. \@dropfolio in some book series) will work.
815 816
\global\count\copyins=999 \relax }
[End of code to support inserts at end of text block.] For journals only, provide a switch that indicates the author has agreed to revert copyright to the public domain; this results in an addition to the copyright block on the article.
amsart \newif\if@revertcopyright \@revertcopyrightfalse 819 \newcommand{\revertcopyright}{% 820 \global\@revertcopyrighttrue 821 \global\@extracrlinetrue}
817 818
Add notation regarding reversion of copyright to public domain if author has agreed to it. Permit this to be set in a dierent size than the copyright line (required for some author packages).
\def\@revertcrfontsize{\fontsize{6}{7\p@}\normalfont\upshape} \def\@extracrline{% 824 \if@revertcopyright 825 \unskip\\ 826 \@revertcrfontsize 827 Reverts to public domain 28 years from publication 828 \fi 829 } 830 /amsart
822 823
2.9
831 832
Other top matter info

\newcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract} \newcommand{\keywordsname}{Key words and phrases}
Some name setup.
For now, support just the two most recent versions; earlier versions were: 1980 Mathematics Subject Classication 1980 Mathematics Subject Classication (1985 Revision) Default to the 1991 edition, as thats what is in production at the time this change is made. [bnb, 1999/04/30]
\newcommand{\subjclassname}{% \textup{1991} Mathematics Subject Classification} 835 \@xp\let\csname subjclassname@1991\endcsname \subjclassname 836 \@namedef{subjclassname@2000}{% 837 \textup{2000} Mathematics Subject Classification}
833 834
For the date we have a special little problem: We only want to add the Received by the editors text for publication-specic document classes such as tran-l.
838
amsbook \def\@tempb{amsbook}
2. IMPLEMENTATION
27
amsproc \def\@tempb{amsproc} amsart \def\@tempb{amsart} 841 \ifx\@classname\@tempb 842 \newcommand{\datename}{\textit{Date}:} 843 \else 844 \newcommand{\datename}{Received by the editors} 845 \fi
839 840
amsart | amsproc \def\@settitle{\begin{center}% 848 amsart \baselineskip14\p@\relax 849 amsproc \Large 850 \bfseries 851 amsart \uppercasenonmath\@title 852 \@title 853 \end{center}% 854 } 855 /amsart | amsproc
846 847
For multiple authors we need to combine the author names into a list of the form Author One, Author Two, . . . , and Author Last. Change line breaking penalties to avoid a line break in the middle of an author name if there are a lot of authors. This should probably better be done by changing spaces within author names to \nolinebreak[3]\space, but that would take more work. [mjd,2000/12/27]
amsart | amsproc \def\author@andify{% 858 \nxandlist {\unskip ,\penalty-1 \space\ignorespaces}% 859 {\unskip {} \@@and~}% 860 {\unskip ,\penalty-2 \space \@@and~}% 861 }
856 857
\def\@setauthors{% \begingroup 864 \def\thanks{\protect\thanks@warning}% 865 \trivlist 866 amsart \centering\footnotesize \@topsep30\p@\relax 867 amsart \advance\@topsep by -\baselineskip 868 amsproc \centering \fontsize{11}{13\p@}\selectfont\@topsep13\p@\relax 869 \item\relax 870 \author@andify\authors
862 863
Make dbl-backslash robust to prevent problems if/when \MakeTextUppercase expansion is applied.

\def\\{\protect\linebreak}% amsart \MakeUppercase{\authors}% 873 amsproc \authors 874 \ifx\@empty\contribs 875 \else 876 ,\penalty-3 \space \@setcontribs 877 \@closetoccontribs 878 \fi 879 \endtrivlist 880 \endgroup 881 } 882 \def\@closetoccontribs{} 883 \def\@setcontribs{% 884 \@xcontribs 885 amsart \MakeUppercase{\xcontribs}% 886 amsproc \xcontribs
871 872
28
887
} \def\@setdate{\datename\ \@date\@addpunct.} 889 \def\@setsubjclass{% 890 {\itshape\subjclassname.}\enspace\@subjclass\@addpunct.} 891 \def\@setkeywords{% 892 {\itshape \keywordsname.}\enspace \@keywords\@addpunct.} 893 /amsart | amsproc
888
The following denitions suce for all the AMS document classes.
894
\def\@setthanks{\def\thanks##1{\par##1\@addpunct.}\thankses}
Abstract can be changed to, say, R esum e (French) by redening \abstractname. This and other control sequence names (\refname, \contentsname, \appendixname, and so on) are compatible with the babel package (the AMS sometimes publishes articles in languages other than English.) In AMS document classes, the abstract should be placed before \maketitle (otherwise the desired ordering of frontmatter elements cannot be ensured in all cases).
895
\newbox\abstractbox
We start by checking whether \maketitle has already been used (in which case it was reset to \relax); if so, we give a warning that the abstract should be placed before \maketitle.
\newenvironment{abstract}{% \ifx\maketitle\relax 898 \ClassWarning{\@classname}{Abstract should precede 899 \protect\maketitle\space in AMS document classes; reported}% 900 \fi 901 \global\setbox\abstractbox=\vtop \bgroup 902 \normalfont\Small 903 \list{}{\labelwidth\z@ 904 \leftmargin3pc \rightmargin\leftmargin 905 \listparindent\normalparindent \itemindent\z@ 906 \parsep\z@ \@plus\p@
896 897
In order to get equation numbers indented with the rest of the abstract, we have to do this:
907 908 909 910 911
\let\fullwidthdisplay\relax }% \item[\hskip\labelsep\scshape\abstractname.]% }{% \endlist\egroup
If the abstract was supposed to be typeset earlier, then \@setabstract is now equal to \relax, and we had better drop the contents of the abstract box onto the page immediately, to salvage the situation as best we can.
912 913
\ifx\@setabstract\relax \@setabstracta \fi }
Because the abstract might be postponed until the end of an article, we cannot simply use the fact of a preceding \maketitle to tell whether \endabstract should immediately put the abstract box contents on the page. So we use an auxiliary function that will be reset to no-op once we have passed the point where the abstract should normally be typeset.
\def\@setabstract{\@setabstracta \global\let\@setabstract\relax} \def\@setabstracta{% 916 \ifvoid\abstractbox 917 \else 918 \skip@20\p@ \advance\skip@-\lastskip 919 \advance\skip@-\baselineskip \vskip\skip@
914 915
2. IMPLEMENTATION
29
920 921 922 923
\box\abstractbox \prevdepth\z@ % because \abstractbox is a vtop \fi }
Title page environment does nothing much; information and formatting to be provided by the user.
\def\titlepage{% amsbook \cleardoublepage 926 amsart | amsproc \clearpage 927 \thispagestyle{empty}\setcounter{page}{0}} 928 \def\endtitlepage{\newpage}
924 925
2.10
Macros for list labels
Through version 1.2, rst-level enumerated item labels were formatted with a following period, which is not AMS style. Eective with version 2.0 these labels are formatted with parentheses. Anyone requiring the period style will have to redene \labelenumi.
\def\labelenumi{(\theenumi)} \def\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi} 931 \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)} 932 \def\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii} 933 \def\p@enumii{\theenumi} 934 \def\labelenumiii{(\theenumiii)} 935 \def\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii} 936 \def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)} 937 \def\labelenumiv{(\theenumiv)} 938 \def\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv} 939 \def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
929 930
\def\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$} \def\labelitemii{\bfseries --}% \upshape already done by \itemize 942 \def\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$} 943 \def\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
940 941
2.11
944 945
Verse and quotation environments
\newenvironment{verse}{\let\\\@centercr \list{}{\itemsep\z@ \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent\itemindent 946 \rightmargin\leftmargin \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]% 947 }{% 948 \endlist 949 } 950 \let\endverse=\endlist % for efficiency
The left/right margins of the quotation environment are supposed to be the same as for the abstract environment.
951 952
\newenvironment{quotation}{\list{}{% \leftmargin3pc \listparindent\normalparindent 953 \itemindent\z@ 954 \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep\z@ \@plus\p@}% 955 \item[]% 956 }{% 957 \endlist 958 } 959 \let\endquotation=\endlist % for efficiency 960 \newenvironment{quote}{% 961 \list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]% 962 }{% 963 \endlist 964 }
30
965
\let\endquote=\endlist % for efficiency
2.12
List environments
Changed denition of \trivlist, enumerate, and itemize in order to have \makelabel apply \upshape.
\def\trivlist{\parsep\parskip\@nmbrlistfalse \@trivlist \labelwidth\z@ \leftmargin\z@ 968 \itemindent\z@ 969 \let\@itemlabel\@empty 970 \def\makelabel##1{\upshape##1}}
966 967
\renewenvironment{enumerate}{% \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else 973 \advance\@enumdepth \@ne 974 \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\list 975 {\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}{\usecounter 976 {\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{\upshape##1}}}\fi 977 }{% 978 \endlist 979 } 980 \let\endenumerate=\endlist % for efficiency
971 972
\renewenvironment{itemize}{% \ifnum\@itemdepth>3 \@toodeep 983 \else \advance\@itemdepth\@ne 984 \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}% 985 \list{\csname\@itemitem\endcsname}% 986 {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{\upshape##1}}}% 987 \fi 988 }{% 989 \endlist 990 } 991 \let\enditemize=\endlist % for efficiency
981 982 992 993
\newcommand{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace\labelsep \upshape\bfseries #1:} \newenvironment{description}{\list{}{%
Adjust the indent of the rst line to the desired value:

994 995 996 997 998
\advance\leftmargini6\p@ \itemindent-12\p@ \labelwidth\z@ \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}% }{
\endlist } 999 \let\enddescription=\endlist % for efficiency \upn
The command \upn can be used to force upright font for punctuation or digits in italic text. For example
... as numbered by \upn{A} or \upn{1} hereafter\upn{)}
1000
\let\upn=\textup
Since these margin settings are dependent on the fonts used, we postpone them until begin-document. (This means that we cannot use the values directly for calculations before begin-document.) Allow for a reasonable maximum value; 13 = xiii = m should be adequate.
\AtBeginDocument{% \labelsep=5pt\relax 1003 \setcounter{enumi}{13}\setcounter{enumii}{13}% 1004 \setcounter{enumiii}{13}\setcounter{enumiv}{13}% 1005 \settowidth\leftmargini{\labelenumi\hskip\labelsep}%
1001 1002
2. IMPLEMENTATION
31
1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015
\advance\leftmargini by \normalparindent \settowidth\leftmarginii{\labelenumii\hskip\labelsep}% \settowidth\leftmarginiii{\labelenumiii\hskip\labelsep}% \settowidth\leftmarginiv{\labelenumiv\hskip\labelsep}% \setcounter{enumi}{0}\setcounter{enumii}{0}% \setcounter{enumiii}{0}\setcounter{enumiv}{0}% \leftmarginv=10pt \leftmarginvi=\leftmarginv \leftmargin=\leftmargini \labelwidth=\leftmargini \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \@listi}
In some contexts the space above/below lists needs to be suppressed. So we put it into a variable \listisep.
\newskip\listisep \listisep\smallskipamount 1018 \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep\z@skip 1019 \topsep\listisep \itemsep\z@skip 1020 \listparindent\normalparindent} 1021 \let\@listi\@listI
1016 1017
Is it necessary to reset \parsep, \partopsep, \itemsep to their default values (0) in each of the subordinate list setup functions? I dont believe so, but I leave the settings in the listii function just in case some unusual nesting of environments might cause trouble. [mjd,1994/09/22]
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii \labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep 1024 \topsep\z@skip \parsep\z@skip \partopsep\z@skip \itemsep\z@skip} 1025 \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii 1026 \labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} 1027 \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv 1028 \labelwidth\leftmarginiv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} 1029 \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv 1030 \labelwidth\leftmarginv \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep} 1031 \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi 1032 \labelwidth\leftmarginvi \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
1022 1023
2.13
1033
Fleqn option
\@ifclasswith{\@classname}{fleqn}{% 1034 \let\@tempa\@iden 1035 \AtBeginDocument{\mathindent\leftmargini}% 1036 }{\let\@tempa\@gobble}% 1037 \@ifpackageloaded{amsmath}{\let\@tempa\@gobble}{% 1038 \@ifpackageloaded{amstex}{\let\@tempa\@gobble}{}% 1039 } 1040 \@tempa{% 1041 \def\[{\relax 1042 \ifmmode\@badmath 1043 \else 1044 \begin{trivlist}% 1045 \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty 1046 \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty 1047 \item[]\leavevmode 1048 \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$\displaystyle
Note that the \m@th should go at the end in \] just in case an embedded small math formula inside \text occurs in the display. Why the extra bgroup here? I think its not needed. [mjd,3-Feb-1994]
1049 1050 1051
\hskip\mathindent\bgroup \fi}% \def\]{\relax
32
1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091
\ifmmode \egroup \m@th$\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}% \else \@badmath \fi}% \renewenvironment{equation}{% \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty \refstepcounter{equation}% \@topsep\abovedisplayskip \trivlist \item[]\leavevmode \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup\hskip\mathindent$\displaystyle }{% \m@th$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth \hbox{\@eqnnum}\egroup \endtrivlist }% \renewenvironment{eqnarray}{% \stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel\theequation \global\@eqnswtrue \global\@eqcnt\z@ \tabskip\mathindent \let\\=\@eqncr \abovedisplayskip\topsep \ifvmode \advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep \fi \belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip \belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip $$\everycr{}\halign to\linewidth\bgroup \hskip\@centering $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip####\m@th$&% \@eqnsel \global\@eqcnt\@ne \hfil${}####{}\m@th$\hfil&% \global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle ####\m@th$\hfil\tabskip\@centering&% \global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hbox to \z@\bgroup\hss####\egroup\tabskip\z@skip\cr }{% \@@eqncr \egroup \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$% \global\@ignoretrue }% \newdimen\mathindent \mathindent\leftmargini }
2.14
Redened internal sectioning commands
In amsart.sty \@startsection, \@sect, and a couple of other things are redened to x a few hard-coded things that would interfere with the desired style. The most noteworthy dierence is that all section headings will go into the table of contents (governed by secnumdepth as usual), EVEN WHEN THE * FORM IS USED. The only section heading not listed in the table of contents is the heading for the toc itself. A A second major departure from standard L TEX is that when a short form of a section title is given, it is used only for the running heads; the table of contents still gets the full version of the title. This is correct for AMS editorial practice. However if one wants to get a line break into the table of contents it A means that the standard L TEX method cannot be used. See the \except and \for commands.
1092
\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
Section titles, if they are run-in with the following text, are stored in a box instead of being typeset right away. They will be typeset by \everypar, but if one section heading follows right after another, this wont happen. So by doing
2. IMPLEMENTATION
33
\leavevmode we force this to happen. (\if@noskipsec is true if the previous section title has not yet been typeset.)
\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi \par \@tempskipa #4\relax 1095 \@afterindenttrue 1096 \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse\fi 1097 \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else 1098 \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa\fi 1099 % Dont call \@ssect in the ifstar case: 1100 \@ifstar{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{\@m}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% 1101 {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% 1102 }
1093 1094
We add \textup here in order to make section numbers always roman, even if the rest of the section head is italic.
1103
\def\@seccntformat#1{% \protect\textup{\protect\@secnumfont 1105 \csname the#1\endcsname 1106 \protect\@secnumpunct 1107 }% 1108 }

1104
Some journals require a dierent font for section numbers. (As coded here, this option permits only a change of weight, to \bfseries.) The amsart font is checked again later, when processing \section, and if there is no section title, it is made bold.
1109 1110
amsbook | amsproc \let\@secnumfont\@empty amsart \def\@secnumfont{\mdseries}
For reference, here is the argument list for \@sect.

% #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE}[SHORTT]{TITLE}
1111
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
Dene \@toclevel for for \@tocwrite (to \@tochangmeasure).

1112 1113 1114
\edef\@toclevel{\ifnum#2=\@m 0\else\number#2\fi}% \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \let\@secnumber\@empty \else \@xp\let\@xp\@secnumber\csname the#1\endcsname\fi
If the value of afterskip > 0, then this is not a run-in section heading, and we want to suppress nal punctuation.
1115
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\@svsec will be the section number plus some formatting if the star form was not used and if the depth of numbering extends to the current level. The user can change secnumdepth to control how many levels of sectioning will be numbered.
1116 1117 1118 1119
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \let\@svsec\@empty \else \refstepcounter{#1}%
If the section heading is not run-in and there is no title, omit nal punctuation and space. If it is run-in, omit extra space.
1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126
\edef\@secnumpunct{% \ifdim\@tempskipa>\z@ % not a run-in section heading \@ifnotempty{#8}{.\@nx\enspace}% \else \@ifempty{#8}{.}{.\@nx\enspace}% \fi }%
34
For amsart, if a subsection has no title, make the section number bold; otherwise leave it alone. [bnb; 2004/06/08; per vwa, B-442]
1127 1128
amsart amsart
\@ifempty{#8}{% \ifnum #2=\tw@ \def\@secnumfont{\bfseries}\fi}{}%
If the *-form was not used (#2 less than 1000), we add \sectionname or whatever as a prex, separated by a space. We need the ifundened test in order to know whether the space should be added or not. There must be a better way to do this but I havent thought of it yet.
1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141
\protected@edef\@svsec{% \ifnum#2<\@m \@ifundefined{#1name}{}{% \ignorespaces\csname #1name\endcsname\space }% \fi \@seccntformat{#1}% }% \fi \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ % then this is not a run-in section heading \begingroup #6\relax \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty\@M #8\par}% \endgroup
Section headings dont set marks for the running heads in the article style, only in the amsbook style. Assumption: \sectionmark is dened to call \@secnumber as its penultimate argument.
1142
amsbook
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
If #2 (level) is greater than 1000 then we dont do a table of contents entry. This happens only for the section heading above the table of contents itself.
1143 1144
\ifnum#2>\@m \else \@tocwrite{#1}{#8}\fi \else
Otherwise were doing a run-in heading; it is stored as \@svsechd, which will be typeset by \everypar as soon as some text is encountered.
1145
\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec
To allow for the possibility that the user wants an empty section title, leaving just the section number, we check whether #8 is nonempty before adding the period.
1146
\@ifnotempty{#8}{\ignorespaces#8\unskip
The following test is to prevent a period being added if the section title ended in a question mark or other punctuation.
1147 1148 1149 1150
\@addpunct.}% \ifnum#2>\@m \else \@tocwrite{#1}{#8}\fi }% \fi
In a previous version of amsart \@nobreaktrue was added to \@xsect for some reason. Lets keep that just in case it was done to prevent a certain kind of bug. [mjd,17-Aug-1994]
1151
\global\@nobreaktrue
\@xsect does some more stu based on whether this is a run-in heading or not.
1152
\@xsect{#5}}
Undene \@ssect to save memory; its not needed in amsart.

1153
\let\@ssect\relax
2. IMPLEMENTATION
35
2.15
Chapters and sections
Allocate counters for sectioning commands. Paragraph and subparagraph counters are allocated but normally not used.
\newcounter{part} amsbook \newcounter{chapter} 1156 amsproc | amsart \newcounter{section} 1157 amsbook \newcounter{section}[chapter] 1158 amsbook \def\thesection{\arabic{section}} 1159 \newcounter{subsection}[section] 1160 \newcounter{subsubsection}[subsection] 1161 \newcounter{paragraph}[subsubsection] 1162 \newcounter{subparagraph}[paragraph]
1154 1155
Set numbering style for sectioning commands. In a couple of cases resetting is unnecessary but we include the full list here for completeness.
\renewcommand\thepart {\arabic{part}} amsbook \renewcommand\thechapter {\arabic{chapter}} 1165 \renewcommand\thesection {\arabic{section}} 1166 \renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}} 1167 \renewcommand\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}} 1168 \renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}} 1169 \renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
1163 1164
Depth of section numbering; if secnumdepth were 2 instead of 3, \subsubsection would not be numbered.
1170
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
The arguments of \@startsection are given for reference:

% #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE} \def\partname{Part} amsart | amsproc 1173 \def\part{\@startsection{part}{0}% 1174 \z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% 1175 {\normalfont\bfseries\raggedright}} 1176 /amsart | amsproc
1171 1172
Specialsection correlates to our inhouse Z-head.

