GDJP Unit 5

76. Define Rocket propulsion.
If the propulsion unit contains its own oxygen supply for combustion purposes, the system is known as Rocket propulsion. 77. Define thrust for a rocket engine and how it is produced. The force that propels the rocket at a given velocity is known as thrust. This is produced due to the change in momentum flux of the outgoing gases as well as the difference between the nozzle exit pressure and the ambient pressure. 78. What are the types of rocket engines? Rocket engines are classified in the following manner. a) On the basis of source of energy employed i. Chemical rockets, ii. Solar rockets iii. Nuclear rockets and iv. Electrical rockets b) On the basis of propellants used i. Liquid propellant ii. Solid propellant iii. Hybrid propellant rockets. 79. Compare solid and liquid propellant rockets. SOLID PROPELLANT LIQUID PROPELLANT a) Solid fuels and oxidizers are used in rocket engines b) Generally stored in combustion chamber (both oxidizer and fuel). c) Burning in the combustion chamber is uncontrolled rate. a) Liquid fuels and oxidizers are used. b) Separate oxidizer and fuel tanks are used for storing purposes. c) Controlled rate. 80. What are the types of liquid propellants used in rocket engines? i. Mono propellants ii. Bi propellants 81. Give two liquid propellants. Liquid fuels : Liquid hydrogen, UDMH, hydrazine Solid fuels : Polymers, plastics and resin material 82. What is mono-propellants? Give example. A liquid propellant which contains both the fuel and oxidizer in a single chemical is known as mono propellant. e.g., i. Hydrogen peroxide ii. Hydrazine
iii Nitroglycerine and iv Nitromethane, etc. 83. What is bi-propellant? Give Example. 84. Name some oxidizers used in rockets. A liquid propellant which contains the fuel and oxidizer in separate units is known as bi-propellant. The commonly used bi-propellant combinations are: OXIDIZER FUEL a) Liquid oxygen b) Hydrogen peroxide c) Nitrogen tetroxide d) Nitric acid a) Gasoline b) Liquid bydrogen c) UDMH d) Alcohol, ethanol 85. Name few advantages of liquid propellant rockets over solid propellant rockets. i. Liquid propellant can be reused or recharged. Hence it is economical. ii. Increase or decrease of speed is possible when it is in operation. iii. Storing and transportation is easy as the fuel and oxidizer are kept separately. iv. Specific impulse is very high. 86. What is inhibitors? Inhibitors are used to regulate (or prevent) the burning of propellant at some sections. 87. Give the important requirements of rocket engine fuels. i. It must be able to produce a high chamber temperature. It should have a high calorific value per unit of propellant. ii. It should not chemically react with motor system including tanks, piping, valves and injection nozzles. 88. What is meant by restricted burning in rockets? In this case, the inhibition material (or) restrictions prevent the propellant grain from burning in all directions. The propellant grain burns only at some surfaces while other surfaces are prevented from burning.
1. A rocket flies at 10080 KMPH with an effective exhaust jet velocity of 1400 m/s, and the propellant flow rate of 5 kg/s. Find the propulsion efficiency and propulsion power of the rocket. (AU May 2012) 2. Mention any four applications of rockets. (AU May 2012) 1) What is monopropellant? Give one example for the same?
A monopropellant is a chemical propulsion fuel which does not require a separate oxidizer. The "mono" in monopropellant means singular--a fuel that can function alone. A monopropellant burns by itself because the oxidizer is bound into the molecule itself. Hydrazine is a family of compounds that are used in the rocket industry as monopropellants. 2) What is bipropellant? Bipropellant is a chemical propulsion fuel which uses two separate propellants, a liquid fuel and liquid oxidizer. These are contained in separate tanks and are mixed only upon injection into the combustion chamber. 3) Classify the rocket engines based on sources of energy employed? Rocket engines are distinguished b the type of mechanism used to produce exhaust material. Solid-propellant rocket Liquid bipropellant chemical rockets Liquid monopropellant rocket Nuclear rockets Thermonuclear rockets Solar propulsion Ion propulsion Plasma rocket Photon rocket 4) What is specific impulse of a rocket engine? A prime criterion for rating rocket performance is specific impulse, which provides an index of the efficiency with which a rocket uses its supply of propellant or working fluid for thrust production What are the advantages of and disadvantages of Liquid propellant rocket? (AU May 2011) What are monopropellants? Give examples. (AU May 2012) 1) What is rocket propulsion? Why is a rocket called a non-air breathing engine? (AU May 2007) a) Distinguish between monopropellant and bipropellant. (AU Nov 2007) b) List any two advantages and disadvantages of rockets compared to air breathing engines. (AU Nov 2009) c) What is the need for multi stage rockets? (AU Nov 2006)
6) (i) A rocket engine has the following data. Combustion chamber pressure is 38 bar, Combustion chamber temperature is 3500 K, oxidizer flow rate is 41.67 kg/s and the properties of exhaust gases are =1.3, R=287J/Kg K .The expansion takes place to the ambient pressure of 0.0582 bar. Calculate the nozzle throat
area, thrust, thrust co-efficient exit velocity of the exhaust and maximum possible exhaust velocity. (AU May 2012)
3. (ii) Explain with a neat sketch the working of a propellant feed system used in a liquid propellant rocket engine? (AU May 2012) 4. Write short notes on: (a) Solid-propellants (b) Liquid propellants (c) JATO (d) Multi stage rocket vehicles. (AU May 2011)
(i)What are the properties of liquid propellants? Give important examples of each and uses. (ii) Write briefly on rocket engine performance. What are the basic difference between jet propulsion and rocket propulsion?(AU May 2012) 5. Deduce expressions for propulsive efficiency, Specific impulse, and overall efficiency of a rocket engine. d) A rocket has the following data: propellant flow rate 5 kg/s; nozzle exit diameter 10 cm, nozzle exit pressure 1.02 bar; ambient pressure 1.013 bar; thrust chamber pressure 20 bar; thrust 7 KN. Determine the effective jet velocity, actual jet velocity, specific impulse and specific propellant consumption. (AU Nov 2009) A missile has a maximum flight speed to jet speed ratio of 0.211 and specific impulse equal to 2204 seconds .Determine for a burn out time of 8 seconds a) Effective jet velocity b) Mass ratio and propellant mass functions c) Maximum flight speed, and d) Altitude gain during powered and coasting flights (AU Nov 2006)
Derive an expression for orbital velocity and hence calculate the orbital and escape velocities of a rocket at mean sea level and analtitude of 300km from the following data: Radius of earth at mean sea level =6341.6Km (AU Nov 2006)

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76. Define Rocket propulsion.

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