\def\specialsection{\@startsection{section}{1}% amsart \z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% 1179 amsproc | amsbook \z@{2\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% 1180 amsart {\normalfont\centering}} 1181 amsproc | amsbook {\large\scshape\centering}}
1177 1178
In the book class \part puts the part title on a separate page.
amsbook \def\part{\cleardoublepage \thispagestyle{empty}% 1184 \null\vfil \markboth{}{}\secdef\@part\@spart} 1185 % 1186 \def\@part[#1]#2{% 1187 \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax \refstepcounter{part}% 1188 \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\partname\ \thepart. 1189 \protect\enspace\protect\noindent#1}% 1190 \else 1191 \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi 1192 \begingroup\centering 1193 \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax 1194 {\fontsize{\@xviipt}{22}\bfseries 1195 \partname\ \thepart} \vskip 20\p@ \fi 1196 \fontsize{\@xxpt}{25}\bfseries
1182 1183
36
1197 1198 1199 1200
#1\vfil\vfil\endgroup \newpage\thispagestyle{empty}}
\def\@spart#1{\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\protect\noindent#1}% \begingroup\centering 1201 \fontsize{\@xxpt}{25}\bfseries 1202 #1\vfil\vfil\endgroup \newpage\thispagestyle{empty}} 1203 /amsbook
The arguments of \partrunhead are \partname, \thepart, and the text of the part title. The rst two were fully expanded during the marking process. Use of a mere interword space between the rst two args makes it possible to apply \ignorespaces and \unskip as shown here to produce the desired results if one or the other is empty.
amsbook \def\partrunhead#1#2#3{% 1206 \@ifnotempty{#2}{\uppercase{\ignorespaces#1 #2\unskip}\@ifnotempty{#3}{. }}% 1207 \def\@tempa{#3}% 1208 \ifx\@empty\@tempa\else 1209 \begingroup \def\\{ \ignorespaces}% defend against questionable usage 1210 \uppercasenonmath\@tempa\@tempa 1211 \endgroup 1212 \fi 1213 } 1214 \let\chapterrunhead\partrunhead 1215 \let\sectionrunhead\partrunhead 1216 /amsbook
1204 1205
Section headings in the amsbook style dier from the amsart style in a couple of ways: The ones that arent centered are indented on the left, instead of ush left; and the rst level, \section, is not small caps but bold. Cf. the denition of \appendix.
\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}% \z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% 1219 amsart {\normalfont\scshape\centering}} 1220 amsbook | amsproc {\normalfont\bfseries\centering}}
1217 1218
Negative value for #5 is a signal to make a run-in heading instead of doing a vskip after the heading.
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}% amsart \z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}% 1223 amsbook | amsproc \normalparindent{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}% 1224 {\normalfont\bfseries}}
1221 1222
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% amsart \z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}% 1227 amsbook | amsproc \normalparindent\z@{-.5em}% 1228 {\normalfont\itshape}}

1225 1226
Fontdimen 2 of the current font is the ideal interword space of the font. Thus the following spec says that the space after the paragraph heading should be a normal interword space (but nonstretching and nonshrinking).
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}% amsart \z@\z@{-\fontdimen2\font}% 1231 amsbook | amsproc \normalparindent\z@{-\fontdimen2\font}% 1232 \normalfont}
1229 1230
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}% \z@\z@{-\fontdimen2\font}% 1235 \normalfont}

1233 1234 1236 1237
amsart | amsproc \def\appendix{\par\c@section\z@ \c@subsection\z@
2. IMPLEMENTATION
37
\let\sectionname\appendixname \def\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}} 1240 \def\appendixname{Appendix} 1241 /amsart | amsproc

1238 1239
A slower, but fully expandable denition of \@Roman to avoid the nonexpandable \uppercase which is undesirable in certain circumstances.
1242
\def\@Roman#1{\@xp\@slowromancap \romannumeral#1@}% 1244 % 1245 \def\@slowromancap#1{\ifx @#1% then terminate 1246 \else
1243
Note: \if is required here, not \ifx, because \romannumeral returns category 12 letters!
1247 1248 1249 1250 1251
\if i#1I\else\if v#1V\else\if x#1X\else\if l#1L\else\if c#1C\else\if m#1M\else#1\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \@xp\@slowromancap \fi }
2.16
Book features
Books (monographs) comprise three distinct sections, \frontmatter, \mainmatter, and \backmatter. The \frontmatter would consist of the title page, copyright page, table of contents, preface, etc. The \mainmatter would be the body of the book. The \backmatter would include the appendix, bibliography, glossary, and index.
amsbook \def\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage\pagenumbering{roman}} 1254 \def\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage\pagenumbering{arabic}} 1255 \def\backmatter{% 1256 \if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi 1257 \let\chaptername\relax} 1258 /amsbook
1252 1253
Book proceedings and monographs allow a signature to print at the end of a preface.
1259 1260
!amsart \def\aufm#1{\par\vspace*{12pt}{\flushright #1\par}} 1261 /!amsart
Monographs can have a special exercise environment.

amsbook \newenvironment{xcb}{% 1264 \setcounter{enumi}{0}% 1265 \settowidth{\leftmargini}{\labelenumi\hskip\labelsep}% 1266 \setcounter{enumii}{4}% letter d 1267 \settowidth{\leftmarginii}{\labelenumii\hskip\labelsep}% 1268 \@startsection{section}% counter name; ignored because of the 1269 % * below 1270 {1}% sectioning level 1271 {\z@}% indent to the left of the section title 1272 {18\p@\@plus2\p@}% vertical space above 1273 {1sp}% Space below of 13pt base-to-base, so none needs to be added 1274 % here; but \z@ would cause the following text to be run-in, so we 1275 % use 1sp instead. 1276 {\bfseries}% The font of the subsection title 1277 *% always unnumbered 1278 }{% 1279 \par
1262 1263
38
1280 1281
} /amsbook
2.17
Book chapters
The \chapter command is provided only in the amsbook class, not in amsart or amsproc.
amsbook \def\chapter{% 1284 \if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi 1285 \thispagestyle{plain}\global\@topnum\z@ 1286 \@afterindenttrue \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
1282 1283
\@chapter for numbered chapters.

\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\refstepcounter{chapter}% \ifnum\c@secnumdepth<\z@ \let\@secnumber\@empty 1289 \else \let\@secnumber\thechapter \fi 1290 \typeout{\chaptername\space\@secnumber}% 1291 \def\@toclevel{0}% 1292 \ifx\chaptername\appendixname \@tocwriteb\tocappendix{chapter}{#2}% 1293 \else \@tocwriteb\tocchapter{chapter}{#2}\fi 1294 \chaptermark{#1}% 1295 \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% 1296 \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% 1297 \@makechapterhead{#2}\@afterheading}
1287 1288
\@schapter for unnumbered chapters.

\def\@schapter#1{\typeout{#1}% \let\@secnumber\@empty 1300 \def\@toclevel{0}% 1301 \ifx\chaptername\appendixname \@tocwriteb\tocappendix{chapter}{#1}% 1302 \else \@tocwriteb\tocchapter{chapter}{#1}\fi 1303 \chaptermark{#1}% 1304 \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% 1305 \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% 1306 \@makeschapterhead{#1}\@afterheading}
1298 1299 1307 1308 1309 1310
\newcommand\chaptername{Chapter} \newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
\def\@makechapterhead#1{\global\topskip 7.5pc\relax \begingroup 1311 \fontsize{\@xivpt}{18}\bfseries\centering
In order to keep the chapter number CHAPTER III from getting in the way of the \topskip we put it inside the paragraph containing the main title. Then we have to do some laborious \rlaping and \hskiping to position it correctly.
1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322
\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne \leavevmode \hskip-\leftskip \rlap{\vbox to\z@{\vss \centerline{\normalsize\mdseries \uppercase\@xp{\chaptername}\enspace\thechapter} \vskip 3pc}}\hskip\leftskip\fi #1\par \endgroup \skip@34\p@ \advance\skip@-\normalbaselineskip \vskip\skip@ }
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{\global\topskip 7.5pc\relax \begingroup 1323 \fontsize{\@xivpt}{18}\bfseries\centering 1324 #1\par \endgroup 1325 \skip@34\p@ \advance\skip@-\normalbaselineskip
2. IMPLEMENTATION
39
1326 1327
\vskip\skip@ } /amsbook
A The \appendix command, following the L TEX book, marks the start of a division after \mainmatter and before \backmatter that consists of appendixes.
amsbook \def\appendix{\par 1330 \c@chapter\z@ \c@section\z@ 1331 \let\chaptername\appendixname 1332 \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}} 1333 /amsbook
1328 1329
2.18
Table of contents macros
\tableofcontents is like \chapter or \section except for no number and no table of contents entry. \@pnumwidth is the maximum width for page numbers in a table of contents. 1.6em allows enough room for three digits.
1334
\newcommand{\@pnumwidth}{1.6em}
\@tocrmarg is \@pnumwidth plus the desired minimum space (1em) between page numbers and the preceding text.
\newcommand{\@tocrmarg}{2.6em} amsart \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} 1337 amsbook | amsproc \setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
1335 1336
\newswitch{toc} \newswitch{lof} 1340 \newswitch{lot}

1338 1339
Since table of contents, list of gures and list of gures are identical in design as far as the chapter heading and other preliminaries go, we redene \@starttoc to do the necessary work, rather than dening a new macro (which would use up another control sequence name). We dene rst the article form of \@starttoc, then the book form. Owing to confusion about what font to use for \contentsname, a symbolic name has been assigned to provide exibility.
1341 1342 1343 1344
amsart | amsproc \newcommand\contentsnamefont{\scshape} \def\@starttoc#1#2{\begingroup \setTrue{#1}%
Remove the skip after the abstract so that we can substitute another.
1345
\par\removelastskip\vskip\z@skip
The rst two arguments of \@startsection here are special values that cause dierent internal branches to be taken.
Arguments: {} = name = empty \@M = no number should be used and no table of contents entry \z@ = indent amount 12pt + 12pt = vskip before 6pt = vskip after \centering\contentsnamefont = format
1346 1347
\@startsection{}\@M\z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}% {.5\linespacing}{\centering\contentsnamefont}{#2}%
If we have a list of gures or list of tables we want to put them in the main table of contents, but we dont want to put an entry there for the main table of contents itself. So we check to see if argument 2 is \contentsname and if it is then we refrain from doing \addcontentsline.
40
1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360
\ifx\contentsname#2% \else \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{#2}\fi \makeatletter \@input{\jobname.#1}% \if@filesw \@xp\newwrite\csname tf@#1\endcsname \immediate\@xp\openout\csname tf@#1\endcsname \jobname.#1\relax \fi \global\@nobreakfalse \endgroup \addvspace{32\p@\@plus14\p@}% \let\tableofcontents\relax } /amsart | amsproc
And here is the book form of \@starttoc.

amsbook \def\@starttoc#1#2{% 1363 \begingroup 1364 \setTrue{#1}%
1361 1362
Inside this group we change \secdef so that we can call \chapter and only get the preliminary part of its denition that we need.
1365
\let\secdef\@gobbletwo \chapter
If we have a list of gures or list of tables we want to put them in the main table of contents, but we dont want to put an entry there for the main table of contents itself. So we check to see if argument 2 is \contentsname and if it is then we refrain from doing \addcontentsline.
1366 1367 1368
\let\@secnumber\@empty % for \@tocwrite and \chaptermark \ifx\contentsname#2% \else \@tocwrite{chapter}{#2}\fi
Now we do the equivalent of \@schapter. Expand #2 so that it will be easy to apply uppercasing to it. (For \@starttoc we assume that #2 is always a control such as \contentsname.)
1369 1370
\typeout{#2}\@xp\chaptermark\@xp{#2}% \@makeschapterhead{#2}\@afterheading \parskip\z@skip \makeatletter \@input{\jobname.#1}% \if@filesw \@xp\newwrite\csname tf@#1\endcsname \immediate\@xp\openout\csname tf@#1\endcsname \jobname.#1\relax \fi \global\@nobreakfalse \endgroup \newpage } /amsbook
Protect against document classes that have nonzero \parskip.

1371
And nally we read in the .toc (or whatever) le.

1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381
Now it is easy to dene \tableofcontents and its relatives.

\def\contentsname{Contents} \def\listfigurename{List of Figures} 1384 \def\listtablename{List of Tables} 1385 \def\tableofcontents{% 1386 \@starttoc{toc}\contentsname 1387 } 1388 \def\listoffigures{\@starttoc{lof}\listfigurename} 1389 \def\listoftables{\@starttoc{lot}\listtablename}
1382 1383
2. IMPLEMENTATION
41
In order to automatically leave enough space for the number part of toc entries, we compute the maximum width of the number part for each sectioning level and pass that information to \@tocline through the .aux le. Init the tocindents if they are not yet set (rst run).
1390
\AtBeginDocument{% \@for\@tempa:=-1,0,1,2,3\do{% 1392 \@ifundefined{r@tocindent\@tempa}{% 1393 \@xp\gdef\csname r@tocindent\@tempa\endcsname{0pt}}{}% 1394 }% 1395 }

1391
\@writetocindents
This function writes out the max toc indents to the aux le.
\def\@writetocindents{% \begingroup 1398 \@for\@tempa:=-1,0,1,2,3\do{% 1399 \immediate\write\@auxout{% 1400 \string\newlabel{tocindent\@tempa}{% 1401 \csname r@tocindent\@tempa\endcsname}}% 1402 }% 1403 \endgroup} 1404 % 1405 \AtEndDocument{\@writetocindents}
1396 1397
\indentlabel
This function is a no-op except in \@tocwrite where it is a pointer to \@tochangmeasure.

1406
\let\indentlabel\@empty
\@tochangmeasure
This function measures the hangindent part of a toc entry and updates the current max for the given sectioning level, if necessary. The maxs at the end of the document will be written in the form of a pseudo-label to the .aux le by \@writetocindents. We can assume that \@tochangmeasure is already inside a group when called.
\def\@tochangmeasure#1{\sbox\z@{#1}% \ifdim\wd\z@>\csname r@tocindent\@toclevel\endcsname\relax 1409 \@xp\xdef\csname r@tocindent\@toclevel\endcsname{\the\wd\z@}% 1410 \fi 1411 }
1407 1408
\@toclevel
Initialize, for the record.

1412
\def\@toclevel{0}
Since we dont have leader dots, we have \@tocline instead of \@dottedtocline.

\def\@tocline#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\relax \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth % then omit 1415 \else 1416 \par \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace{#2}% 1417 \begingroup \hyphenpenalty\@M 1418 \@ifempty{#4}{% 1419 \@tempdima\csname r@tocindent\number#1\endcsname\relax 1420 }{% 1421 \@tempdima#4\relax 1422 }% 1423 \parindent\z@ \leftskip#3\relax \advance\leftskip\@tempdima\relax 1424 \rightskip\@pnumwidth plus4em \parfillskip-\@pnumwidth 1425 #5\leavevmode\hskip-\@tempdima #6\nobreak\relax 1426 \hfil\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\@tocpagenum{#7}}\par
1413 1414
42
1427 1428 1429 1430
\nobreak \endgroup \fi} \def\@tocpagenum#1{\hss{\mdseries #1}}
The function \@tocwrite writes the information of a section heading to the .toc le in a standard form. It allows dierent functions to be substituted for \numberline, to get greater control of toc formatting.
1431
\def\@tocwrite#1{\@xp\@tocwriteb\csname toc#1\endcsname{#1}}
The \chapter command uses \@tocwriteb directly because of the need to write slightly dierent things to the toc le depending on the current value of \chaptername.
\def\@tocwriteb#1#2#3{% \begingroup 1434 \def\@tocline##1##2##3##4##5##6{% 1435 \ifnum##1>\c@tocdepth 1436 \else \sbox\z@{##5\let\indentlabel\@tochangmeasure##6}\fi}% 1437 \csname l@#2\endcsname{#1{\csname#2name\endcsname}{\@secnumber}{}}% 1438 \endgroup 1439 \addcontentsline{toc}{#2}% 1440 {\protect#1{\csname#2name\endcsname}{\@secnumber}{#3}}}
1432 1433
Specs for monograph toc are as follows (tocdepth is 1, i.e., subsections and lower are not listed in toc).
Part: Space above 12pt plus2pt, indent 0pt, "Part" + wordspace + number + "." + 1em + title (raggedright, no hangindent) + 1em + page number in column 1.6em wide. Chapter: Space above 8pt, hangindent on ("Chapter 0" + "." + 1em), + title (raggedright) + 1em + page number in column 1.6em wide. Appendix: Same as Chapter except for epithet "Appendix M" Section: Space above 0pt, hangindent on (1pc + "0.0" + "." + 1em), + title (raggedright) + 1em + page number in column 1.6em wide.
Specs for article toc are as follows (tocdepth 2):

Section: Same as for monograph. Subsection: Space above 0pt, hangindent 6pc (number + "." + 1em), + title (raggedright) + 1em + page number in column 1.6em wide. Subsubsection: Same as subsection but hangindent 8pc
Typical invocation of \l@chapter:

\contentsline{chapter}{% \tocchapter{Chapter}{3}{Some title stuff}}{103} -->\l@chapter--> #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 \@tocline{0}{8pt}{0pt}{}{\bfseries} #6 6a 6b 6c #7 {\tocchapter{Chapter}{3}{Some title stuff}}{103}
The \tocchapter is a slightly more useful form than \numberline that allows control for optionally omitting strings like Chapter or changing fonts for subcomponents of the toc entry. Note that it is allowed to have appendix and chapter at the same toc level, with \tocappendix instead of \tocchapter written in the .toc le. The arguments of \@tocline are as follows:
2. IMPLEMENTATION
43
\@tocline{LEVEL}{VSPACE}{INDENT}{NUMBERWIDTH}{EXTRA}% {TEXT}{PAGENUM}
where numberwidth is the width of the box allotted to contain the section number, including any preceding word like Chapter or Part. If this width arg is empty then an automatically computed width (max over TOC of the numberwidths for this level) is used. The extra argument is formatting such as font changes. The text argument contains a section-command specic function like \tocsection or \tocchapter which takes in turn three arguments: epithet, number, topic.
1441
\def\l@section{\@tocline{1}{0pt}{1pc}{}{}}
*** The indents do not agree between in-house and distributed *** ** versions; no changes; get specs before revising. *** The use of \ignorespaces in \tocsection and its relatives means that if #1 is empty, the following space will be also removed.
\newcommand{\tocsection}[3]{% \indentlabel{\@ifnotempty{#2}{\ignorespaces#1 #2.\quad}}#3} 1444 \def\l@subsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{1pc}{5pc}{}} 1445 \let\tocsubsection\tocsection 1446 \def\l@subsubsection{\@tocline{3}{0pt}{1pc}{7pc}{}} 1447 \let\tocsubsubsection\tocsection 1448 \let\l@paragraph\l@subsubsection 1449 \let\tocparagraph\tocsection 1450 \let\l@subparagraph\l@subsubsection 1451 \let\tocsubparagraph\tocsection 1452 % 1453 \def\l@part{\@tocline{-1}{12pt plus2pt}{0pt}{}{\bfseries}} 1454 \let\tocpart\tocsection 1455 \def\l@chapter{\@tocline{0}{8pt plus1pt}{0pt}{}{}} 1456 \let\tocchapter\tocsection
1442 1443
In this case we are pretty sure the word Appendix or similar is present, so only check if arg 2 is empty:
1457 1458 1459 1460
\newcommand{\tocappendix}[3]{% \indentlabel{#1\@ifnotempty{#2}{ #2}.\quad}#3} \def\l@figure{\@tocline{0}{3pt plus2pt}{0pt}{1.5pc}{}} \let\l@table=\l@figure
2.19
Bibliography section or chapter
Following the babel package, we use \refname in articles and \bibname in books.
1461 1462
\def\refname{References} \def\bibname{Bibliography}
Restudy the following code; \bibsetup isnt used anywhere although its dened for the three dierent bibstyles. Because some publications have dierent default label styles, separate that out for easy tailoring of packages.
\def\@defaultbiblabelstyle#1{#1.} \def\bibliographystyle#1{% 1465 \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{#1}}\fi 1466 \def\@tempa{#1}% 1467 \def\@tempb{amsplain}% 1468 \def\@tempc{}% 1469 \ifx\@tempa\@tempb 1470 \def\@biblabel##1{\@defaultbiblabelstyle{##1}}% 1471 \def\bibsetup{}% 1472 \else 1473 \def\bibsetup{\labelsep6\p@}%
1463 1464
44
1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480
\ifx\@tempa\@tempc \def\@biblabel##1{}% \def\bibsetup{\labelwidth\z@ \leftmargin24\p@ \itemindent-\leftmargin \labelsep\z@ }% \fi \fi}
Permit easy change of font size for unusual purpose, e.g., for an authors life list in collected works. [bnb, 2004/04/01]
1481
\newcommand{\bibliofont}{\footnotesize}
thebibliography diers in some author packages only in the shape of the title; make this easy to change. [bnb, 2004/05/22]
\newcommand{\@bibtitlestyle}{% amsart | amsproc \@xp\section\@xp*\@xp{\refname}% 1484 amsbook \@xp\chapter\@xp*\@xp{\bibname}% 1485 } 1486 \newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{% 1487 \@bibtitlestyle 1488 \normalfont\bibliofont\labelsep .5em\relax 1489 \renewcommand\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}\let\p@enumiv\@empty 1490 \list{\@biblabel{\theenumiv}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% 1491 \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep 1492 \usecounter{enumiv}}% 1493 \sloppy \clubpenalty\@M \widowpenalty\clubpenalty 1494 \sfcode\.=\@m 1495 }{%
1482 1483
Change error for empty list (no items) to warning, to allow authors to leave their bibliography temporarily empty during writing:
1496 1497 1498
\def\@noitemerr{\@latex@warning{Empty thebibliography environment}}% \endlist }
The \bysame command prints a horizontal dash indicating repetition of the authors name in consecutive bibliography entries.
1499
\def\bysame{\leavevmode\hbox to3em{\hrulefill}\thinspace}
We dene \newblock even though its not needed for AMS publication style, just to avoid error messages when a non-AMS .bst le is used. This is a convenience for users; use of \newblock is not recommended for submissions to the AMS.
1500
\def\newblock{}
\MR \MRhref
Provide an MR number for a bibliography item. At the moment [mjd,1995/08/07] this only prints the MR number, but later we expect to extend it to write an HTML \special to the .dvi le. The presentation of the MR number has been simplied (from using a bold volume number) coincident with the change in the MathSciNet database to a 7-digit reference number from the volume:number form. Ensure that an old-style MR number does not break across lines if it contains a space; editorial request. [bnb; 2004/04/01] Countermanded, to permit break between reference number and an old-style number following in parentheses. [bnb; 2004/06/11]
1501 1502 1503
\newcommand\MR[1]{\relax\ifhmode\unskip\spacefactor3000 \space\fi MR~\MRhref{#1}{#1}} \let\MRhref\@gobble
2. IMPLEMENTATION
45
Allows sticking in an arbitrary URL in a bibliography. Leading http is not \URLhref assumed. Call \verb to ensure that special characters in the URL dont cause \@URL trouble.
\URL
1504
\newcommand\URL{\begingroup \def\@sverb##1{% 1506 \def\@tempa####1##1{\@URL{####1}\egroup\endgroup}% 1507 \@tempa}% 1508 \verb}

1505 1509 1510
\let\URLhref\@gobble \def\@URL#1{\URLhref{#1}#1}
2.20
1511 1512
Index section or chapter
Chapter or section heading for an index. Index is set up to be two columns.

\newif\if@restonecol amsbook \def\indexchap#1{\global\topskip 7.5pc\relax 1514 \twocolumn[{\fontsize{\@xivpt}{18}\bfseries\centering 1515 \vskip\topskip\hbox{}\vskip-\baselineskip% adjust top space 1516 #1\par
1513
After \twocolumn nishes operating, the top material is left in an insert register, and topskip will now be applied above the following material. So we should set it to the normal after-chapter-title space (34pt)cf. \@makeschapterhead.
1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529
\global\topskip 34\p@\relax \ifx\@empty\indexintro \else \begingroup \normalsize \skip@\topskip \advance\skip@ -\baselineskip \vskip\skip@ \parbox[t]{24pc}{\normalfont\indexintro\par}% \endgroup \global\topskip 24\p@\relax \fi }]%
} \newcommand{\indexintro}{} 1530 /amsbook
theindex diers in some author packages only in the shape of the title; make this easy to change. [bnb, 2004/05/22]
\newcommand{\@indextitlestyle}{% amsbook 1533 \let\@makeschapterhead\indexchap 1534 \@xp\chapter\@xp*\@xp{\indexname}% 1535 /amsbook 1536 amsart | amsproc \twocolumn[\@xp\section\@xp*\@xp{\indexname}]% 1537 } 1538 \def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi 1539 \columnseprule\z@ \columnsep 35\p@ 1540 \@indextitlestyle 1541 \thispagestyle{plain}% 1542 \let\item\@idxitem 1543 \parindent\z@ \parskip\z@\@plus.3\p@\relax 1544 \raggedright 1545 \hyphenpenalty\@M 1546 \footnotesize}
1531 1532 1547
\def\indexname{Index}
46
1548 1549
\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 2em} \def\subitem{\par\hangindent 2em\hspace*{1em}} 1550 \def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 3em\hspace*{2em}} 1551 \def\endtheindex{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi} 1552 \def\indexspace{\par\bigskip}
2.21
1553
Footnotes
In books the footnote counter should reset to 0 at the beginning of each chapter:
amsbook \@addtoreset{footnote}{chapter} \def\footnoterule{\kern-.4\p@ \hrule\@width 5pc\kern11\p@\kern-\footnotesep}
Rule above footnotes is 5 picas wide.

1554 1555
A simple superscript doesnt work here; it fails on a minipage, where \itshape (which is invalid in math mode) is used for the footnote numbers. Cf. the denition of \textprime.
\def\@makefnmark{% \leavevmode 1558 \raise.9ex\hbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@\normalfont\@thefnmark}% 1559 } 1560 % 1561 \def\@makefntext{\indent\@makefnmark}
1556 1557
Add \normalfont before \footnotesize so that fonts will come out properly using the new font selection scheme.
\long\def\@footnotetext#1{% \insert\footins{% 1564 \normalfont\footnotesize 1565 \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty 1566 \splittopskip\footnotesep \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox 1567 \floatingpenalty\@MM \hsize\columnwidth
1562 1563
Mostly \@parboxrestore does what we want; but not with respect to \parindent and \tolerance.
1568 1569 1570 1571 1572
\@parboxrestore \parindent\normalparindent \sloppy \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% \csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}% \@makefntext{% \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces#1\unskip\strut\par}}}
We change \sloppy to keep it from overriding our normal value of 1pt for \hfuzz and \vfuzz with a LESS sloppy value (.5pt).
1573 1574
\hfuzz=1pt \vfuzz=\hfuzz \def\sloppy{\tolerance9999 \emergencystretch 3em\relax}
2.22
Float placement parameters
These control the placing of oating objects like tables and gures. We use much A A more tolerant values than the L TEX defaults; the L TEX defaults are geared to fussier page breaks, at a price of requiring more manual intervention to deal with dicult page breaking problems. A When using L TEXs twocolumn option, page really means column, for the parameters that dont have a dbl prex: that is, topnumber is then the maximum number of top gures allowed in each column, and so forth. topnumber maximum number of top gures allowed per page bottomnumber maximum number of bottom gures allowed per page totalnumber maximum number of gures (top and bottom) allowed per page dbltopnumber same as topnumber, but for two-column wide gures, when double-column format is used
2. IMPLEMENTATION
47
\setcounter{topnumber}{4} \setcounter{bottomnumber}{4} 1577 \setcounter{totalnumber}{4} 1578 \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{4}

1575 1576
Float fraction parameters. \topfraction maximum part of the page allowed for top gures, expressed as a decimal fraction. The value of .97 means roughly accept pages that have only two lines of text, and the rest gures. \bottomfraction same as \topfraction, but for bottom gures \textfraction minimum part of the page that must be occupied by text, if A the page is to have any text at all. If this value cannot be achieved, L TEX will turn the current gure or gures into a oat page, i.e., a page of gures without any text. \floatpagefraction minimum amount (that is, total combined height) of gA ures needed before L TEX will make a oat page. This is expressed as a fraction of the normal page height. \dbltopfraction like \topfraction, but applies only to gures that are two columns wide, when double-column format is used. \dblfloatpagefraction minimum amount of double-column gure material A needed before L TEX will make a two-column wide oat page
1579
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{.97} \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.97} 1581 \renewcommand{\textfraction}{.03} 1582 \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.9} 1583 \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.97} 1584 \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.9}
1580
We also modify the default values for spacing around oating gures: (A) so that gures on a oat page will not be vertically centered on the total page height but will be ush at the top of the page, and (B) so that there will be slightly more stretchability around gures, to help nd better page breaks in dicult situations. \floatsep Space between consecutive gures \textfloatsep Space between text and top or bottom gures \intextsep Space above and below a gure in the middle of the text placed with the [h] option) \dblfloatsep Space between consecutive gures that are two columns (when two-column format is used) \dbltextfloatsep Space between double-column gures and text \@fptop Space above the rst gure on a oat page \@fpsep Space between gures on a oat page \@fpbot Space below the last gure on a oat page \@dblfptop Space above the rst double-column gure on a two-column oat page \@dblfptop Space between double-column gures on a two-column wide page \@dblfptop Space below the last double-column gure on a two-column oat page
\setlength{\floatsep}{12pt plus 6pt minus 4pt} \setlength{\textfloatsep}{15pt plus 8pt minus 5pt} 1587 \setlength{\intextsep}{12pt plus 6pt minus 4pt} 1588 \setlength{\dblfloatsep}{12pt plus 6pt minus 4pt}
1585 1586
(i.e., wide
wide oat wide
48
1589 1590
\setlength{\dbltextfloatsep}{15pt plus 8pt minus 5pt} \setlength{\@fptop}{0pt}% removed "plus 1fil" 1591 \setlength{\@fpsep}{8pt}% removed "plus 2fil" 1592 \setlength{\@fpbot}{0pt plus 1fil} 1593 \setlength{\@dblfptop}{0pt}% removed "plus 1fil" 1594 \setlength{\@dblfpsep}{8pt}% removed "plus 2fil" 1595 \setlength{\@dblfpbot}{0pt plus 1fil}
\fps@figure, \fps@table: placement specications for figure and table environments. tbp means that a gure will be placed at the top or bottom of a page, or on a separate page with no text. This might be changed to tp, for example, if you never want gures to appear at the bottom of a page.
1596 1597
\newcommand{\fps@figure}{tbp} \newcommand{\fps@table}{tbp}
Some more setup for gures.

amsart | amsproc \newcounter{figure} amsbook \newcounter{figure}[chapter] 1600 \def\@captionheadfont{\scshape} 1601 \def\@captionfont{\normalfont} 1602 \def\ftype@figure{1} 1603 \def\ext@figure{lof} 1604 \def\fnum@figure{\figurename\ \thefigure} 1605 \def\figurename{Figure} 1606 \newenvironment{figure}{% 1607 \@float{figure}% 1608 }{% 1609 \end@float 1610 } 1611 \newenvironment{figure*}{% 1612 \@dblfloat{figure}% 1613 }{% 1614 \end@dblfloat 1615 }
1598 1599
And similar for tables.

amsart | amsproc \newcounter{table} amsbook \newcounter{table}[chapter] 1618 \def\ftype@table{2} 1619 \def\ext@table{lot} 1620 \def\fnum@table{\tablename\ \thetable} 1621 \def\tablename{Table} 1622 \newenvironment{table}{% 1623 \@float{table}% 1624 }{% 1625 \end@float 1626 } 1627 \newenvironment{table*}{% 1628 \@dblfloat{table}% 1629 }{% 1630 \end@dblfloat 1631 }
1616 1617
Change \@floatboxreset to add \centering. Centering is always applied to tables and gures in AMS publications. It should not be necessary to throw in \begin{center} . . . \end{center} in every instance to achieve this.
1632
\def\@floatboxreset{\global\@minipagefalse \centering}
This is what we want \@makecaption to do: If the total width is greater than normal columnwidth we want to break the caption into lines using a line width of W = (columnwidth 6pc), and center the resulting block between
2. IMPLEMENTATION
49
the margins. Otherwise we want to set the caption as a single line, centered between the margins. To do this we set the caption as a vbox with line width W , except that we allow the last line (which may be the only line) to have width up to full columnwidth by adding a kern of -6pc. If the result is a single hbox (i.e., a single line) we need to unpack the hbox, remove rightskip, parllskip, and the -6pc kern, and center the remaining material. If the caption is more than one line, then box 1 contains the last line, which we need to unpack in the same way, and run through the paragraphing process again (because this last line may be up to 6 picas wider than the desired width). In practice this procedure tends to fail if there are any potential breakpoints near the end of the rst line (in the window between short-width and fullwidth). Then TEX tends to choose a break (depending on spaceskip, tolerance, etc) at the last acceptable breakpoint before short-width is exceeded, without considering any later material in particular, the negative kern. [This was pointed out by Donald Arseneau, May 2000.] Unfortunately, setting parllskip to a negative value does not work either. I guess this is a special case of the existing limitation on parshape: you cannot specify a parshape in terms of number of lines from the bottom of the paragraph. (We would like to specify a parshape where the last line is 6 picas longer than the others.) Finally, if the caption is for a gure, it will be set below the gure, so the separating space goes above the caption; otherwise the separating space goes below the caption.
1633
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
Measure the contents of the caption. If #2 is not empty, then we must add a period and an en-space before typesetting it. The \@caption macro adds an extra \ignorespaces at the beginning of #2, so in order to nd out if the user-typed portion is empty we use \@cdr to pull o the \ignorespaces.
1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643
Use color-safe commands \setbox\@tempboxa\vbox{\color@setgroup \advance\hsize-2\captionindent\noindent \@captionfont\@captionheadfont#1\@xp\@ifnotempty\@xp {\@cdr#2\@nil}{.\@captionfont\upshape\enspace#2}% \unskip\kern-2\captionindent\par \global\setbox\@ne\lastbox\color@endgroup}% \ifhbox\@ne % the normal case \setbox\@ne\hbox{\unhbox\@ne\unskip\unskip\unpenalty\unkern}% \fi
If \@tempboxa is not empty at this point then the caption was more than one line long or there was extra vertical mode material, maybe a \write (from \index or something). Interestingly, we cant use \ifvoid to see if \@tempboxa is empty, because empty is not the same thing as void (as far as the \ifvoid test is concerned). So instead we measure the width of \@tempboxa to see if its zero; this should suce for non-bizarre cases.
1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654
\ifdim\wd\@tempboxa=\z@ % this means caption will fit on one line \setbox\@ne\hbox to\columnwidth{\hss\kern-2\captionindent\box\@ne\hss}% \else % tempboxa contained more than one line \setbox\@ne\vbox{\unvbox\@tempboxa\parskip\z@skip \noindent\unhbox\@ne\advance\hsize-2\captionindent\par}% \fi \ifnum\@tempcnta<64 % if the float IS a figure... \addvspace\abovecaptionskip \hbox to\hsize{\kern\captionindent\box\@ne\hss}% \else % if the float IS NOT a figure... \hbox to\hsize{\kern\captionindent\box\@ne\hss}%
50
1655 1656
\nobreak \vskip\belowcaptionskip 1657 \fi 1658 \relax 1659 }
Allocate the skip registers for above and below caption space.
\newskip\abovecaptionskip \abovecaptionskip=12pt \relax \newskip\belowcaptionskip \belowcaptionskip=12pt \relax 1662 \newdimen\captionindent \captionindent=3pc
1660 1661
2.23
\nonbreakingspace
Miscellaneous
Change ~ to be more forgiving of accidental adjacent spaces. Note that this means multiple ~~~... cannot be used to get multiple spaces in the output.
1663 1664
\def\nonbreakingspace{\unskip\nobreak\ \ignorespaces} \def~{\protect\nonbreakingspace}
Redene \@biblabel to do nothing if the argument is empty. We dont really care what the previous denition was so we dont check it.
1665
\def\@biblabel#1{\@ifnotempty{#1}{[#1]}}
Changed \@cite to always use roman/upright, nonbold font, even in italic or bold text (following AMS style). Turn o \mathsurround just in case there are subscripts in the cite numbers.
\def\@citestyle{\m@th\upshape\mdseries} amsart \let\citeform\@firstofone 1668 amsbook | amsproc \def\citeform#1{{\bfseries#1}} 1669 \def\@cite#1#2{{% 1670 \@citestyle[\citeform{#1}\if@tempswa, #2\fi]}}
1666 1667
Make \cite robust if it isnt already. Too many unsuspecting users get problems from this in a gure or table caption.
\@ifundefined{cite }{% \expandafter\let\csname cite \endcsname\cite 1673 \edef\cite{\@nx\protect\@xp\@nx\csname cite \endcsname}% 1674 }{}
1671 1672
\fullwidthdisplay
The function \fullwidthdisplay makes a displayed equation take up the full column width even if the current context is an indented list.
1675
\def\fullwidthdisplay{\displayindent\z@ \displaywidth\columnwidth}
And we insert the \fullwidthdisplay function at the beginning of \everydisplay just in case any later code in \everydisplay needs to use the values of \displayindent or \displaywidth.
1676 1677
\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\fullwidthdisplay\the\everydisplay} \everydisplay\expandafter{\@tempa}
A few odds and ends for indexes, based on makeindex. The denition of \see as see also is unfortunate, but of long standing, and cannot be changed without destroying backward compatibility, so an alternate command, \seeonly, is provided to cover the basic situation.
\newcommand*\seeonlyname{see} \newcommand*\seename{see also} 1680 \newcommand*\alsoname{see also} 1681 \newcommand*\seeonly[2]{\emph{\seeonlyname} #1} 1682 \newcommand*\see[2]{\emph{\seename} #1} 1683 \newcommand*\seealso[2]{\emph{\alsoname} #1} 1684 \newcommand\printindex{\@input{\jobname.ind}}
1678 1679
2. IMPLEMENTATION
51
\textprime
A text prime symbol, for applying primes to numbers such as list numbers or equation numbers that are not really math. Furthermore Cyrillic myagkii znak, or soft sign, is represented by a prime symbol in Russian names when they are transliterated into English. \textprime uses the prime symbol from math, but because its intended specically for nonmath use, we avoid going through math mode with $...$. We must therefore call \check@mathfonts to ensure that scriptfont2 is actually dened. Otherwise, if \textprime were used in a document before the rst math formula, there would be no adequate assignment yet for \scriptfont2. The raise value of .8ex is just a reasonable guess at making the bottom of the prime symbol fall near the top of a preceding lowercase letter but still not fall too low on an uppercase letter. We could look up the \fontdimen values used in math mode for superscripts but I dont think its worth the bother. Cf. also the denition of \@makefnmark. The prime symbol here is not raised quite so high because I think that is desirable for the soft-sign usage.
1685 1686
\DeclareRobustCommand\textprime{\leavevmode \raise.8ex\hbox{\check@mathfonts\the\scriptfont2 \char48 }}
2.24
1687
Book style variations
Here is the layout for a \maketitle in the amsbook class.

amsbook \def\maketitle{\par 1689 \@topnum\z@ % this prevents figures from falling at the top of page 1 1690 \begingroup 1691 \@maketitle 1692 \endgroup 1693 \c@footnote\z@ 1694 \def\do##1{\let##1\relax}% 1695 \do\maketitle \do\@maketitle \do\title \do\@xtitle \do\@title 1696 \do\author \do\@xauthor \do\address \do\@xaddress 1697 \do\email \do\@xemail \do\curraddr \do\@xcurraddr 1698 \do\dedicatory \do\@dedicatory \do\thanks \do\thankses 1699 \do\keywords \do\@keywords \do\subjclass \do\@subjclass 1700 }
1688
\def\@maketitle{% \cleardoublepage \thispagestyle{empty}% 1703 \begingroup \topskip\z@skip 1704 \null\vfil 1705 \begingroup 1706 \LARGE\bfseries \centering 1707 \openup\medskipamount 1708 \@title\par\vspace{24pt}% 1709 \def\and{\par\medskip}\centering 1710 \mdseries\authors\par\bigskip 1711 \endgroup 1712 \vfil 1713 \ifx\@empty\addresses \else \@setaddresses \fi 1714 \vfil 1715 \ifx\@empty\@dedicatory 1716 \else \begingroup 1717 \centering{\footnotesize\itshape\@dedicatory\@@par}% 1718 \endgroup 1719 \fi 1720 \vfill 1721 \newpage\thispagestyle{empty} 1722 \begin{center} 1723 \ifx\@empty\@subjclass\else\@setsubjclass\fi
1701 1702
52
1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730
\ifx\@empty\@keywords\else\@setkeywords\fi \ifx\@empty\@translators\else\vfil\@settranslators\fi \ifx\@empty\thankses\else\vfil\@setthanks\fi \end{center} \vfil \@setabstract \endgroup}
Dene the desired form for translator names.

\def\@settranslators{\par \begingroup 1733 \translname: \andify\@translators \uppercasenonmath\@translators 1734 \@translators \@@par 1735 \endgroup} 1736 \def\@setdate{\par\smallskip\@date\par\smallskip} 1737 \def\@setsubjclass{\par\smallskip 1738 {\itshape\subjclassname.}\enspace\@subjclass\par\smallskip} 1739 \def\@setkeywords{\par\smallskip 1740 {\itshape \keywordsname.}\enspace \@keywords\par\smallskip} 1741 /amsbook 1742 /classes
1731 1732
2.25
Setup for theorems, denitions, remarks, proofs
Intended usage Here are some examples showing the kinds of theorem environment declarations that are possible.
\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition} \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma} \newtheorem*{Zorn}{Zorns Lemma} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{dfn}{Definition} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem*{rmk}{Remark}
The rst four statements all dene environments using the default theorem style (plain), since there is no prefatory \theoremstyle declaration. The rst statement denes an automatically numbered prop environment whose headings will look like this: Proposition 1, Proposition 2, and so forth. The second statement denes an environment thm with numbers subordinate to section numbers, so the headings will look like this: Theorem 1.1, Theorem 1.2, Theorem 1.3, . . . , (in section 2:) Theorem 2.1, Theorem 2.2, and so forth. The third statement denes a lem environment whose numbers will interleave in sequence with the theorem numbers: Theorem 1.3, Lemma 1.4, Lemma 1.5, Theorem 1.6, and so forth. The fourth statement denes a special unnumbered lemma named Zorns Lemma. The remaining two \newtheorem statements have no special features except for the \theoremstyle declarations that cause the dfn and rmk environments to have some dierences in appearance. There are three basic styles provided: The plain style produces bold headings and italic body text; the denition style produces bold headings and normal body text; the remark style produces italic headings and normal body text. A \swapnumbers command allows theorem numbers to be swapped to the front of the theorem headings. Putting \swapnumbers in your document preamble will cause all following \newtheorem statements to produce number-rst headings. (To provide maximum control, \swapnumbers is designed so that it
2. IMPLEMENTATION
53
can be used more than once; each time it is used, theorem numbers will be swapped to the opposite side for all following \newtheorem statements. But rarely will it need to be invoked more than once per document.) Custom theorem styles There is a \newtheoremstyle command provided to make the creation of custom theoremstyles fairly easy. Usage:
#1 \newtheoremstyle{NAME}% #2 #3 #4 {ABOVESPACE}{BELOWSPACE}{BODYFONT}% #5 #6 #7 #8 {INDENT}{HEADFONT}{HEADPUNCT}{HEADSPACE}% #9 {CUSTOM-HEAD-SPEC}
Leaving the indent argument empty is equivalent to entering 0pt. The headpunct and headspace arguments are for the punctuation and horizontal space between the theorem head and the following text. There are two special values that may be used for headspace: a single space means that a normal interword space should be used; \newline means that there should be a line break after the head instead of horizontal space. The custom-head-spec argument follows a special convention: it is interpreted as the replacement text for an internal three-argument function \thmhead, i.e., as if you were dening
\renewcommand{\thmhead}[3]{...#1...#2...#3...}
but omitting the initial \renewcommand{\thmhead}[3]. The three arguments that will be supplied to \thmhead are the name, number, and optional note components. Within the replacement text you can (and normally will want to) use other special functions \thmname, \thmnumber, and \thmnote. These will print their argument if and only if the corresponding argument of \thmhead is nonempty. For example
{\thmname{#1}\thmnumber{ #2}\thmnote{ (#3)}}
This would cause the theorem note #3 to be printed with a preceding space and enclosing parentheses, if it is present, and if it is absent, the space and parentheses will be omitted because they are inside the argument of \thmnote. Finally, if you have an extra bit of arbitrary code that you want to slip in somewhere, the best place to do it is in the body font argument. The \newtheoremstyle command is designed to provide, through a relatively simple interface, control over the style aspects that are most commonly changed. More complex requirements must be addressed through a separate A L TEX package. When you set up custom theorem styles with \newtheoremstyle you should not use \swapnumbers. You have full control of the ordering of elements in the theorem head, just place them where you want. Or, if you do use \swapnumbers, you must look at the denition of \swappedhead and change it appropriately. Implementation The \theoremstyle command is very simple except for the need to warn about an unknown theoremstyle.
1743 1744
amsthm | classes \newcommand{\theoremstyle}[1]{% 1745 \@ifundefined{th@#1}{% 1746 \PackageWarning{amsthm}{Unknown theoremstyle #1}% 1747 \thm@style{plain}% 1748 }{%
54
1749 1750 1751 1752 1753
\thm@style{#1}% }% } \newtoks\thm@style \thm@style{plain}
Whats really needed is a full-edged systematic approach for specifying the desired order and formatting of the three identied parts of a theorem head (name, number, note).
\newtoks\thm@bodyfont \newtoks\thm@headfont 1756 \newtoks\thm@notefont 1757 \newtoks\thm@headpunct
1754 1755
\thm@bodyfont{\itshape} \thm@headfont{\bfseries} \thm@notefont{} \thm@headpunct{.}
Vertical spacing: initialize to current value of \topsep. If a document class loads the amsthm package it should take care to set these variables explicitly, if current \topsep is not the desired value.
\newskip\thm@preskip \newskip\thm@postskip classes 1760 \def\thm@space@setup{% 1761 \thm@preskip=.5\baselineskip\@plus.2\baselineskip 1762 \@minus.2\baselineskip 1763 \thm@postskip=\thm@preskip 1764 } 1765 /classes 1766 amsthm 1767 \def\thm@space@setup{% 1768 \thm@preskip=\topsep \thm@postskip=\thm@preskip 1769 } 1770 /amsthm
1758 1759
Modify \newtheorem to add * option. If a * is found, pass it on to \@xnthm as the rst argument. (This information enables us to handle two dierent possibilities in a single function \@xnthm instead of needing two separate functions.)
1771
\renewcommand{\newtheorem}{\@ifstar{\@xnthm *}{\@xnthm \relax}}
Check to see if an optional arg is present after the rst mandatory arg (which is #2 at the moment since the * or non-* is #1).
\def\@xnthm#1#2{% \let\@tempa\relax 1774 \@xp\@ifdefinable\csname #2\endcsname{% 1775 \global\@xp\let\csname end#2\endcsname\@endtheorem 1776 \ifx *#1% unnumbered, need to get one more mandatory arg 1777 \edef\@tempa##1{% 1778 \gdef\@xp\@nx\csname#2\endcsname{% 1779 \@nx\@thm{\@xp\@nx\csname th@\the\thm@style\endcsname}% 1780 {}{##1}}}% 1781 \else % numbered theorem, need to check for optional arg 1782 \def\@tempa{\@oparg{\@ynthm{#2}}[]}% 1783 \fi 1784 }% 1785 \@tempa 1786 }
1772 1773
Environment numbered together with a previously dened environment. Arg1: env name, e.g. thm Arg2: optional sibling counter Arg3: heading text e.g. Theorem
1787
\def\@ynthm#1[#2]#3{%
2. IMPLEMENTATION
55
If optional arg #2 is empty, call \@xthm to look for a possible optional arg in terminal position. Note that the two optional args are mutually exclusive. As #2 is a counter name and must be processed by \csname anyway, we can use a simpler test instead of \@ifempty.
1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806
\ifx\relax#2\relax \def\@tempa{\@oparg{\@xthm{#1}{#3}}[]}% \else \@ifundefined{c@#2}{% \def\@tempa{\@nocounterr{#2}}% }{% \@xp\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@xp\@nx\csname the#2\endcsname}% \toks@{#3}% \@xp\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{% \@nx\@thm{% \let\@nx\thm@swap \if S\thm@swap\@nx\@firstoftwo\else\@nx\@gobble\fi \@xp\@nx\csname th@\the\thm@style\endcsname}% {#2}{\the\toks@}}% \let\@tempa\relax }% \fi \@tempa }
Environment numbered relative to the counter given as #3. This function should really be named \@znthm but were trying to save a bit of hash table and string pool by reusing one of the command names rendered obsolete by the amsthm package. Arg1: env name e.g. thm; Arg2: heading text e.g. Theorem; Arg3: parent counter e.g. section.
1807
\def\@xthm#1#2[#3]{%
Set up the counter c@#1 and optionally add it to the reset list of counter #3. As #3 is a counter name and must be processed by \csname anyway, we can use a simpler test instead of \@ifempty.
1808 1809 1810 1811
\ifx\relax#3\relax \newcounter{#1}% \else \newcounter{#1}[#3]%
Dene \thexxx to be \theyyy.\arabic{xxx} (assuming default values of punctuation and numbering style). The use of \xdef here is inherited from the A old L TEX code, Im not sure its a good idea in general, but there should not be any problems unless someone changes the value of \@thmcountersep or \@thmcounter.
1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822
\@xp\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@xp\@nx\csname the#3\endcsname \@thmcountersep\@thmcounter{#1}}% \fi \toks@{#2}% \@xp\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{% \@nx\@thm{% \let\@nx\thm@swap \if S\thm@swap\@nx\@firstoftwo\else\@nx\@gobble\fi \@xp\@nx\csname th@\the\thm@style\endcsname}% {#1}{\the\toks@}}% }
[mjd,1999/10/13] The following code doesnt handle the case where an equation is immediately followed by a theorem with no intervening \parthen the
56 spacefactor is 1000.
% % 1825 % 1826 % 1827 % 1828 % 1829 % 1830 % 1831 % 1832 % 1833 % 1834 % 1835 % 1836 % 1837 % 1838 % 1839 %
1823 1824
% \def\thm@check@break{% % \ifhmode \unskip \unskip % \edef\pre@thm@spacefactor{\the\spacefactor}\par % \edef\thm@topbreak{% % \ifnum\pre@thm@spacefactor<\sfcode\!\relax % % preceding text line did not end with end-of-sentence punctuation % \ifnum\prevgraf=\@ne \penalty\widowpenalty % \else \penalty9999\relax % \fi % \else % \@nx\addpenalty{\@beginparpenalty}% % \fi % }% % \else % \def\thm@topbreak{\addpenalty\@beginparpenalty}% % \fi % }
If arg #2 is empty, this is an unnumbered environment; otherwise #2 is the name of a counter. #3 is descriptive name such as Theorem or Lemma. Arg #1 is the style function, for example \th@plain.
\def\@thm#1#2#3{% \ifhmode\unskip\unskip\par\fi 1842 \normalfont 1843 \trivlist
1840 1841
Explicitly set plain style here, then override parts as necessary in the function provided as #1.
\let\thmheadnl\relax \let\thm@swap\@gobble 1846 amsart \let\thm@indent\noindent % no indent 1847 amsart \thm@headfont{\bfseries}% heading font bold 1848 amsbook | amsproc \let\thm@indent\indent % indent 1849 amsbook | amsproc \thm@headfont{\scshape}% heading font small caps 1850 \thm@notefont{\fontseries\mddefault\upshape}% 1851 \thm@headpunct{.}% add period after heading 1852 \thm@headsep 5\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@\relax 1853 \thm@space@setup 1854 #1% style overrides 1855 \@topsep \thm@preskip % used by thm head 1856 \@topsepadd \thm@postskip % used by \@endparenv 1857 \def\@tempa{#2}\ifx\@empty\@tempa 1858 \def\@tempa{\@oparg{\@begintheorem{#3}{}}[]}% 1859 \else 1860 \refstepcounter{#2}% 1861 \def\@tempa{\@oparg{\@begintheorem{#3}{\csname the#2\endcsname}}[]}% 1862 \fi 1863 \@tempa 1864 }
1844 1845
The internal function \@restorelabelsep starts out as a no-op. I dont think this is needed any more [mjd,2000/10/26].
1865
\def\@restorelabelsep{\relax}
This variation of the \@thm command is no longer needed. The variation \@xthm was commandeered for \newtheorem use.
1866
\let\@ythm\relax \let\thmname\@iden \let\thmnote\@iden \let\thmnumber\@iden
Init \thmname etc.

1867
2. IMPLEMENTATION
57
\@upn
The function \@upn is used to force theorem numbers and similar elements to be upright even when the current font is italic. If a suitable italic font with upright numbers and punctuation is available, this function should be redened to be a no-op.
1868
\providecommand\@upn{\textup}
Denitions for theorem heads.

1869
\def\thmhead@plain#1#2#3{%
To allow for the case where the thmname part is empty and the heading consists only of a number (dont laugh, we have examples from real mathematical manuscripts), we dont add the space at the beginning of thmnumber unless #1 is nonempty.
1870
\thmname{#1}\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{ }\@upn{#2}}%
In thmnote we always add a leading space, i.e., assuming that at least one of the preceding parts will always be present.
1871 1872
\thmnote{ {\the\thm@notefont(#3)}}} \let\thmhead\thmhead@plain
Swappedhead is for the case where the number precedes the word Theorem. When the numbers fall on the left, like section numbers, AMS journal style calls for them to be lightface. We get this by invoking \@secnumfont. In handling the punctuation after the number we have to step delicately if we want to successfully handle cases where the theorem name is empty (this is very rare, yet it sometimes arises in practice).
\def\swappedhead#1#2#3{% amsthm \thmnumber{#2}% 1875 amsthm \thmname{\@ifnotempty{#2}{~}#1}% 1876 classes \thmnumber{\@upn{\@secnumfont#2\@ifnotempty{#1}{.~}}}% 1877 classes \thmname{#1}% 1878 \thmnote{ {\the\thm@notefont(#3)}}}
1873 1874
A customized denition of \th@plain written for version 1.x of the amsthm package might refer to \swappedhead@plain; this gives it a denition for backward compatibility.
1879
\let\swappedhead@plain=\swappedhead
In \@begintheorem \thmheadnl is called after the theorem head: maybe a newline, otherwise a no-op.
\let\thmheadnl\relax \let\thm@indent\noindent 1882 \let\thm@swap\@gobble
1880 1881
If argument #2 is empty, then this is an unnumbered environment. Otherwise #2 is a numbering command such as \thexyz. We use \deferred@thm@head instead of \item in order to allow line breaking in the optional note argument.
1883 1884
\def\@begintheorem#1#2[#3]{% \deferred@thm@head{\the\thm@headfont \thm@indent \@ifempty{#1}{\let\thmname\@gobble}{\let\thmname\@iden}% \@ifempty{#2}{\let\thmnumber\@gobble}{\let\thmnumber\@iden}% \@ifempty{#3}{\let\thmnote\@gobble}{\let\thmnote\@iden}% \thm@swap\swappedhead\thmhead{#1}{#2}{#3}%
Changes to \thmnumber and \thmnote are local to the containing box.

1885 1886 1887
The \thm@swap function selects either \swappedhead or \thmhead.

1888
I cant think of any example where the after-head punctuation should be omitted so it seems correct not to use \@addpunct here.
1889
\the\thm@headpunct
58
If this is a newline (from a \newtheoremstyle), it gets lost if there isnt any text following the heading, since \deferred@thm@head packs the heading into an hbox with \sbox\@labels. Attempting to move the \thmheadnl outside the scope of \deferred@thm@head (just outside the ending brace below) results in no improvement if no text follows the heading, and where there is text, runs it in. Inserting a space following such a heading results in an extra blank line. [bnb, 2004/06/30]
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
\thmheadnl % possibly a newline. \hskip\thm@headsep }% \ignorespaces} \newskip\thm@headsep \thm@headsep=5pt plus1pt minus1pt\relax \let\adjust@parskip@nobreak=\@nbitem
\newtoks\dth@everypar \dth@everypar={% 1899 \@minipagefalse \global\@newlistfalse 1900 \@noparitemfalse 1901 \if@inlabel 1902 \global\@inlabelfalse 1903 \begingroup \setbox\z@\lastbox 1904 \ifvoid\z@ \kern-\itemindent \fi 1905 \endgroup 1906 \unhbox\@labels 1907 \fi 1908 \if@nobreak \@nobreakfalse \clubpenalty\@M 1909 \else \clubpenalty\@clubpenalty \everypar{}% 1910 \fi 1911 }% \def\deferred@thm@head#1{% \if@inlabel \indent \par \fi % eject a section head if one is pending 1914 \if@nobreak
1912 1913
This case normally arises when a theorem follows immediately after a section head. Then we leave the below-section-head space instead of adding abovetheorem space; but some adjustment of parskip is needed.
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925
\adjust@parskip@nobreak \else \addpenalty\@beginparpenalty \addvspace\@topsep \addvspace{-\parskip}% \fi \global\@inlabeltrue \everypar\dth@everypar \sbox\@labels{\normalfont#1}% \ignorespaces }
\nonslanted
The \nonslanted command changes the current font to \upshape if it is \itshape or \slshape. This is used for document structure numbers that should be consistently upright in all contexts.
1926
\def\nonslanted{\relax
Cant do a direct \ifx between \f@shape and \itdefault because the latter is \long (grumble grumble).
1927 1928 1929
\@xp\let\@xp\@tempa\csname\f@shape shape\endcsname \ifx\@tempa\itshape\upshape \else\ifx\@tempa\slshape\upshape\fi\fi}
2. IMPLEMENTATION
59
\swapnumbers
The \swapnumbers command sets a switch \thm@swap that is used by \newtheorem. To conserve hash table we load \thm@swap with two uses; the rst one is needed only in \newtheorem declarations and the second one is needed only in typesetting theorem environments.
1930 1931
\def\swapnumbers{\edef\thm@swap{\if S\thm@swap N\else S\fi}} \def\thm@swap{N}%
\@opargbegintheorem not needed, \@oparg utility serves instead.

1932
\let\@opargbegintheorem\relax
Except for the body font, default values are built into \@thm.
\def\th@plain{% %% \let\thm@indent\noindent % no indent 1935 %% \thm@headfont{\bfseries}% heading font is bold 1936 %% \thm@notefont{}% same as heading font 1937 %% \thm@headpunct{.}% add period after heading 1938 %% \let\thm@swap\@gobble 1939 %% \thm@preskip\topsep 1940 %% \thm@postskip\theorempreskipamount 1941 \itshape % body font 1942 }
1933 1934
Theorem style denition is the same as plain except for the body font.
1943
\def\th@definition{% \normalfont % body font 1945 }

1944
Theorem style remark diers from plain in head font and body font. Also smaller spacing above and below for AMS classes only.
\def\th@remark{% amsart | amsthm \thm@headfont{\itshape}% 1948 \normalfont % body font 1949 amsthm 1950 \thm@preskip\topsep \divide\thm@preskip\tw@ 1951 \thm@postskip\thm@preskip 1952 /amsthm 1953 }
1946 1947
The standard denition of \@endtheorem is just \endtrivlist, but that doesnt automatically start a new paragraph, so we add \@endpefalse in order A to ensure a new paragraph. This diers from the basic L TEX behavior.
1954
\def\@endtheorem{\endtrivlist\@endpefalse }
\newtheoremstyle
An easy way to make a not too complicated variant theorem style. Usage:
#1 \newtheoremstyle{NAME}% #2 #3 #4 {ABOVESPACE}{BELOWSPACE}{BODYFONT}% #5 #6 #7 #8 {INDENT}{HEADFONT}{HEADPUNCT}{HEADSPACE}% #9 {CUSTOM-HEAD-SPEC}
1955
\newcommand{\newtheoremstyle}[9]{%
Empty or 0pt for #5 is translated to \noindent.

1956 1957
\@ifempty{#5}{\dimen@\z@skip}{\dimen@#5\relax}% \ifdim\dimen@=\z@
60
#4 is body font. Extra code could be included there if necessary.

1958 1959 1960 1961
\toks@{#4\let\thm@indent\noindent}% \else \toks@{#4\def\thm@indent{\noindent\hbox to#5{}}}% \fi
Arg #8 is a glue spec for the space after the head. As a proper glue spec for normal interword space is rather hard to write, we recognize an argument of { } as a special case and translate internally to the necessary fontdimen equivalent. Furthermore, if #8 consists entirely of \newline, then we will perform a line break after the theorem head instead of adding horizontal space. At the moment [1995/01/23] this is not perfectly well implemented because of complications A with the way L TEXs \item adds a heading to the vertical list; for best results there should not be anything (not even a blank line) after the \begin{xxx} command.
1962
\def\@tempa{#8}\ifx\space\@tempa \toks@\@xp{\the\toks@ \thm@headsep\fontdimen\tw@\font\relax}% \else \def\@tempb{\newline}% \ifx\@tempb\@tempa \toks@\@xp{\the\toks@ \thm@headsep\z@skip \def\thmheadnl{\newline}}% \else \toks@\@xp{\the\toks@ \thm@headsep#8\relax}% \fi \fi \begingroup \thm@space@setup \@defaultunits\@tempskipa#2\thm@preskip\relax\@nnil \@defaultunits\@tempskipb#3\thm@postskip\relax\@nnil \xdef\@gtempa{\thm@preskip\the\@tempskipa \thm@postskip\the\@tempskipb\relax}% \endgroup \@temptokena\@xp{\@gtempa \thm@headfont{#6}\thm@headpunct{#7}% }% \@ifempty{#9}{% \let\thmhead\thmhead@plain }{% \@namedef{thmhead@#1}##1##2##3{#9}% \@temptokena\@xp{\the\@temptokena \@xp\let\@xp\thmhead\csname thmhead@#1\endcsname}% }% \@xp\xdef\csname th@#1\endcsname{\the\toks@ \the\@temptokena}% }
Notice that we disregard stretch and shrink for labelsep = interwordspace.

1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
\qed
Dene \qed for end of proof. This command might occur in math mode, in a displayed equation, but it should never occur in inner math mode in ordinary paragraph text.
\DeclareRobustCommand{\qed}{% \ifmmode \mathqed 1994 \else 1995 \leavevmode\unskip\penalty9999 \hbox{}\nobreak\hfill
1992 1993
The hbox is to prevent a line break within the \qedsymbol if it is dened to be something composite e.g., things like (Corollary 1.2) \openbox as are occasionally done.
2. IMPLEMENTATION
61
1996 1997 1998
\quad\hbox{\qedsymbol}% \fi }
Setup for QED stack. We use a dedicated iterator macro \qed@elt instead of A the generic \@elt because the L TEX output routine is not safe against changes in \@elt. Therefore it is not safe to use \@elt for any processing that might trigger the output routine. Although this does not seem very likely when adding a QED symbol to a horizontal list, we did in fact get a bug report for this kind of failure.
1999 2000
\let\QED@stack\@empty \let\qed@elt\relax
Puts a QED symbol on the stack:

2001
\newcommand{\pushQED}[1]{% \toks@{\qed@elt{#1}}\@temptokena\expandafter{\QED@stack}% 2003 \xdef\QED@stack{\the\toks@\the\@temptokena}% 2004 }

2002
Pops the QED stack and prints the result.

2005
\newcommand{\popQED}{% \begingroup\let\qed@elt\popQED@elt \QED@stack\relax\relax\endgroup 2007 }

2006 2008
\def\popQED@elt#1#2\relax{#1\gdef\QED@stack{#2}}
Prints the current QED symbol and replaces the top entry on the stack with a null entry.
2009
\newcommand{\qedhere}{% \begingroup \let\mathqed\math@qedhere 2011 \let\qed@elt\setQED@elt \QED@stack\relax\relax \endgroup 2012 }

2010
In case the amsmath or amstext packages are loaded, we need the following two tests. (Redundantly declaring them is harmless.)
2013 2014 2015 2016
\newif\ifmeasuring@ \newif\iffirstchoice@ \firstchoice@true
\def\setQED@elt#1#2\relax{% \ifmeasuring@ 2017 \else \iffirstchoice@ \gdef\QED@stack{\qed@elt{}#2}\fi 2018 \fi 2019 #1% 2020 } \mathqed
When a QED occurs inside a math formula, well, it is presumably a displayed equation. In order to nd out where to place the QED symbol, we need to check what kind of equation structure we are in.
\def\qed@warning{% \PackageWarning{amsthm}{The \@nx\qedhere command may not work 2023 correctly here}% 2024 }
2021 2022 2025
\newcommand{\mathqed}{\quad\hbox{\qedsymbol}}
The \linebox@qed function comes into play with the fleqn option.
2026
\def\linebox@qed{\hfil\hbox{\qedsymbol}\hfilneg}
Two large sections of code follow. One for amsmath 2.0 and one for plain A L TEX.
2027
\@ifpackageloaded{amsmath}{%
62
2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048
\def\math@qedhere{% \@ifundefined{\@currenvir @qed}{% \qed@warning\quad\hbox{\qedsymbol}% }{% \@xp\aftergroup\csname\@currenvir @qed\endcsname }% } \def\displaymath@qed{% \relax \ifmmode \ifinner \aftergroup\linebox@qed \else \eqno \let\eqno\relax \let\leqno\relax \let\veqno\relax \hbox{\qedsymbol}% \fi \else \aftergroup\linebox@qed \fi } \@xp\let\csname equation*@qed\endcsname\displaymath@qed
If the equation has both an equation number and a qed, weve got trouble, but we can provide half-way decent for the simple cases.
2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081
\def\equation@qed{% \iftagsleft@ \hbox{\phantom{\quad\qedsymbol}}% \gdef\alt@tag{% \rlap{\hbox to\displaywidth{\hfil\qedsymbol}}% \global\let\alt@tag\@empty }% \else \gdef\alt@tag{% \global\let\alt@tag\@empty \vtop{\ialign{\hfil####\cr \tagform@\theequation\cr \qedsymbol\cr}}% \setbox\z@ }% \fi } \def\qed@tag{% \global\tag@true \nonumber &\omit\setboxz@h {\strut@ \qedsymbol}\tagsleft@false \place@tag@gather \kern-\tabskip \ifst@rred \else \global\@eqnswtrue \fi \global\advance\row@\@ne \cr } \def\split@qed{% \def\endsplit{\crcr\egroup \egroup \ctagsplit@false \rendsplit@ \aftergroup\align@qed }% } \def\align@qed{% \ifmeasuring@ \tag*{\qedsymbol}% \else \let\math@cr@@@\qed@tag \fi
2. IMPLEMENTATION
63
2082 2083 2084 2085 2086
} \@xp\let\csname align*@qed\endcsname\align@qed \@xp\let\csname gather*@qed\endcsname\align@qed %% Needs some patching up for amsmath 1.2 }{% end of amsmath branch, start plain LaTeX branch
A The \qedhere handling for generic L TEX classes (article, book) with the amsthm package (without amsmath) is fairly sketchy. When a qed symbol and an equation number are both applied to a single display, the results may not be entirely satisfactory, particularly when the fleqn and/or leqno options are used. [mjd,2000/01/17] As for \math@qedhere, it is expected to occur only via \qedhere, where the \aftergroup makes sense. 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093
\def\math@qedhere{% \@ifundefined{\@currenvir @qed}{% \qed@warning \aftergroup\displaymath@qed }{% \@xp\aftergroup\csname\@currenvir @qed\endcsname }% }
The \ifmmode \ifinner case is expected to happen with the fleqn option, where we have something like:
\hbox to\linewidth{\hbox{$...$}\hfil}
In order to counteract the \hfil we must jump out two grouping levels.
2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106
\def\displaymath@qed{% \relax \ifmmode \ifinner \aftergroup\aftergroup\aftergroup\linebox@qed \else \eqno \def\@badmath{$$}% \let\eqno\relax \let\leqno\relax \let\veqno\relax \hbox{\qedsymbol}% \fi \else \aftergroup\linebox@qed \fi }
This denition is a fallback denition that places the qed and then the equation number, on the right-hand side. For leqno, not so good; but then
2107 2108 2109 2110 2111
\@ifundefined{[email protected]}{% \def\equation@qed{\displaymath@qed \quad}% }{% \def\equation@qed{\displaymath@qed}% }
If amsmath is not loaded, then we need to do some surgery on the \[ macro. Normally it looks like this:
\[=macro: ->\relax \ifmmode \@badmath \else \ifvmode \nointerlineskip \makebox [.6\linewidth ]\fi $$\fi
If arg 2 is \m@th when we make this test it indicates that the eqn option is in eect. Perhaps try to do something there.
2112 2113 2114 2115 2116
\def\@tempa#1$#2#3\@nil{% \def\[{#1$#2\def\@currenvir{displaymath}#3}% }% \expandafter\@tempa\[\@nil }
64
If an older version of amsmath is in use, we need to fall back to a simpler denition of \math@qedhere.
\@ifpackageloaded{amstex}{% \def\@tempa{TT}% 2119 }{% 2120 \@ifpackageloaded{amsmath}{% 2121 \def\@tempb#1 v#2.#3\@nil{#2}% 2122 \ifnum\@xp\@xp\@xp\@tempb\csname [email protected]\endcsname v0.0\@nil 2123 <\tw@ 2124 \def\@tempa{TT}% 2125 \else 2126 \def\@tempa{TF}% 2127 \fi 2128 }{% 2129 \def\@tempa{TF} 2130 }% 2131 } 2132 \if\@tempa 2133 \renewcommand{\math@qedhere}{\quad\hbox{\qedsymbol}}% 2134 \fi
2117 2118
The reason that we do not simply use the \square symbol from msam for the open-box qed symbol is that we want to avoid requiring users to have the AMSFonts font package. And the lasy \Box is too large.
2135
\newcommand{\openbox}{\leavevmode
I think I got these numbers from measuring msams \square but I forgot to make notes at the time. [mjd,1995/01/25]
2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141
\hbox to.77778em{% \hfil\vrule \vbox to.675em{\hrule width.6em\vfil\hrule}% \vrule\hfil}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\textsquare}{% \begingroup \usefont{U}{msa}{m}{n}\thr@@\endgroup 2142 } classes \@ifclasswith{\@classname}{noamsfonts}{% 2145 \providecommand{\qedsymbol}{\openbox}% 2146 }{} 2147 \providecommand{\qedsymbol}{\textsquare} 2148 /classes 2149 amsthm \providecommand{\qedsymbol}{\openbox}
2143 2144
The proof environment is never numbered, and has a \qed at the end, which makes it inconvenient to use \newtheorem for dening it. Also authors frequently need to substitute an alternative heading text (e.g. Proof of Lemma 4.3) instead of the default Proof. For all these reasons we dene the proof environment here instead of leaving it for authors to dene. Text after the end of a proof, like that after the end of a theorem, begins a new paragraph. This A diers from basic L TEX behavior. [bnb, 1999/09/27]
\newenvironment{proof}[1][\proofname]{\par \pushQED{\qed}% 2152 \normalfont \topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax 2153 \trivlist 2154 amsbook | amsproc \itemindent\normalparindent 2155 \item[\hskip\labelsep 2156 amsbook | amsproc \scshape 2157 amsart | amsthm \itshape
2150 2151
2. IMPLEMENTATION
65
#1\@addpunct{.}]\ignorespaces }{% 2160 \popQED\endtrivlist\@endpefalse 2161 }

2158 2159
Default for \proofname:

2162
\providecommand{\proofname}{Proof}
For reference:
From: [email protected] (Timothy Y. Chow) Subject: Suppressing theorem numbering in LaTeX Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: Thu, 11 Aug 94 23:47:54 GMT To: [email protected] A friend of mine wants numbering of theorems, conjectures, and so on suppressed if there is only one of them in his article. In other words he wants "Conjecture 1" to appear as simply "Conjecture" if there is no Conjecture 2. What is the best way to go about doing this? ...
Maybe something clever can be done to make the desired behavior happen automatically. Note that this would seem to be a general numbering problem rather than a theorem-specic one, because similar behavior would be desirable for appendixes: according to standard publishing practice, if theres only one it is titled just Appendix, and if there are more than one they are titled Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on.
2163 2164
/amsthm | classes classes
2.26
\bb@skip
2165 2166
Utility commands used with AMS author packages
Skip to result in base-to-base distance from previous to next box.

\def\bb@skip#1{% \skip@#1\relax \advance\skip@-\prevdepth \advance\skip@-\baselineskip 2167 \vskip\skip@}
\markleft
A Basic L TEX has \markright and \markboth, but sometimes its necessary to change just the left running head. This macro completes the set. From the altxext.sty module of Klaus Lagallys arabtex. [bnb, 2004/03/25]
\def\markleft#1{{\let\protect\noexpand \let\label\relax \let\index\relax \let\glossary\relax 2170 \expandafter\@markleft\@themark{#1}% 2171 \mark{\@themark}}% 2172 \if@nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi} 2173 \def\@markleft#1#2#3{\gdef\@themark{{#3}{#2}}}
2168 2169
\DH \dh \DJ \dj
The Icelandic thorn and eth and the Croatian barred D are part of the T1 font encoding, but arent available in OT1. However, they are needed (rarely) in the author names or bibliographies. Provide emulations, using the thorn in msbm or Ds barred with a macron. The lowercase eth requires an \edef to access msbm properly. Dene it separately to permit checking for small caps. [bnb, 2004/04/05]
\def\@tempa{} \edef\@dh{% 2176 \noexpand\mathhexbox{\hexnumber@\symAMSb}67} 2177 \DeclareTextCommand{\dh}{OT1}{% 2178 \edef\@tempb{\scdefault}% 2179 \ifx\f@shape\@tempb 2180 \leavevmode
2174 2175
66
2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186
\raisebox{-.8ex}{\makebox[\z@][l]{\hskip-.08em\accent"16\hss}}d% \else \@dh \fi
} \DeclareTextCommand{\DH}{OT1}{% 2187 \leavevmode\raisebox{-.5ex}{\makebox[\z@][l]{\hskip-.07em\accent"16\hss}}D} 2188 \DeclareTextCommand{\DJ}{OT1}{% 2189 \leavevmode\raisebox{-.5ex}{\makebox[\z@][l]{\hskip-.07em\accent"16\hss}}D} 2190 \DeclareTextCommand{\dj}{OT1}{% 2191 \edef\@tempa{\f@shape}\edef\@tempb{\scdefault}% 2192 \ifx\@tempa\@tempb 2193 \leavevmode 2194 \raisebox{-.75ex}{\makebox[\z@][l]{\hskip-.08em\accent"16\hss}}d% 2195 \else 2196 \leavevmode\raisebox{.02ex}{\makebox[\z@][l]{\hskip.1em\accent"16\hss}}d% 2197 \fi}
2.27
Hyphenation exceptions
Some common hyphenation exceptions, based on the listing in TUGboat vol 10, no 3, November 1989, pp. 336341. Many words from the TUGboat list that seemed less likely to occur in mathematical text have been omitted because hyphenation exceptions use up memory (most versions of TEX currently have a limit of 307 on hyphenation exceptions; each added hyphenation exception uses up something like 2 extra words of main memory as well). The list of hyphenations for proper names could be expanded forever if room permitted; we restrict ourselves to a rather short, extremely arbitrary list. Note that the hyphenation rules of British English dier in some particulars from the US rules, so some of the hyphenations given below may need to be overridden for proper UK hyphenation.
\hyphenation{acad-e-my acad-e-mies af-ter-thought anom-aly anom-alies an-ti-deriv-a-tive an-tin-o-my an-tin-o-mies apoth-e-o-ses 2200 apoth-e-o-sis ap-pen-dix ar-che-typ-al as-sign-a-ble as-sist-ant-ship 2201 as-ymp-tot-ic asyn-chro-nous at-trib-uted at-trib-ut-able bank-rupt 2202 bank-rupt-cy bi-dif-fer-en-tial blue-print busier busiest 2203 cat-a-stroph-ic cat-a-stroph-i-cally con-gress cross-hatched data-base 2204 de-fin-i-tive de-riv-a-tive dis-trib-ute dri-ver dri-vers eco-nom-ics 2205 econ-o-mist elit-ist equi-vari-ant ex-quis-ite ex-tra-or-di-nary 2206 flow-chart for-mi-da-ble forth-right friv-o-lous ge-o-des-ic 2207 ge-o-det-ic geo-met-ric griev-ance griev-ous griev-ous-ly 2208 hexa-dec-i-mal ho-lo-no-my ho-mo-thetic ideals idio-syn-crasy 2209 in-fin-ite-ly in-fin-i-tes-i-mal ir-rev-o-ca-ble key-stroke 2210 lam-en-ta-ble light-weight mal-a-prop-ism man-u-script mar-gin-al 2211 meta-bol-ic me-tab-o-lism meta-lan-guage me-trop-o-lis 2212 met-ro-pol-i-tan mi-nut-est mol-e-cule mono-chrome mono-pole 2213 mo-nop-oly mono-spline mo-not-o-nous mul-ti-fac-eted mul-ti-plic-able 2214 non-euclid-ean non-iso-mor-phic non-smooth par-a-digm par-a-bol-ic 2215 pa-rab-o-loid pa-ram-e-trize para-mount pen-ta-gon phe-nom-e-non 2216 post-script pre-am-ble pro-ce-dur-al pro-hib-i-tive pro-hib-i-tive-ly 2217 pseu-do-dif-fer-en-tial pseu-do-fi-nite pseu-do-nym qua-drat-ic 2218 quad-ra-ture qua-si-smooth qua-si-sta-tion-ary qua-si-tri-an-gu-lar 2219 quin-tes-sence quin-tes-sen-tial re-arrange-ment rec-tan-gle 2220 ret-ri-bu-tion retro-fit retro-fit-ted right-eous right-eous-ness 2221 ro-bot ro-bot-ics sched-ul-ing se-mes-ter semi-def-i-nite 2222 semi-ho-mo-thet-ic set-up se-vere-ly side-step sov-er-eign spe-cious 2223 spher-oid spher-oid-al star-tling star-tling-ly sta-tis-tics 2224 sto-chas-tic straight-est strange-ness strat-a-gem strong-hold 2225 sum-ma-ble symp-to-matic syn-chro-nous topo-graph-i-cal tra-vers-a-ble
2198 2199
2. IMPLEMENTATION
67
tra-ver-sal tra-ver-sals treach-ery turn-around un-at-tached un-err-ing-ly white-space wide-spread wing-spread wretch-ed 2228 wretch-ed-ly Eng-lish Euler-ian Feb-ru-ary Gauss-ian 2229 Hamil-ton-ian Her-mit-ian Jan-u-ary Japan-ese Kor-te-weg 2230 Le-gendre Mar-kov-ian Noe-ther-ian No-vem-ber Rie-mann-ian Sep-tem-ber}
2226 2227
2.28
Initialization
We dene a function to do the normal calculations that we want for \textheight and \textwidth
\calclayout
Subtract the height of the running heads:

2231 2232
\def\calclayout{\advance\textheight -\headheight \advance\textheight -\headsep \oddsidemargin\paperwidth \advance\oddsidemargin -\textwidth \divide\oddsidemargin\tw@
We set \oddsidemargin and \evensidemargin to center the text on the page.

2233 2234 2235
Now we subtract the default margin provided by standard DVI drivers. But rst we make sure that the nal margin will be at least .5 inch.
2236 2237 2238
\ifdim\oddsidemargin<.5truein \oddsidemargin.5truein \fi \advance\oddsidemargin -1truein \evensidemargin\oddsidemargin \topmargin\paperheight \advance\topmargin -\textheight \advance\topmargin -\headheight \advance\topmargin -\headsep \divide\topmargin\tw@
And we set \topmargin to get vertical centering as well.

2239 2240
Height of running foot ignored: not present.

2241
We provide a minimum of .5in (after compensating for the default marginsee next step).
2242
\ifdim\topmargin<.5truein \topmargin.5truein \fi \advance\topmargin -1truein\relax }
Now subtract the default margin provided by standard DVI drivers.

2243 2244
Initialize the dimensions, page numbering, etc. For inhouse use, administrative stu is isolated in separate les.
amsart \InputIfFileExists{amsart.cfg}{}{% amsproc \InputIfFileExists{amsproc.cfg}{}{% 2247 amsbook \InputIfFileExists{amsbook.cfg}{}{% 2248 \calclayout % initialize 2249 \pagenumbering{arabic}% 2250 \pagestyle{headings}% 2251 \thispagestyle{plain}% 2252 }
2245 2246
If we are in compatibility mode, add some backward compatibility stu below. Otherwise quit here.
2253
\if@compatibility \else\endinput\fi \def\tiny{\Tiny}
Compensate for changed meaning of \tiny:

2254
The macro \defaultfont was provided in version 1.1 of amsart; retained for compatibility as a synonym of \normalfont. Resets everything except for size.
2255
\def\defaultfont{\normalfont}
68
Index
Macro for making non-slanted numbers and punctuation in italic or slanted text. This is to avoid visual inconsistencies between numbers or parentheses in math and adjacent numbers or parentheses in text.
2256
\def\rom{\textup}
For backward compatibility with version 1.1 of amsart, we dene pf, pf* environments. And undene \proof just in case an existing document contains a \newenvironment or \newcommand for it, as that would now cause an error.
\let\@newpf\proof \let\proof\relax \let\endproof\relax \newenvironment{pf}{\@newpf[\proofname]}{\popQED\endtrivlist} 2259 \newenvironment{pf*}[1]{\@newpf[#1]}{\popQED\endtrivlist}
2257 2258
The usual \endinput to ensure that random garbage at the end of the le doesnt get copied by docstrip.
2260 2261
\endinput /classes
Index
Numbers written in italic refer to the page where the corresponding entry is described; numbers underlined refer to the code line of the denition; numbers in roman refer to the code lines where the entry is used.
Symbols $ . . . . . . 449, 453, 456 $ . . . . . . 449, 453, 456 \, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \. . . . . . . . . . 32, 1494 .aux . . . . . . . . . . 41, 41 .bst . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 .clo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 .cls . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 9 .dvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 .fd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 .tfm . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 5 .thm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 .toc . . . . . . . 40, 42, 42 \: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \@@and . . . . . . . 622, 624, 625, 859, 860 \@@eqncr . . . . . . . 1086 \@Alph . 938, 1239, 1332 \@False . . . . 39, 47, 66 \@MM . . . . . . . . . . . 1567 \@PII . . . . 103, 112, 760 \@Roman . . . . . 37, 1242 \@True . . . . . 38, 50, 72 \@URL . . . . . . . . . . 1504 \@addpunct . 27, 57, 888, 890, 892, 894, 1147, 2158 \@addtoreset . 397, 1553 \@adjustvertspacing 7, 7, 178, 191, 196, 202, 205, 206 \@adminfootnotes . . . . . . . . 665, 687 \@afterheading . . . . 1297, 1306, 1370 \@afterindentfalse 1096 \@afterindenttrue . . . . . 1095, 1286 \@alph . . . . . . . . . . 932 \@andlista 606, 607, 618 \@andlistb 608, 609, 613 \@andlistc 607, 611, 613, 615, 617, 621 \@arabic . . . . . . . . 930 \@badmath . . . . . . . . 1042, 1055, 2099 \@beginparpenalty . . . . . . . 255, 1045, 1058, 1833, 1837, 1917 \@begintheorem . 57, 1858, 1861, 1883 \@biblabel 50, 1470, 1475, 1490, 1665 \@bibtitlestyle . . . . . . . 1482, 1487 \@botlist . . . . . . . 796 \@caption . . . . . . . . 49 \@captionfont . . . . . 1601, 1637, 1638 \@captionheadfont . . . . . 1600, 1637 \@car . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \@cdr . . . . . . . 49, 1638 \@centercr . . . . . . 944 \@centering . 1077, 1082 \@cflb . . . . . . . . . . 796 \@cflci . . . . . 797, 799 \@cflt . . . . . . . . . . 795 \@chapter 38, 1286, 1287 \@cite . . . . . . 50, 1669 \@citestyle . 1666, 1670 \@classname . . . . . . . . . 35, 37, 83, 386, 405, 413, 533, 582, 841, 898, 1033, 2144 \@cleartopmattertags . . . . . . . 646, 648 \@closetoccontribs . . . . . . . 877, 882 \@clubpenalty . . . 1909 \@combinefloats 25, 794 \@commby . 589, 590, 654 \@copyinsfontsize . . . . . . . 769, 780 \@currentlabel . . . . . . . . 1069, 1569 \@currenvir . . . . . . . . 2029, 2032, 2088, 2091, 2113 \@currext . . . . . . . . 14 \@currname . . . . 14, 37 \@currnamestack . . . 36 \@currsize . . . . . . . . 8 \@currsizeindex 6, 8, 169, 212, 214, 218 \@date . . . . . . . . 22, 574, 689, 888, 1736 \@dateposted . . . . . . . . . 4, 90, 91, 94, 104, 111, 135 \@dblarg . . 16, 478, 495, 1100, 1101 \@dblfloat . 1612, 1628
Index
69
\@ifdefinable 41, 1774 \@ifempty 22, 25, 55, 55, 610, 1124, 1127, 1418, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1956, 1983 \@ifnotempty . . . 25, 450, 456, 487, 538, 556, 559, 560, 563, 564, 568, 569, 607, 734, 1122, 1146, 1206, 1443, 1458, 1637, 1665, 1870, 1875, 1876 \@ifpackageloaded . . 1037, 1038, 2027, 2117, 2120 \@ignoretrue . . . . 1087 \@indextitlestyle . . . . . 1531, 1540 \@inlabelfalse . . 1902 \@inlabeltrue . . . 1921 \@itemdepth 982, 983, 984 \@itemitem . . 984, 985 \@itemlabel . . . . . . 969 \@itempenalty . . . . 257 \@keywords 577, 578, 656, 691, 892, 1699, 1724, 1740 \@labels 58, 1906, 1923 \@latex@warning . 1496 \@listI 191, 1018, 1021 \@listi . . . . . . 191, 197, 1015, 1021 \@listii . . . . . . . 1022 \@listiii . . . . . . 1025 \@listiv . . . . . . . 1027 \@listv . . . . . . . . 1029 \@listvi . . . . . . . 1031 \@logofont . . 117, 120 \@lowpenalty . . . . . 254, 255, 256, 257 \@m . . . . . 29, 1100, 1112, 1130, 1143, 1148, 1494 \@mainsize . . . . . . . . 6, 166, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294 \@makecaption 48, 1633 \@makechapterhead . . . . . 1297, 1309 \@makefnmark . . . . . 51, 688, 1556, 1561 \@makefntext 1561, 1571 \@makeschapterhead . 45 \@maketitle 21, 637, 650, 663, 686, 1691, 1695, 1701 \@maketitle@hook . . . . . 21, 635, 660 \@markleft . 2170, 2173 \@medpenalty . . . . . 254 \@minipagefalse . . . . . . . 1632, 1899 \@minus . . . . . . . . 1762 \@mkboth 10, 22, 302, 322, 355, 366, 666 \@mparswitchfalse . 80 \@mparswitchtrue . . 81 \@mpfootins . . . . . . 237 \@nbitem . . . . . . . 1896 \@newlistfalse . . 1899 \@newpf 2257, 2258, 2259 \@nilgobble . . 347, 354 \@nmbrlistfalse . . 966 \@nnil . . . . . 1975, 1976 \@nobreaktrue 34, 1151 \@nocnterr . . . . . . 396 \@nocounterr . 395, 1792 \@noitemerr . . . . . 1496 \@nomath . . . . 475, 476 \@noparitemfalse 1900 \@oddfoot . 24, 304, 307, 308, 340, 342 \@oddhead . . . . . . . 303, 317, 343, 344 \@oparg 21, 59, 1782, 1789, 1858, 1861 \@opargbegintheorem . . . . . . . 59, 1932 \@openrightfalse . 145 \@openrighttrue 144, 146 \@outputbox 25, 800, 801 \@par . . . . . . . . . . . 693 \@parboxrestore . . 9, 9, 46, 120, 1568 \@part . . . . . 1184, 1186 \@plus 598, 779, 906, 954, 1174, 1178, 1179, 1218, 1222, 1223, 1226, 1272, 1346, 1357, 1543, 1761, 2152 \@pnumwidth . 39, 39, 1334, 1424, 1426 \@printyear . . 713, 717 \@ptsize . . . . . . . . 6, 6, 166, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294 \@reinserts . . . 24, 766 \@restorelabelsep . . . . . . . 56, 1865
\@dblfpbot . . 246, 1595 \@dblfpsep . . 247, 1594 \@dblfptop . . . . 47, 47, 47, 245, 1593 \@dedicatory . . . . . . 22, 575, 576, 655, 671, 675, 1698, 1715, 1717 \@defaultbiblabelstyle . . . . . 1463, 1470 \@defaultunits . . . . . . . . 1975, 1976 \@dh . . . . . . . 2175, 2183 \@dottedtocline . . . 41 \@dropfolio . . . . . . . 26 \@ehb . . . . . . . . . . . 535 \@elt . . . . . . 61, 61, 61 \@emptytoks . . . . . . . 13, 401, 435, 618 \@endparenv . . . . . 1856 \@endparpenalty . . . . 256, 1046, 1059 \@endpefalse . . . . . . . . 59, 1954, 2160 \@endtheorem . . . . . . . . 59, 1775, 1954 \@enumctr 974, 975, 976 \@enumdepth 972, 973, 974 \@eqcnt . . . . . 1070, 1079, 1081, 1083 \@eqncr . . . . . . . . 1071 \@eqnnum . . . . . . . 1065 \@eqnsel . . . . . . . 1079 \@eqnswtrue . 1070, 2071 \@evenfoot 304, 308, 342 \@evenhead 303, 311, 344 \@extracrline . . . . . . . . 771, 789, 823 \@extracrlinefalse 770 \@extracrlinetrue 821 \@firstofone 55, 59, 1667 \@firstoftwo . . . . . 24, 336, 1799, 1819 \@float . . . . 1607, 1623 \@floatboxreset 48, 1632 \@footnotetext . . . . 9, 9, 22, 689, 690, 691, 692, 1562 \@fpbot . . 47, 246, 1592 \@fpsep . . 47, 247, 1591 \@fptop . . 47, 245, 1590 \@gtempa . . . 1977, 1980 \@hangfrom . . . . . 1140 \@highpenalty . . . . 254 \@iden . . . . . . . 615, 621, 1034, 1867, 1885, 1886, 1887 \@ifclasswith . 386, 405, 1033, 2144
70
\@revertcopyrightfalse . . . . . . . . . . . 818 \@revertcopyrighttrue . . . . . . . . . . . 820 \@revertcrfontsize . . . . . . . 822, 826 \@roman . . . . . . . . . 935 \@schapter . . . . . . 38, 40, 1286, 1298 \@seccntformat . . . . . . . . 1103, 1135 \@secmark 12, 12, 12, 324, 326, 328, 349 \@secnumber . . . . 12, 12, 34, 351, 358, 1113, 1114, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1299, 1366, 1437, 1440 \@secnumfont . . . . . 57, 1104, 1109, 1110, 1128, 1876 \@secnumpunct 1106, 1120 \@secondoftwo . 24, 337 \@secpenalty 1098, 1416 \@sect . . . . . 32, 33, 1100, 1101, 1111 \@serieslogo . . . . . 22, 22, 24, 343, 701, 703, 704, 774 \@setabstract . . 28, 678, 912, 914, 1729 \@setabstracta . . . . . . . 912, 914, 915 \@setaddresses . . . 18, 542, 548, 1713 \@setauthors . 670, 862 \@setcontribs 876, 883 \@setcopyright . . . . . . . 24, 629, 773 \@setdate 689, 888, 1736 \@setdateposted . . . 93, 104, 111, 135 \@setfontsize . . 8, 213 \@setkeywords . 691, 891, 1724, 1739 \@setsubjclass 690, 889, 1723, 1737 \@setthanks . . . . . . 22, 693, 894, 1726 \@settitle . . 669, 847 \@settranslators . . . . . . . . 541, 597, 1725, 1731 \@skipmath 15, 437, 447 \@slowromancap . . . . 1242, 1245, 1249 \@spart . . . . 1184, 1199 \@ssect . 34, 1099, 1153 \@startsection . 32, 35, 39, 1092, 1173, 1177, 1217, 1221, 1225, 1229, 1233, 1268, 1346 \@starttoc 39, 39, 40, 40, 1343, 1362, 1386, 1388, 1389 \@subjclass 580, 588, 656, 690, 890, 1699, 1723, 1738 \@sverb . . . . . . . . 1505 \@svsec . . 33, 1117, 1129, 1140, 1145 \@svsechd . . . 34, 1145 \@tempboxa 49, 49, 49, 1635, 1644, 1647 \@tempdima . . . . . . . 77, 78, 1419, 1421, 1423, 1425 \@tempskipa . . 1094, 1096, 1098, 1115, 1121, 1138, 1975, 1977 \@tempskipb . 1976, 1978 \@temptokena . . . . . . 12 \@thefnmark . . . . . . . . 688, 1558, 1570 \@thm . . 56, 59, 1779, 1797, 1817, 1840 \@thmcounter . 55, 1813 \@thmcountersep 55, 1813 \@title 477, 650, 851, 852, 1695, 1708 \@titlepagefalse . 141 \@titlepagetrue . . 140 \@tochangmeasure 33, 41, 41, 1407, 1436 \@toclevel 33, 1112, 1291, 1300, 1408, 1409, 1412 \@tocline . . . . . 41, 41, 42, 1413, 1434, 1441, 1444, 1446, 1453, 1455, 1459 \@tocpagenum 1426, 1430 \@tocrmarg . . 39, 1335 \@tocwrite . 33, 41, 42, 1143, 1148, 1366, 1368, 1431 \@tocwriteb 42, 1292, 1293, 1301, 1302, 1431, 1432 \@toodeep . . . 972, 982 \@toplist . . . . . . . 795 \@topnum 628, 1285, 1689
Index
\@topsep . . . . . . . . 866, 867, 868, 1061, 1855, 1918 \@topsepadd . . . . . 1856 \@translators . . . . 541, 593, 594, 595, 601, 602, 1725, 1733, 1734 \@trivlist . . . . . . 967 \@twocolumnfalse . 148 \@twocolumntrue . . 149 \@twosidefalse . . . . 80 \@twosidetrue . . . . . 81 \@typesizes 214, 259, 268, 277, 286, 295 \@unexpandable@protect . . . . . . . . . . . 350 \@upn 57, 1868, 1870, 1876 \@upprep . . . . 438, 440 \@wraptoccontribs 513 \@writetocindents . . . . . . . 41, 1396 \@xaddress . . 651, 1696 \@xauthor . . . 651, 1696 \@xcontribs 504, 516, 884 \@xcurraddr . . 653, 1697 \@xemail . . . . 653, 1697 \@xifempty . . . . 22, 23 \@xiipt . . . . 8, 262, 271, 279, 290, 298 \@xipt . . . . . 8, 262, 270, 278, 289, 298 \@xivpt . . 262, 271, 280, 290, 299, 1311, 1323, 1514 \@xnthm 54, 54, 1771, 1772 \@xsect . . . 34, 34, 1152 \@xsetfontsize . 8, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211 \@xskipmath . . . 15, 447 \@xthm 55, 56, 1789, 1807 \@xtitle . . . . 650, 1695 \@xviipt . . . . . 263, 271, 280, 299, 1194 \@xxpt . . . 263, 272, 280, 1196, 1201 \@xxvpt . . . . . 272, 281 \@ynthm . . . . 1782, 1787 \@ythm . . . . . . . . . 1866 \@znthm . . . . . . . . . . 55 \[ . 63, 1041, 2113, 2115 \[re]newcommand . . . 16 \\ 552, 639, 825, 871, 944, 1071, 1209 \] . . . . . . . . . 31, 1051 \~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Index
71
\alsoname . . 1680, 1683 \alt@tag . . . . 2052, 2054, 2057, 2058 \altucnm . . . . . . . . 457 altxext.sty package 65 AMSART class 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66 amsart class . . . . . . . 1, 1, 5, 7, 10, 18, 20, 22, 33, 34, 34, 34, 38, 68 amsart package . . . . . 24 AMSBOOK class . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66 amsbook class . . . . . 1, 1, 7, 10, 38, 51 amsclass.dtx . . . . . . . 1 amsfonts package . 5, 13 amsgen.sty . . . . . . . . 2 amsmath . . . . . . . . . . 61 amsmath package 6, 6, 13, 61, 63, 63, 64 amsppt.sty . . . . . . . 11 AMSPROC class . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66 amsproc class . . . 1, 1, 7, 10, 20, 22, 38 amsproc package . . . . 24 amstex.sty . . . . . . . 13 amstext package . . . . 61 amsthm . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 amsthm package . . . . . 1, 1, 1, 2, 13, 13, 54, 55, 57, 63 amsthm.sty . . . . . . . . 1 \and 20, 484, 491, 511, 594, 606, 607, 609, 619, 625, 1709 \andify . . . 20, 601, 622, 623, 633, 1733 \appendix . . . . . . . 36, 39, 1237, 1329 \appendixname . . . . . . . . 28, 1238, 1240, 1292, 1301, 1308, 1331 \arabic . . . . . . 394, 1158, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1489 arabtex package . . . . 65 \arg . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 \arraycolsep . . . . . 240 \arrayrulewidth . . 239 article class . . . . 3, 63 \article@logo . . . . . . . . 97, 136, 703 \ast . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 \AtBeginDocument . . . . 9, 21, 235, 430, 461, 698, 709, 720, 744, 1001, 1035, 1390 \AtEndDocument . . . . . . 18, 543, 1405 \aufm . . . . . . . . . . 1260 \author . 16, 18, 21, 480, 485, 495, 496, 551, 651, 1696 \author@andify . . . . 20, 517, 857, 870 \authors . 481, 482, 484, 497, 670, 870, 872, 873, 1710 B babel package . . 28, 43 \backmatter . . . . . . . . 37, 37, 39, 1255 \baselineskip 7, 22, 25 \baselinestretch . 225 \bb@skip . . . . . . . 2165 \belowcaptionskip . . . . . 1656, 1661 \belowdisplayshortskip . . . 186, 187, 1074 \belowdisplayskip . . . . . . 183, 1073 \bf . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 \bfseries . . . . . 33, 473, 850, 941, 992, 1128, 1175, 1194, 1196, 1201, 1220, 1224, 1276, 1311, 1323,
12pt option . . . . . . . . 9 8pt option . . . . . . . . . 9
. . . 135, 713, 788, 888, 1188, 1195, 1604, 1620, 1663
A a4paper option . . . . . . 3 a5paper option . . . . . . 3 \AA . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \aa . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \abovecaptionskip . . . . . 1651, 1660 \abovedisplayshortskip 184, 185, 186, 1075 \abovedisplayskip . . . . 182, 183, 184, 185, 1061, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075 \abstractbox . . 895, 901, 916, 920, 921 \abstractname . . . . . . . . 28, 831, 909 \accent . 2181, 2187, 2189, 2194, 2196 \addcontentsline 39, 40, 1188, 1191, 1199, 1349, 1439 \addpenalty . . . . . . . . 1098, 1416, 1833, 1837, 1917 \address . . . . . . 17, 528, 554, 651, 1696 \addresses . . . . . . . 16, 485, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 542, 571, 1713 \addtocontents 1295, 1296, 1304, 1305 \addvspace . . . 551, 555, 598, 1098, 1295, 1296, 1304, 1305, 1357, 1416, 1651, 1918, 1919 \adjust@parskip@nobreak . . . . . 1896, 1915 \AE . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 \ae . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 \afterassignment . 354 \aftergroup 63, 2032, 2038, 2045, 2075, 2089, 2091, 2097, 2104 \align@qed . . 2075, 2078, 2083, 2084
72
1453, 1514, 1668, 1706, 1755, 1847, 1935 \bgroup . . . . . . 901, 1048, 1049, 1063, 1076, 1084 \bibliofont . 1481, 1488 \bibliographystyle 1464 \bibname 43, 1462, 1484 \bibsetup . . . . . 43, 1471, 1473, 1476 \bibstyle . . . . . . 1465 \big/med/smallskipamount ............ 7 \bigskip . . . . . . 7, 18, 18, 1552, 1710 \bigskipamount . . . 179, 180, 551, 555 book class . . . . . . . . . 63 \botmark . . . . . . . . 337 \bottomfraction 47, 1580 \Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \brokenpenalty . . . 221 \bullet . . . . . . . . . 940 \bysame . . . . . 44, 1499 C \c@chapter . 1330, 1332 \c@enumi . . . . . . . . 930 \c@enumii . . . . . . . 932 \c@enumiii . . . . . . 935 \c@enumiv . . . . . . . 938 \c@equation . . . . . 1086 \c@footnote . . 645, 1693 \c@secnumdepth 1113, 1116, 1187, 1193, 1288, 1312 \c@section . . . . . . . 1237, 1239, 1330 \c@subsection . . . 1237 \c@tocdepth . 1414, 1435 \cal . . . . . . . 16, 16, 16 \calclayout . 2231, 2248 \captionindent . . . . . 1636, 1639, 1645, 1648, 1652, 1654, 1662 \cdot . . . . . . . . . . . 943 \centering 48, 675, 866, 868, 1180, 1181, 1192, 1200, 1219, 1220, 1311, 1323, 1347, 1514, 1632, 1706, 1709, 1717 \centerline . . . . . 1315 \chapter . . . . . . . . 10, 38, 39, 40, 42 \chaptermark . . . . . . . . 325, 1294, 1303, 1366, 1369 \chaptername . . . 42, 1257, 1290, 1292, 1301, 1307, 1316, 1331 \chapterrunhead . . . . . . . . 326, 1214 \check@mathfonts . . . . . . . . 51, 1686 \cite . . . 50, 1672, 1673 \citeform . . . . . . . . 1667, 1668, 1670 \ClassError . . 413, 533 \ClassWarning 582, 898 \ClassWarningNoLine 83 \cleardouble@page . . . . 429, 431, 432 \cleardoublepage 14, 14, 429, 431, 432, 925, 1183, 1253, 1254, 1256, 1284, 1702 \clearpage 432, 926, 1256, 1284, 1551 \clubpenalty . . 220, 1493, 1908, 1909 cmex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 cmex10 option . . . . . . . 6 \color@endgroup . 1640 \color@setgroup . 1635 \commby . . . . . 589, 654 \contentsname . . . . . . . 28, 39, 39, 40, 40, 1348, 1367, 1382, 1386 \contentsnamefont . . . . . 1342, 1347 \contrib . . . . 498, 652 \contribs . . . . . . . 508, 509, 511, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 652, 874 \copyins 24, 26, 762, 763, 764, 765, 767, 777, 782, 787, 797, 802, 807, 809, 813, 815 \copyright . . . . . . 788 \copyrightholder . . . . . . . . 734, 788 \copyrightinfo 732, 736 \copyrightyear . . . . . . . 733, 775, 788 \count . . . . . . 764, 815 \cr . . . . 1084, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2071 \crcr . . . . . . . . . . 2074
Index
\csname . . . . . . . 55, 55 \ctagsplit@false . . . . . . . 164, 2074 \ctagsplit@true . . 162 \curraddr . . . . . 17, 529, 558, 653, 1697 \curraddrname 545, 559 \currentissue . . . . . . . . 23, 712, 725 \currentmonth 713, 726 \CurrentOption . . . 376 \currentvolume . . . 100, 133, 712, 725 \currentyear . 713, 726 D \date . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 \datename 842, 844, 888 \dateposted . 4, 90, 134 \day . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 \dblfloatpagefraction . . . . . . . 47, 1584 \dblfloatsep . . . . . . . . 47, 242, 1588 \dbltextfloatsep . . . . 47, 243, 1589 \dbltopfraction 47, 1583 \DeclareOldFontCommand 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476 \DeclareOption . 13, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 89, 132, 140, 141, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 158, 161, 163, 165, 258, 267, 276, 285, 294, 373, 376 \DeclareRobustCommand . . . . . . 53, 58, 63, 192, 193, 194, 195, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 1685, 1992, 2140 \DeclareTextCommand . . . . . . . 2177, 2186, 2188, 2190 \dedicatory . . . . . . . . . 575, 655, 1698 \defaultfont . 67, 2255 \deferred@thm@head . . . . . . . . 57, 58, 58, 1884, 1912 \descriptionlabel . . . . . . . 992, 995 dfn environment . . . . 52
Index
73
\endtheindex . . . . 1551 \endtitlepage . . . . 928 \endtrivlist . . . 59, 879, 1066, 1954, 2160, 2258, 2259 \endverse . . . . . . . 950 \enspace . . . . . 890, 892, 1122, 1124, 1189, 1316, 1638, 1738, 1740 enumerate environment . . . . . . 30 environments: dfn . . . . . . . . . . . 52 enumerate . . . . . . 30 figure . . . . . . . . 48 itemize . . . . . . . 30 lem . . . . . . . . . . . 52 pf . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 pf* . . . . . . . . . . . 68 prop . . . . . . . . . . 52 rmk . . . . . . . . . . . 52 table . . . . . . . . . 48 thebibliography 44 theindex . . . . . . 45 thm . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \eonly@logo . . 107, 136 \eqno . . . . . . . 2040, 2041, 2099, 2100 \equation@qed . . . . . 2049, 2108, 2110 \evensidemargin 67, 2238 \everycr . . . . . . . 1076 \everydisplay . . . . 50, 50, 1676, 1677 \everypar . . . . . 32, 34 \except . . . . . . . 32, 53 \ExecuteOptions . . 380 executivepaper option . . . . . . . . 3 \ext@figure . . . . . 1603 \ext@table . . . . . 1619 F \f@shape . . . . . . 58, 1927, 2179, 2191 \fboxrule . . . . . . . 238 \fboxsep . . . . . . . . 238 figure environment . 48 \figurename . 1604, 1605 final option . . . . . . . 13 \firstchoice@true 2014 fleqn option 6, 61, 63, 63 \floatingpenalty 1567 \floatpagefraction . . . . . . . 47, 1582 \floatsep . . . . . 47, 242, 243, 244, 1585 \flushright . . . . . 1260 \fnum@figure . . . . 1604 \fnum@table . . . . . 1620 \font . . . 441, 1230, 1231, 1234, 1963 \fontdimen . . . . . . 51, 441, 1230, 1231, 1234, 1963 \fontencoding . . . . 410 \fontfamily . . . . . . 410 \fontseries . . . . . 1850 \fontsize . . . . . 8, 117, 769, 822, 868, 1194, 1196, 1201, 1311, 1323, 1514, 1558 \footins 236, 237, 1563 \footnoterule . . . 1554 \footnotesep 9, 235, 1555, 1566, 1572 \footnotesize . 7, 8, 46 \footskip . . . 227, 228 \for . . . . . . . . . . 32, 58 \for@any@x . . . . . . . 73 \forany . . . . . . . . 3, 63 \fps@figure . . 48, 1596 \fps@table . . 48, 1597 \frenchspacing . . 2, 32 \frontmatter 37, 37, 1253 \ftype@figure . . . 1602 \ftype@table . . . . 1618 \fullwidthdisplay . 50, 50, 907, 1675 G \g@addto@macro 484, 485, 491, 511, 528, 529, 530, 531, 538, 594, 766 gsm-l.cls . . . . . . . . 14 H \halign . . . . . . . . 1076 \hbox . . . . . 26, 599, 804, 1048, 1063, 1065, 1084, 1426, 1499, 1515, 1558, 1642, 1645, 1652, 1654, 1686, 1960, 1995, 1996, 2025, 2026, 2030, 2042, 2051, 2053, 2101, 2133, 2136 \headheight . . . 119, 226, 2231, 2240 \headsep 226, 2232, 2240 \hexnumber@ . . . . . 2176
\DH . . . . . . . . . . . 2174 \dh . . . . . . . . . . . 2174 \dimen@ . . . . . . 683, 684, 1956, 1957 \dimen@i . . . . . . . . 676 \displayindent 50, 1675 \displaymath@qed . . . . . . . . 2035, 2048, 2089, 2094, 2108, 2110 \displaystyle 1048, 1063, 1078, 1082 \displaywidth . . 50, 1065, 1675, 2053 \divide 180, 181, 188, 1950, 2235, 2241 \DJ . . . . . . . . . . . 2174 \dj . . . . . . . . . . . 2174 docstrip . . . . . . . . . 68 \documentclass . . . . 16 \documentstyle . . . . 16 \doublerulesep . . . 239 \dp . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 draft option . . . . . 4, 13 \dth@everypar . . . . . 1897, 1898, 1922 E \edef . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \egroup . 911, 1053, 1065, 1084, 1086, 1506, 2074 \else . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \em . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \email . . . . . . . . 17, 530, 562, 653, 1697 \emailaddrname 546, 563 \emergencystretch 1574 \emph 15, 1681, 1682, 1683 \emshape . . . . . . . . . 15 \end@dblfloat 1614, 1630 \end@float . 1609, 1625 \end@page 740, 750, 753 \endabstract . . . . . . 28 \enddescription . . 999 \enddoc@text . . . . . . . 18, 18, 541, 543 \endenumerate . . . . 980 \endinput . . . . . . . . 68 \enditemize . . . . . . 991 \endlist . . . . . 911, 948, 950, 957, 959, 963, 965, 978, 980, 989, 991, 997, 999, 1497 \endproof . . . . . . 2257 \endquotation . . . . 959 \endquote . . . . . . . 965 \endsplit . . . . . . 2074
74
\hfil . . . . . 63, 307, 314, 316, 319, 321, 340, 1053, 1065, 1080, 1082, 1426, 2026, 2053, 2059, 2137, 2139 \hfill . . . . . . 787, 1995 \hfilneg . . . . . . . 2026 \hfuzz . . . . . . 46, 1573 \hrule . . . . . 1555, 2138 \hrulefill . . . . . 1499 \hskip . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \hspace 992, 1549, 1550 \hss . . 343, 599, 805, 976, 986, 1084, 1430, 1645, 1652, 1654, 2181, 2187, 2189, 2194, 2196 \HUGE . . . . . . . 6, 7, 210 \Huge . . . . . . 6, 174, 209 \huge . . . . . . 6, 174, 208 \hyphenation . . . . 2198 \hyphenpenalty . . . . . . . . 1417, 1545 I \i . . . . . 14, 14, 14, 444 \ialign . . . . . . . . 2059 \if . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \if@compatibility . . . 383, 403, 2253 \if@extracrline . . . . . . 770, 783, 789 \if@firstcolumn 807, 812 \if@inlabel . 1901, 1913 \if@mparswitch . . . . . 3 \if@noskipsec 33, 1093 \if@openright . . . . . . 143, 1256, 1284 \if@restonecol . . . . . . . . 1511, 1551 \if@revertcopyright . . . . . . . 818, 824 \if@tempswa . . . . . 1670 \if@titlepage 139, 680 \if@twoside . . . . . . . . 3 \ifctagsplit@ . . . . 160 \iffirstchoice@ . . . . . . . 2014, 2017 \ifhbox . . . . . . . . 1641 \ifinner 63, 2038, 2097 \ifmeasuring@ . . . . . 2013, 2016, 2079 \ifmmode . . . . . . . . . 63 \ifresetcontrib 499, 504 \ifst@rred . . . . . 2071 \iftagsleft@ . 155, 2050
Index
\ifvoid . . . . 49, 49, L 767, 797, 916, 1904 \L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \ifx . . . . . . . . . . 37, 58 \l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \ignorespaces . . . . \l@chapter . . 42, 1455 . . . 36, 43, 49, 49 \l@figure . . 1459, 1460 \imath . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \l@paragraph . . . . 1448 \includegraphics . . 85 \l@part . . . . . . . . 1453 \indent . . . . . . 555, \l@section . . . . . 1441 559, 563, 568, \l@subparagraph . 1450 1561, 1848, 1913 \l@subsection . . . 1444 \indentlabel . 1406, \l@subsubsection . 1436, 1443, 1458 . 1446, 1448, 1450 \index . . . . . . 49, 2169 \l@table . . . . . . . 1460 \indexchap . 1513, 1533 \labelenumi . . . . . . \indexintro . . . . . . 29, 929, 1005, 1265 . 1518, 1523, 1529 \labelenumii . . . . . \indexname . . . . . . . . 931, 1007, 1267 . 1534, 1536, 1547 \labelenumiii 934, 1008 \indexspace . . . . . 1552 \labelenumiv . 937, 1009 \input . . . . . . . . . . 376 \labelitemi . . . . . . 940 \InputIfFileExists \labelitemii . . . . . 941 . 2245, 2246, 2247 \labelitemiii . . . . 942 \interfootnotelinepenalty\labelitemiv . . . . . 943 . . . . . . . . . . 1565 \labelsep . . . . 199, \interlinepenalty 240, 241, 909, . . 553, 1140, 1565 992, 1002, \intextsep 47, 244, 1587 1005, 1007, \ISSN . . . . . . . 759, 761 1008, 1009, \issueinfo . . 725, 727 1014, 1023, \it . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 1026, 1028, \itdefault . . . . . . . 58 1030, 1032, \item . . . . . . . . . 57, 60 1265, 1267, \itemindent 905, 945, 1473, 1478, 953, 968, 994, 1488, 1491, 2155 1477, 1904, 2154 \labelwidth . . . 199, itemize environment 30 903, 967, 995, \itemize . . . . . . . . 941 1014, 1023, \itemsep 31, 197, 253, 1026, 1028, 945, 1019, 1024 1030, 1032, \itshape . . . 46, 58, 1476, 1490, 1491 474, 545, 546, landscape option . . . . 3 547, 675, 890, \LARGE 6, 174, 207, 1706 892, 1228, 1717, \Large . 6, 174, 206, 849 1738, 1740, \large 6, 174, 205, 1181 1754, 1928, \larger . . . . . . . . . 168 1941, 1947, 2157 \lastbox . . . 1640, 1903 \lastskip . . . . . . . 918 J \j . . . . . . . . 14, 14, 444 lasy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \jmath . . . . . . . . . . . 14 \leavevmode . . . . . . . 33 \jot . . . . . . . . . . 7, 188 \leftmargin 198, 904, 946, 952, 954, 961, 967, 1013, K 1018, 1022, \kern . . . 791, 1554, 1025, 1027, 1555, 1639, 1029, 1031, 1645, 1652, 1476, 1477, 1491 1654, 1904, 2070 \keywords 577, 656, 1699 \leftmargini . . 198, \keywordsname . . . . 199, 994, 1005, . . . 832, 892, 1740 1006, 1013,
Index
75
\makebox 2181, 2187, 2189, 2194, 2196 makeidx option . . . . . 12 makeindex package . . 50 \makelabel . . . . 30, 970, 976, 986, 995 \MakeTextUppercase . . . . . . . . 27, 458 \maketitle . . . . . . 21, 21, 28, 28, 28, 28, 51, 626, 627, 650, 897, 899, 1688, 1695 \MakeUppercase . 14, 464, 642, 872, 885 \marginparpush . . . 234 \markboth 12, 12, 12, 65, 322, 324, 326, 360, 641, 1184 \markleft . . . . . . 2168 \markright . . . . 12, 12, 12, 65, 328, 356 \math@cr@@@ . . . . . 2080 \math@qedhere . . . . . 63, 64, 2010, 2028, 2087, 2133 \mathbf . . . . . . . . . 473 \mathcal . . . . . . . . . 16 \mathhexbox . . . . . 2176 \mathindent 6, 1035, 1049, 1063, 1070, 1089, 1090 \mathit . . . . . . . . . 474 \mathqed 1993, 2010, 2021 \mathrm . . . . . . . . . 470 \mathsf . . . . . . . . . 471 \mathsurround . . . . . 50 \mathtt . . . . . . . . . 472 \Mc . . . . . . 15, 445, 446 \mddefault . . . . . 1850 \mdseries 1110, 1315, 1430, 1666, 1710 \medskip . . . . . 7, 1709 \medskipamount . . . 180, 181, 182, 1707 \MessageBreak 85, 86, 414, 417, 419, 421 \month . . . . . . . . . . 466 \MR . . . . . . . . . . . 1501 \MRhref . . . . . . . . 1501 msam . . . . . . . . . . 64, 64 msbm . . . . . . . . . . 65, 65 N \NeedsTeXFormat . . . . 1 \newblock . 44, 44, 1500 \newbox . . . . . . . . . 895 \newcommand . . . . 16, 68 \newcounter . . 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1598, 1599, 1616, 1617, 1809, 1811 \newdimen . . . . 222, 249, 1089, 1662 \newenvironment . . . 68 \newif . . . . . . . 139, 143, 155, 160, 499, 770, 818, 1511, 2013, 2014 \newlabel . . . . . . 1400 \newline . . . . . . . . 53, 60, 94, 101, 103, 110, 112, 128, 1965, 1968 \newskip . . . . . 367, 1016, 1660, 1661, 1758, 1894 \newswitch . . . . . . . . 40, 52, 309, 1338, 1339, 1340 \newtheorem . . . . . . 52, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 59, 64, 1771 \newtheoremstyle . 53, 53, 53, 58, 1955 noamsfonts option 5, 13 \nobreak . . . . . . . . . 18 \noindent . . . . . 59, 121, 1189, 1199, 1636, 1648, 1846, 1881, 1934, 1958, 1960 \nointerlineskip . 786 nomath option . . 5, 6, 13 \nonbreakingspace 1663 \nonslanted . . 58, 1926 \nonumber . . . . . . 2067 \nopunct . . . . . . . 2, 31 \normalfont . 46, 67, 307, 313, 319, 340, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 599, 664, 769, 822, 902, 1175, 1180, 1219, 1220, 1224, 1228, 1232, 1235, 1488, 1523, 1558, 1564, 1601, 1842, 1923, 1944, 1948, 2152, 2255
1014, 1018, 1035, 1090, 1265 \leftmarginii 1007, 1022, 1023, 1267 \leftmarginiii . . . . 1008, 1025, 1026 \leftmarginiv . . . . . 1009, 1027, 1028 \leftmarginv . . . . . . 1012, 1029, 1030 \leftmarginvi . . . . . 1012, 1031, 1032 \leftmark . 11, 316, 336 \leftskip . . . . 779, 1313, 1317, 1423 legalpaper option . . . 3 lem environment . . . . 52 leqno option . . 6, 63, 63 \leqno . . . . . 2041, 2100 letterpaper option . . 3 \linebox@qed . . . . . 61, 2026, 2038, 2045, 2097, 2104 \linebreak . . . . . . 871 \lineskip . . . . . . . . 25 \lineskiplimit . . . 223 \linespacing . . . 8, 222, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 1174, 1178, 1179, 1218, 1222, 1223, 1226, 1346, 1347 \linewidth . . 1048, 1063, 1065, 1076 \list . . . . . . . . 903, 945, 951, 961, 974, 985, 993, 1490 \listfigurename . . . . . . . 1383, 1388 \listisep . . . . . 31, 1016, 1017, 1019 \listoffigures . . 1388 \listoftables . . . 1389 \listparindent . . . 905, 945, 952, 1020 \listtablename . . . . . . . . 1384, 1389 \llap . . . . 321, 976, 986 \long . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 M \m@ne . . . . . . 1086, 1312 \m@th . . 31, 63, 940, 942, 943, 1053, 1065, 1078, 1080, 1082, 1666 \mainmatter . . . . . . . . 37, 37, 39, 1254
76
\normallineskiplimit . . . . . . . . . . . 224 \normalparindent 9, 249, 250, 251, 252, 905, 952, 1006, 1020, 1223, 1227, 1231, 1568, 2154 \normalsize . . . . . . . . . 6, 6, 7, 10, 173, 190, 264, 273, 282, 291, 300, 599, 664, 679, 1315, 1520 \normaltopskip . . . 305, 341, 367, 368 \null . . . . . . 1184, 1704 \number . . . 23, 469, 712, 1112, 1419 \numberline . . . . 42, 42 \numberwithin . 13, 394 \nxandlist 616, 624, 858 O \O . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \o . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 \oddsidemargin . . . . . . . 67, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238 \OE . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 \oe . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 \omit . . . . . . . . . . 2068 \onecolumn . . . . . 1551 \openbox 2135, 2145, 2149 \openup . . . . . . . . 1707 \or 172, 173, 174, 260, 261, 262, 263, 269, 270, 271, 272, 278, 279, 280, 281, 287, 288, 289, 290, 296, 297, 298, 299, 466, 467, 468 \overfullrule . . 82, 89 P \p@enumii . . . . . . . 933 \p@enumiii . . 936, 939 \p@enumiv . . . 939, 1489 \PackageWarning . . . . . . . 1746, 2022 \pageinfo 101, 110, 746 \pagenumbering 739, 1253, 1254, 2249 \pagespan . . . 738, 741 \pagestyle . . 432, 2250 \paperheight . . . . . 74, 76, 77, 78, 2239 \paperwidth . . . . . . . . 74, 76, 78, 2233 \par . . . . . . . . . . 22, 55 \paragraph . . . . . 1229 \paragraphmark . . . 372 \paragraphname . . . 331 \parbox . . . . . . . . 1523 \parindent . . . 9, 9, 46 \parsep . . . 31, 197, 253, 906, 954, 966, 1018, 1024 \parskip . . . . . . . 9, 40 \part . . . 35, 1173, 1183 \partmark . . . . . . . 324 \partname . 36, 324, 1171, 1188, 1195 \partopsep . . . . . . 31, 253, 1024, 1072 \partrunhead 36, 324, 1205, 1214, 1215 \PassOptionsToPackage . . . . 153, 154, 157, 159, 162, 164 pf environment . . . . . 68 pf* environment . . . . 68 \phantom . . . . . . . 2051 \PII . . . . . . . . 760, 761 \place@tag@gather 2069 \popQED . . . . . 2005, 2160, 2258, 2259 \popQED@elt . 2006, 2008 portrait option . . . . . 3 \postdisplaypenalty . . . . . 1046, 1059 \pre@thm@spacefactor . . . . . 1825, 1827 \predisplaypenalty . . . . . 1045, 1058 \prevdepth 676, 921, 2166 \prevgraf . . . . . . 1829 \printindex . . . . . 1684 \procart@logo 126, 704 \ProcessOptions . . . . . . . 3, 377, 382 \proof . . . . . . 68, 2257 \proofname . . . . 65, 2150, 2162, 2258 prop environment . . . 52 \protect . . . . . . . . . 14 \protected@edef . . . . . . . 1129, 1569 \ProvidesClass . . . . . . . . . 1, 4, 7, 10 \ProvidesPackage . . 17 \ps@empty 302, 306, 310 \ps@firstpage . . . . 339 \ps@headings 12, 310, 366 \ps@myheadings . . . 366 \ps@plain . 24, 306, 339
Index
\ps@xxx . . . . . . . . . . 10 psamsfonts option . . . 5 \publname . . . . . . . 22, 22, 22, 22, 99, 109, 127, 700 \pushQED . . . 2001, 2151 Q \qed . 60, 64, 1992, 2151 \qed@elt . . . . . . . . 61, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2011, 2017 \QED@stack . . . . . . . . 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2017 \qed@tag . . . 2066, 2080 \qed@warning . . . . . . 2021, 2030, 2089 \qedhere . . . . . . . . 63, 63, 2009, 2022 \qedsymbol . . . . 60, 1996, 2025, 2026, 2030, 2042, 2051, 2053, 2061, 2068, 2079, 2101, 2133, 2145, 2147, 2149 \quad . . . . . . . 1443, 1458, 1996, 2025, 2030, 2051, 2108, 2133 R \raggedright 1175, 1544 \raise . . . . . 1558, 1686 \raisebox 2181, 2187, 2189, 2194, 2196 \refname . . . . . . . . 28, 43, 1461, 1483 \refstepcounter . . . . 1060, 1119, 1187, 1287, 1860 \relax . . . . . . . . 28, 28 \removelastskip . 1345 \rendsplit@ . . . . . 2074 \renewcommand . . . . . . 7 reqno option . . . . . . . . 6 \RequirePackage . . . . 1, 384, 389, 425 \resetcontribfalse 499 \resetcontribtrue 505 \revertcopyright . 819 \rightmargin . . . . . 904, 946, 954, 961 \rightmark 11, 321, 337 \rightskip . . 779, 1424 \rlap . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Index
77
\settowidth . . . . . . . . 1005, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1265, 1267, 1490 \setTrue . . 49, 312, 318, 1344, 1364 \sf . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 \sf@size . . . . . . . 1558 \sfcode 32, 33, 1494, 1827 \sffamily . . . . . . . 471 \shortauthors . 488, 489, 491, 497, 632, 633, 638, 666 \shorttitle . . . 477, 631, 632, 638, 666 size10,11,12.clo . . . 9 \skip . . . . 236, 237, 763, 782, 787, 802 \skip@ 918, 919, 1319, 1320, 1325, 1326, 1521, 1522, 2166, 2167 \sl . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 \sloppy . . . . . . . . . . 46 \slshape . 58, 475, 1929 \SMALL . 6, 172, 194, 204 \Small . . . . . . . . 6, 172, 195, 203, 902 \small . . . 6, 7, 172, 202 \smaller . . . . . . . . 168 \smallskip . . . . . . 7, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740 \smallskipamount 7, 181, 187, 197, 1017 \spacefactor . . . 2, 29, 31, 1501, 1825 \spaceskip . . . . . . 441 \special . . . . . . . . . 44 \specialsection . 1177 \split@qed . . . . . 2073 \splitmaxdepth . . 1566 \splittopskip . . . 1566 \square . . . . . . . 64, 64 \ss . . . . . . . . . 14, 444 \start@page . . . 740, 747, 750, 751, 753 \stepcounter . . . . 1069 \strut . . . . . . . . . 1572 \strut@ . . . . . . . . 2068 \strutbox . . . . . . 1566 \subitem . . . . . . . 1549 \subjclass 579, 656, 1699 \subjclassname 585, 833, 835, 890, 1738 \subparagraph . . . 1233 \subparagraphname 331 \subsection . . . . . 1221 \subsectionmark . . 370 \subsectionname . . 331 \subsubitem . . . . . 1550 \subsubsection 35, 1225 \subsubsectionmark 371 \subsubsectionname 331 \swapnumbers 52, 52, 52, 53, 53, 59, 1930 \swappedhead 53, 57, 1873, 1879, 1888 \swappedhead@plain . . . . . . . 57, 1879 \symAMSb . . . . . . . 2176 T \tabbingsep . . . . . . 241 \tabcolsep . . . . . . 241 table environment . . 48 \tablename . 1620, 1621 \tableofcontents 39, 40 \tabskip 1070, 1078, 1082, 1084, 2070 \tag . . . . . . . . . . . 2079 \tag@true . . . . . . 2067 \tagform@ . . . . . . 2060 \tagsleft@false . . . . . . . . 159, 2068 \tagsleft@true . . . 157 tbtags option . . . . . . . 6 \text . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \textfloatsep . . . . . . . 47, 243, 1586 \textfraction 47, 1581 \textheight . . 8, 67, 75, 229, 765, 2231, 2232, 2239 \textit . . . . . . . . . 842 \textprime . . . . . . . . 46, 51, 51, 1685 \textsquare . 2140, 2147 \textup . . . . . . . 33, 834, 837, 1000, 1104, 1868, 2256 \textwidth . . 8, 67, 230, 777, 779, 2234 \th@definition . . 1943 \th@plain . 56, 57, 1933 \th@remark . . . . . 1946 \thanks 18, 315, 320, 534, 537, 538, 655, 864, 894, 1698 \thanks@warning . . 315, 320, 532, 864 \thankses . . . . 527, 538, 655, 692, 894, 1698, 1726 thebibliography environment . . . . 44 \thechapter . . 1164, 1289, 1316, 1332
\rm . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 \rmfamily . . . . . . . 470 rmk environment . . . . 52 \rom . . . . . . . . . . . 2256 \romannumeral . . . . 37, 974, 984, 1243 \row@ . . . . . . . . . . 2071 \rule . . . . . . . . . . 1572 S \sbox 58, 1407, 1436, 1923 \sc . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 \scdefault . 2178, 2191 \scriptfont . . . . . 1686 \scriptsize . 8, 204, 307, 313, 319, 340 \scshape . 445, 476, 557, 909, 1181, 1219, 1342, 1600, 1849, 2156 \secdef . . . . . . . 40, 1184, 1286, 1365 secnumdepth . . . . . . . 35 \section . 10, 33, 36, 39 \sectionmark 34, 327, 369 \sectionname . . . . . 34, 328, 331, 1238 \sectionrunhead . . . . . . . . 328, 1215 \see . . . . . . . . 50, 1682 \seealso . . . . . . . 1683 \seename . . . 1679, 1682 \seeonly . . . . 50, 1681 \seeonlyname 1678, 1681 \selectfont . . 117, 868 \set@logo . . . . . . . . 98, 108, 118, 127 \setbox . . . 26, 800, 901, 1635, 1640, 1642, 1645, 1647, 1903, 2062 \setboxz@h . . 26, 2068 \setcounter 738, 739, 927, 1003, 1004, 1010, 1011, 1170, 1264, 1266, 1336, 1337, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578 \setFalse . . . . . . . . 46 \setlength . . . . . . . . 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595 \setQED@elt . 2011, 2015 \settoheight . . . . . 235
78
\theenumi . . . . . . . 929, 930, 933, 936 \theenumii 931, 932, 936 \theenumiii 934, 935, 939 \theenumiv . . . 937, 938, 1489, 1490 \theequation 1069, 2060 \thefigure . . . . . 1604 theindex environment 45 \theindex . . . . . . 1538 \theorempreskipamount . . . . . . . . . . 1940 \theoremstyle . . . . . . 52, 52, 53, 1744 \theparagraph 1168, 1169 \thepart . . . . . . 36, 1163, 1188, 1195 \thesection . . 1158, 1165, 1166, 1239 \thesubparagraph 1169 \thesubsection . . . . . . . . 1166, 1167 \thesubsubsection . . . . . 1167, 1168 \thetable . . . . . . 1620 \thexxx . . . . . . . 12, 55 \thexyz . . . . . . . . . . 57 \thinspace . . . . . 1499 thm environment . . . . 52 \thm@bodyfont . . . 1754 \thm@check@break 1823 \thm@headfont . . . . . . 1755, 1847, 1849, 1884, 1935, 1947, 1981 \thm@headpunct . . . . . 1757, 1851, 1889, 1937, 1981 \thm@headsep . . . . . . . 1852, 1891, 1894, 1895, 1963, 1967, 1970 \thm@indent . . . . . . . . 1846, 1848, 1881, 1884, 1934, 1958, 1960 \thm@notefont . . . . . . 1756, 1850, 1871, 1878, 1936 \thm@postskip 1758, 1763, 1768, 1856, 1940, 1951, 1976, 1978 \thm@preskip . 1758, 1761, 1763, 1768, 1855, 1939, 1950, 1951, 1975, 1977 \thm@space@setup . . . . . . . . 1760, 1767, 1853, 1974 \thm@style . . . . . . . . 1747, 1749, 1752, 1753, 1779, 1800, 1820 \thm@swap . . . . . 57, 59, 59, 1798, 1799, 1818, 1819, 1845, 1882, 1888, 1930, 1931, 1938 \thm@topbreak 1826, 1837 \thmhead . . . 53, 53, 53, 57, 1872, 1888, 1984, 1988 \thmhead@plain . . . . 1869, 1872, 1984 \thmheadnl . . . . . . . 57, 58, 1844, 1880, 1890, 1968 \thmname . . . . . . 53, 56, 1867, 1870, 1875, 1877, 1885 \thmnote . . . . . . 53, 53, 57, 1867, 1871, 1878, 1887 \thmnumber . . . . 53, 57, 1867, 1870, 1874, 1876, 1886 thmtest.tex . . . . . . . 13 \thr@@ . . . . . 1083, 2141 \TINY . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7 \Tiny . 6, 172, 192, 2254 \tiny . . . . . . 6, 7, 8, 67, 172, 193, 2254 \title 16, 16, 21, 477, 478, 479, 650, 1695 \titlepage . . . . . . 924 \tocappendix . . . 42, 1292, 1301, 1457 \tocchapter . . . . . . . . . 42, 42, 43, 1293, 1302, 1456 \toccontribs . 525, 652 \tocparagraph . . . 1449 \tocpart . . . . . . . 1454 \tocsection . . . . 43, 43, 1442, 1445, 1447, 1449, 1451, 1454, 1456 \tocsubparagraph 1451 \tocsubsection . . 1445 \tocsubsubsection 1447 \today . . . . . 15, 19, 465 \tolerance . . 46, 1574 \topfraction . . . . . . . 47, 47, 47, 1579
Index
\topmargin . . . . . . 67, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243 \topmark . . . . . . . . 336 \topsep . . . . 54, 54, 197, 1019, 1024, 1071, 1768, 1939, 1950, 2152 \topskip 8, 10, 11, 38, 229, 305, 341, 667, 668, 1309, 1321, 1513, 1515, 1517, 1521, 1525, 1703 \tracingmacros . . . . 20 tran-l class . . . . 24, 26 \translator . . . . . . 592 \translname . . . . . . . . . 591, 600, 1733 \trivlist . . . . . . . . 30, 865, 966, 1061, 1843, 2153 \try@load@fontshape 410 \ttfamily 472, 565, 570 \tw@ . . . . . . . . . 180, 181, 1081, 1128, 1950, 1963, 2123, 2235, 2241 \twocolumn . . . . . . . 45 \typeout 1290, 1298, 1369 U \unhbox 1642, 1648, 1906 \unkern . . . . . . . . 1642 \unpenalty . . . . . 1642 \unskip . . . . . . . 36, 552, 556, 560, 564, 569, 624, 625, 825, 858, 859, 860, 1146, 1206, 1501, 1572, 1639, 1642, 1663, 1824, 1841, 1995 \unvbox . . 767, 801, 807, 809, 813, 1647 \upchars@ . . . 442, 443 \upn . . . . . . . . 30, 1000 \uppercase . 14, 15, 37 \uppercasenonmath . . . . . . . 435, 462, 601, 631, 851, 1210, 1733 \upshape . . . 30, 58, 769, 822, 941, 970, 976, 986, 992, 1638, 1666, 1850, 1928, 1929 \URL . . . . . . . . . . . 1504
Index
79
. 531, 566 . 547, 568 . . . . 1504 . 975, 1492 . . . . 2141 \vfill . . . . . . . . . 1720 \vfuzz . . . . . . 46, 1573 \volinfo . 101, 110, 128, 133, 711, 721 \vspace . . . . 1260, 1708 \vtop . . . 675, 901, 2059 W \wd . . 1408, 1409, 1644 \widowpenalty . . . . . . 219, 1493, 1829 \wraptoccontribs . 515 \write . . . . . . . . . . . 49 X \xandlist . . . . 20, 606 \xcontribs . . . . . . 518, 519, 521, 525, 652, 885, 886 \xdef . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \xxxname . . . . . . 12, 12 Y \year . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Z . . . . . . . 68
\urladdr . . . \urladdrname \URLhref . . . \usecounter . \usefont . . .
V \veqno . . . . . 2041, 2100 \verb . . . . . . . 45, 1508 \vfil . . . . . . . 1184, 1197, 1202, 1704, 1712, 1714, 1725, 1726, 1728, 2138
\zap@space

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The amsart, amsproc, and amsbook document classes

For amsthm we need to guard against redundant loading via

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

amsthm \ProvidesPackage{amsthm}[2004/08/06 v2.20] 18 /amsthm

Support for conditional text

The empty switch is by default false; i.e., if you write

the material will be discarded.

\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse} \DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

amsart \def\@setdateposted{% 94 \newline Article electronically published on \@dateposted} 95 /amsart

Two-column printing Two-column layout is handled through a predened internal switch.

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

\ifcase\count@ \Tiny\or\Tiny\or\tiny\or\SMALL\or\Small\or\small \or\normalsize \or\large\or\Large\or\LARGE\or\huge\or\Huge\else\Huge \fi

\bigskipamount.7\baselineskip plus.7\baselineskip \medskipamount\bigskipamount \divide\medskipamount\tw@ \smallskipamount\medskipamount \divide\smallskipamount\tw@ \abovedisplayskip\medskipamount \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip

\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip \advance\abovedisplayshortskip-1\abovedisplayskip \belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayshortskip \advance\belowdisplayshortskip 1\smallskipamount

\jot\baselineskip \divide\jot 4 \relax }

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

For the record lets initialize \@currsizeindex.

Some settings for marginpars.

\arrayrulewidth=.4pt \labelsep=5pt 241 \tabcolsep=\labelsep

\@dblfptop=0pt plus1fil \@dblfpbot=0pt plus1fil \@dblfpsep=8pt plus2fil\relax

\partopsep=0pt \relax \parsep=0pt \relax \itemsep=0pt \relax \@highpenalty=301

\@lowpenalty=51 \@medpenalty=151 \@beginparpenalty=-\@lowpenalty 256 \@endparpenalty=-\@lowpenalty 257 \@itempenalty=-\@lowpenalty

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

There should be 11 typesize/baselineskip pairs: ve below \normalsize and ve above.

\or{5}{6}\or{6}{7}\or{7}{8}\or{8}{10}\or{9}{11}% \or{10}{12}% normalsize \or{\@xipt}{13}\or{\@xiipt}{14}\or{\@xivpt}{17}% \or{\@xviipt}{20}\or{\@xxpt}{24}}% \normalsize \linespacing=\baselineskip

Pagestyle plain has the page numbers in the running feet.

\def\ps@plain{\ps@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\scriptsize \hfil\thepage\hfil}% 308 \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}

Initialize section headings.

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

Something that apparently doesnt exist in the kernel?

\def\ps@myheadings{\ps@headings \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo} \newskip\normaltopskip \normaltopskip=10pt \relax

Save normal topskip value in a skip register.

classes \ExecuteOptions{leqno,centertags,letterpaper,portrait,% 381 10pt,twoside,onecolumn,final}

Options will be processed in the order of the associated \DeclareOption commands.

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

Basic AMS style features

Preparations for printing all-caps text.

Old font commands

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf} \DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit} 475 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl} 476 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}

492 493 494 495

} \edef\author{\@nx\@dblarg 496 \@xp\@nx\csname\string\author\endcsname}

Initialize some variables.

Initialize some more variables.

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

\renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{% \@ifnotempty{#1}{\g@addto@macro\thankses{\thanks{#1}}}% 539 }

\interlinepenalty\@M \def\address##1##2{\begingroup \par\addvspace\bigskipamount\indent

\@ifnotempty{##1}{(\ignorespaces##1\unskip) }% {\scshape\ignorespaces##2}\par\endgroup}% \def\curraddr##1##2{\begingroup \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\curraddrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space ##2\par}\endgroup}%

Now the main part of the address:

\def\email##1##2{\begingroup \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\emailaddrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space \ttfamily##2\par}\endgroup}%

\def\urladdr##1##2{\begingroup \def~{\char\~}% \@ifnotempty{##2}{\nobreak\indent\urladdrname \@ifnotempty{##1}{, \ignorespaces##1\unskip}\/:\space \ttfamily##2\par}\endgroup}% \addresses \endgroup }

THE AMSART, AMSPROC, AND AMSBOOK DOCUMENT CLASSES

The general function to convert a list of items in the form

to the form A, B, C, and D is \xandlist:

\def\and{\unskip{ }\@@and{ }\ignorespaces}

\uppercasenonmath\shorttitle \ifx\@empty\shortauthors \let\shortauthors\shorttitle \else \andify\shortauthors \fi

Set up the style of an article opening page.